Few people know what stages of construction of an apartment building precede the emergence of new “giants” that provide housing for hundreds, or even thousands, of people. At first glance, the creation of such objects is a simple process, including the preparation of documents, the construction of the building and the subsequent finishing of the apartments. In practice, building a house is a complex process with many nuances and difficulties that the developer has to overcome. Below we will consider the stages of construction of an apartment building and the features of this work.

The first step is to find a suitable site for the construction of a new facility. When choosing, the developer focuses on two main criteria:

Proximity to city infrastructure. The best option is to build a residential building closer to the center, where there is everything necessary for a comfortable stay (shops, hospitals, schools, kindergartens and other facilities). But the closer the site is to the central part, the higher the cost of the land, and it is more difficult to obtain permission.

Buying a plot of land outside the city allows you to save money and process documents faster, but difficulties arise with the sale of apartments. People are in no hurry to purchase real estate in places where there is no normal transport connection and no necessary infrastructure. Accordingly, the cost of one “square” of housing is reduced.

Possibility of communication. The next important point is the proximity of telephone lines, heat supply, electrical and gas networks. If the new building has autonomous heating, the issue of connecting to the central heating main is resolved by itself. At the same time, it is still necessary to draw water to the house, install supports for supplying electricity, connect gas, and so on. All this increases the cost of construction and complicates the project.

The next “stumbling block” is the urban planning plan, taking into account which the city is being developed. Construction companies have to go through real “circles of hell” to get approval for the construction of a multi-storey building, and the total number of permits when constructing a facility near the city center can amount to several dozen.

The easiest way is to obtain a building permit in an area where there are still few new buildings, and the master plan provides for the construction of several houses. The process of obtaining a permit is also simplified when municipal authorities act as the customer for the construction. But here we are talking about multi-storey buildings with economy-class apartments intended for low-income families.

Carrying out topographic survey and geological examination

At the next stage of construction, a topographic survey is carried out, thanks to which it is possible to solve two issues - to accurately determine the coordinates of the location of the future multi-apartment residential building, as well as the characteristics of the area. In addition, conducting a topographic survey is an opportunity to find out the depth of groundwater, as well as assess the quality of the land plot, the likelihood of soil shrinkage after laying the foundation and the reality of the construction of the facility as a whole.

Carrying out geological examination and topographic survey - work that involves companies with special permission. Upon completion of the activities, employees of such an organization submit a report to the developer. The document reflects the following information:

Soil composition, its geological structure and physical characteristics.
Features of the terrain.
Meteorological and climatic parameters.
Other data on the land plot.

Carrying out the measures considered allows us to accurately determine the technology for constructing the facility, as well as choose the right building materials. If the groundwater on the land is at great depth or there is complex terrain, the use of special construction techniques is required.

Design

After topographic survey and geological examination, you can proceed to the next stage - drawing up a project for a future apartment building. The future layout of the apartments, the size of the living space, as well as the appearance of the property depend on the correctness of its implementation.

The project of the future house is developed taking into account current building codes, climatic conditions, sanitary requirements and the seismological situation. For example, in sanitary legislation, key attention is paid to the quality of ventilation and lighting. As for thermal insulation, the need for additional finishing of the facade will be determined taking into account the average annual temperature.

When developing a project, many factors are taken into account, including the location of communications. Here, developers of project documentation have to take into account many requirements (including in the environmental sector), as well as environmental features.

The main difficulty in developing a project is the need to coordinate it with architectural and construction organizations. It is this stage that takes the “lion’s” share of time.

If an apartment building has a height of 22 floors or more, an additional calculation of the load on the foundation and determination of the resistance of load-bearing elements is required. When creating a project, specialists must take into account the characteristics of not only the territory where construction is taking place, but also the development plan for nearby areas.

The result of the construction of an apartment building, its reliability, safety and external attractiveness depend on the correctness of the drafting of the project, as well as checking the documents for compliance with the requirements. A project declaration must be drawn up, which provides information about the developer and the property.

Construction

The actual construction of a residential multi-storey building takes place in several stages. Let's look at these stages in detail:

Preparing the site for construction

The developer carries out preliminary work that allows the construction of the facility to begin. This includes fencing the area to prevent entry by unauthorized persons, clearing the land area of trees, structures or buildings (if any), as well as re-equipping utility networks that interfere with construction activities.

At the same stage, the developer organizes routes for transport access, thinks through the nuances of laying communications, provides systems for protection from rainwater, and installs household and administrative premises.

Marking the axes of the house

This stage of construction is extremely important and requires accurate calculations, as well as careful verification of the results obtained. Even small deviations can lead to a number of consequences that cannot be corrected. In the marking process, new types of measuring instruments are used, which are highly accurate.

Excavation

A special feature of this stage is the preparation of the pit for subsequent laying of the foundation. Work is also underway to create trenches for supplying communications. When constructing an apartment building with a large number of floors, the volume of earthworks is large, so special equipment is used - excavators and bulldozers.

Laying the foundation

At the heart of any multi-storey structure is a foundation, the quality of which determines the reliability, strength and, accordingly, the lifespan of the finished building. The base takes on the greatest load, so when drawing up a project, maximum attention is paid to it.

The type of foundation used depends on the soil. For example, when constructing a multi-story building, it may be necessary to add sand or gravel. The main work at this stage is pouring concrete capable of supporting a high-rise structure.

Construction of external walls

The duration and complexity of this stage depends on the chosen technology. There are plenty of options - erecting a building from brick, using reinforced concrete panels or building using monolithic technology. The latter option is in greatest demand due to its simplicity, reliability and high speed of construction.

Communications supply

As noted above, trenches for communications are prepared at the excavation stage. At this stage, gas, water and electricity supply elements are laid. Work on the supply of sewerage and other utility networks is also carried out here.

Roof arrangement

The volume and complexity of the work depends on the type of roof chosen. Modern multi-storey buildings often have a usable type of roof with the possibility of arranging a winter garden at the top. This, in turn, increases the cost of construction.

Final stages

At the final stage, the following work is performed:

Creation of internal partitions - dividing the house into apartments, taking into account the previously drawn up project, as well as equipping the building with elevators.
Installation of windows and installation of metal doors in the apartments of future residents.
Arrangement of internal communications - installation of electrical wiring, sewerage, water and gas supply systems, installation of water and gas meters.
Floor screed. During the work process, a sand-concrete composition is used, and after pouring, the surface is leveled.
Interior finishing can be rough or finishing. Many construction companies sell housing with rough finishing, which allows them to reduce the cost of apartments. If the developer carries out a full scope of work, you can immediately move into the resulting property, but the price will be higher.
Exterior finishing - facade treatment, as well as renovation of common areas. When selling apartments with rough finishing, common areas (hall, entrance, staircases) must be completely ready for use.

Arrangement of the local area

The last stage of construction involves landscaping the area near the apartment building. This allows you to solve two problems - comply with the requirements of urban planning regulations and attract potential buyers.

The complex of works for arranging the adjacent area includes planting flower beds and greenery, installing a children's playground near the house, laying paving slabs and creating access roads for transport. Street lighting and parking near the building are also being installed. Elite class houses may have underground parking, a swimming pool and other amenities.

Results

From the above it is clear that the construction of an apartment building includes many stages, and the process itself requires a lot of time. Developers note that the greatest difficulties arise at the stage of creating and approving a project, collecting documents and issuing permits. To speed up construction and reduce the final cost of the project, standard designs are often used.

In the construction of multi-storey buildings there are many nuances that must be taken into account by the developer and other participants in the process - drawing up estimates and designs, obtaining permission to construct a residential structure, collecting documents, and so on. One of the main roles is played by the technologies that are used in the construction process of buildings. It will not be superfluous to know the stages in which construction work takes place. In general, more details about everything.

Building a house is not as difficult as the paperwork preparation procedure. Permission to build houses, drawing up estimates, obtaining permission to open a multi-storey building - all these issues take a lot of time and create serious difficulties for developers.

In fact, there are no problems here. The main thing is to know the nuances of design and drafting of the project, as well as collect the necessary papers in advance. The process of building houses in Moscow (from the design perspective) consists of the following stages:

Documents are being prepared for the construction of residential buildings - individual housing complexes, multi-storey buildings (panel, monolithic) and others. Before starting a project, it is recommended to prepare a complete package of IRDs and submit them for approval to the relevant authorities.

The following points must be taken into account here - estimates, design issues, development of engineering structures, installation of communications, and so on. Wherever construction is carried out (in Moscow or another city), the attitude towards these issues should be the closest. History knows more than one example when, due to inattention to the preparation of the project, the construction of multi-storey buildings was delayed or stopped altogether.

When preparing papers, the norms and requirements specified in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, as well as laws and regulations in force in the construction industry, must be taken into account. To simplify the work, you can take projects of houses already built in Moscow as an example.

Submitting papers to government agencies to obtain permission to begin work. Here, permission from authorized authorities will be required for the construction of a multi-storey building. In Moscow and other cities, papers are submitted to the department dealing with construction and architecture issues. At this stage, all documents must be submitted on time, without deviations from the requirements. An example of filling out certain papers can be studied in advance (there are examples on the Internet).
Protecting the project and making adjustments. It happens that after receiving documents for the construction of a multi-story building, inspection authorities discover a lot of inconsistencies in the papers. In such situations, the project and/or the estimate are returned for revision. It is important to quickly make adjustments and return the papers for re-checking.
Positive conclusion of the state examination for the construction of a multi-story building. All adjustments to the project regarding the construction of a house in Moscow or another locality of the Russian Federation must be agreed upon with the customer and also made taking into account regulatory documents. To avoid wasting time on re-planning or reworking the project, it is worth clarifying the requirements in advance and being interested in changes in the construction industry.
Coordination of papers at the local level. In conclusion, all that remains is to coordinate the documentation for the construction of a house with numerous institutions - the Ministry of Emergency Situations, Research and Development Institute and others. Once all the work is completed, you can move on to the most important thing - the construction of residential buildings (multi-story buildings and other facilities) in Moscow and other cities.

What technologies are popular?

Before analyzing the sequence of actions when building a house, it is worth considering the technologies for constructing residential buildings that are most in demand today:

Monolithic construction. The peculiarity of the technology is that the load-bearing elements of the structure are made of concrete (examples of concrete building elements are walls, ceilings, etc.). The use of this option for building a house allows you to solve several problems at once - reduce costs according to the estimate, achieve greater reliability of the structure, and build a structure of a non-standard shape. The entire process of preparing the solution is carried out directly on the construction site, which simplifies the process. Examples of such buildings in Moscow are numerous new buildings and business centers. It is difficult not to recognize buildings built in this way.
Construction of panel houses. The peculiarity of the technology is its extensive experience, which dates back to the middle of the 20th century. Here, when constructing a residential building (including a multi-story building), ready-made structures (slabs) are used. Such products are prepared in advance at the factory, after which they are transported to the construction site. The advantages of panel buildings of this method are the high speed of construction. Disadvantages: low reliability and short service life. Examples of panel residential buildings in Moscow can be found in large numbers in old areas.
Brick construction is another example of a popular technology that involves constructing a structure using bricks. The advantage of this method of constructing an object is reliability. The downside, unlike panel houses, is significant labor costs.

Stages of building construction

To complete the picture, we present the sequence of actions for the construction of a residential building. The algorithm is as follows:

Selecting a plot of land. When performing this work, many factors must be taken into account - infrastructure, proximity to the center, transport links, impact on the final size of the estimate, and so on. In addition, it is worth considering various technical aspects - water, heat and electricity. For example, the proximity of a power line or heating main to a future facility is only a plus, because it will reduce costs and make the estimate more profitable for the customer. If the power lines are far away, this can lead to an increase in the cost of building a house. It’s worth noting right away that the customer plays a big role. If the city authorities act in this capacity, then it is easier to obtain permission and other papers for the construction of residential buildings.
Geological examination and topological survey. These works are required to calculate the exact location of the object. It also assesses how deep the groundwater flows and whether there are risks of subsidence of a residential building (especially relevant for panel and brick structures). Experts also take into account the characteristics of the relief, the properties of the earth and many other factors. The more detailed the research is, the fewer “surprises” will arise after the completion of the residential building. For example, if the soil is not analyzed carefully after the completion of the project, the building may sag, which will lead to the appearance of cracks in the walls and the impossibility of further operation.
Design. At this stage, the most difficult and important work is performed - a project is drawn up and an estimate is made. It is important that the documents are drawn up taking into account sanitary requirements and existing standards in the construction industry.
Construction. As soon as the permitting papers for the construction of a residential building are received, the developer proceeds to the construction of the facility. At the same time, construction work is also divided into several stages. For example, it all starts with preparing the construction site, then the axis of the object is placed, and then excavation work is carried out. As soon as the preparatory activities have been carried out, the foundation is laid, walls are erected, communications are installed and the roof is laid. After this, the developer installs internal partitions, installs metal-plastic windows and lays communications. But that's not all. The final stages of construction of residential buildings are floor screed, interior and exterior finishing.
Arrangement of the territory. The construction estimate necessarily takes into account the costs of arranging the area near the house - planting trees, arranging children's playgrounds, planting flower beds, and so on.

The above is just an example of a construction plan. But it accurately reflects how important each stage of the construction of the facility plays. That is why the developer is required to have maximum attention and concentration when performing work.

The project declaration for the construction of an apartment building includes a huge amount of different information, the analysis of which can give a potential shareholder an understanding of the reliability of the developer and the approximate appearance of the future house. Read about what data is included in the project declaration and how to determine whether a particular borrower should be trusted.

An agreement on shared participation in the construction of an apartment building is the main document regulating the relationship between the parties when purchasing housing in projects under construction. Registration of relations on the basis of any other document can seriously complicate the life of the shareholder in the future. However, having an equity participation agreement, you also cannot lose sight of some of the nuances that are described in this article.

Construction of apartment buildings

Any construction company is worthy of respect if it is engaged in the construction of individual or apartment buildings, which in the future will be transformed into a huge housing complex of many multi-storey buildings. But not everyone succeeds in bringing such an idea to life. The problem is not only the high cost of the project, but also the difficulties of obtaining consent from the district authorities for the construction of apartment buildings.

In order not to dive into complex terminology, but to speak in simple language, the definition will be as follows. A multi-storey building is a structure in the middle of which private individuals or legal entities are given the right to own rooms, apartments or commercial areas. In such a building there can be two or more apartments at the same time. In addition, each of them has its own personal exit to the courtyard or to rooms for general use, for example, to the landing or to the corridor.

In addition to apartments or rooms, this building (most often on the 1st floor) can accommodate non-residential retail premises. Such areas are used as shops, business offices, and reception areas. And also in a multi-storey building there are premises for common use, stairs and corridors, balconies and loggias, elevators and landings.

The construction of an apartment building can be divided into several stages. These stages imply that the work is carried out efficiently and professionally, because a high-rise structure is a very complex structure, the main criterion of which is to ensure safety measures for residents. Also an important factor will be the creation of comfortable living conditions and the supply of all necessary utilities.

Selection of land area for development

The initial stage in the construction of this structure will be the selection of land area for construction. The selection of a site is carried out according to the plan for the formation of an urban building.

The easiest way would be to obtain land within the city, where there are a small number of houses and the construction of additional residential buildings is planned. The same cannot be said about the city center; the main multi-storey buildings there are located quite densely.

When building multi-storey buildings it is important:

Firstly, you need to take into account the presence of telephone wires for connecting to the Internet and TV. After all, today modern people cannot imagine life without such revolutionary technologies. The closer the required communications are, the lower the initial cost per square meter will be.
Secondly, urban infrastructure plays a significant role in human life. It should be remembered that the close proximity of bus and trolleybus stops, metro stations and supermarkets significantly increases the cost of future apartments.

However, this is not all. Any city has its own urban planning plan, according to which construction is carried out in the next few years. It turns out that it is much easier to obtain the right to build residential apartment buildings in the area where construction will be planned in a certain number of years. And it will be even easier for those construction companies that carry out state special orders.

To avoid cooling and freezing of the external walls of the apartment, experts recommend covering them with insulation.

Once you have obtained permission to build the selected site, you can proceed to the next stage of construction of a multi-storey building. This stage will include geological research and topographic survey of the land area. At this stage it is determined:

proximity to groundwater
general soil condition
climatic conditions
important features of the territory's topography

Based on geological research data, a conclusion is drawn about which technologies and materials to use for construction.

At the design stage, a design plan is carried out for a multi-storey building, as well as the adjacent area and internal rooms, in particular the layout of apartments. Design is the most important step before constructing an apartment building.

The goal of the designers will be the difficult development of the design of the building and surrounding area. It is important that the external interior blends into the city landscape. It will be extremely unpleasant for the residents of the house if the walls of the new building are visible outside their window. It is necessary to follow the urban planning plan in order to avoid such shortcomings.

During the design, the laying of utility networks is also developed. Details. Read about the features of laying water pipes during the construction of multi-storey buildings in this article.

Construction of an apartment building and landscaping of the surrounding area

The third stage in the process of building a house is the construction of an apartment building. It is necessary to finish the facades and interior rooms. At this stage, the help of professional experts in the field of architecture, design, engineering, and engineering will be useful. The building should be connected to the heating, sewer and water supply networks. Telephone communications are connected to the house, and power supply cables are installed to them.

Landscaping consists of the following points:

Laying sidewalks.
Construction of underground or above-ground car parking.
Installation of children's playgrounds.

The better the home is landscaped, the more attractive it will be to buyers.

The construction of multi-apartment buildings in itself is not the most expensive part of finances. It will be very expensive to collect all the necessary documents and connect city communications. But with all this, developers manage to make good money from this business.

Upon completion of construction and tiling work, the construction company hands over the house for operation. Thus, the construction project of an apartment building will depend on many aspects.

In order to build a cottage, you need to spend a lot of money, time and effort. But you can still do it by building apartment buildings.

In addition, difficulties may arise when drawing up documentation for the construction of premises. Despite the fact that problems arise in obtaining permission, it is quite worthwhile and profitable.

Often, the first floors of buildings are rented out for shops, offices, salons, and so on. Starting from the second floor, the premises are converted into apartments. The costs quickly pay off, since the profit is quite large.

If you decide to start building such an apartment building, remember that this project will take a lot of money and effort. Time will also be spent on selling apartments. You can sell apartments quickly only if you sell them at a low price. This should not be done, because your income will be minimal.

Before you start drawing up plans for building an apartment building, you will need to decide in what area you will build it. You must think through every detail because your home must meet all the requirements.

Leave the drawing up of a house project to a special organization that has sufficient experience in this area. Such a company will be able to make all the necessary calculations. As for the construction site, you must choose it yourself.

An apartment building must be connected to all currently available communications, namely: gas supply, electricity supply, sewerage and water supply. If you follow practice, it is best to choose a place to build within the city. It will be better if you build a house on the outskirts of the city. You can also provide a plan in the area where communications will be able to withstand the load.

It is also important that all necessary communications are nearby. This includes a school, a kindergarten, and shops. The condition of the roads in this area will also be important. If the road wants to leave the best, you will need to work on lining up the roads. This will significantly increase the cost of an apartment in a house in such an area.

Also arrange the nearby area (yard), organize an underground floor with parking. Parking will provide you with additional income. This decision has already been approved by many developers. They confirm that this . The main thing is to identify the condition of the soil and find out whether it is possible to build something in this place.

Stages of construction of an apartment building

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Let's summarize all of the above and tell you in basic terms about all the stages of preparation for the construction of a multi-story building.

1. Select a building site. The best option is to join the general urban planning plan. Build the building in a location where residential development will take place over the next few years. Gather all the necessary information about construction options. Find out whether the utility networks can withstand the load of the new multi-story building.

2. Obtain permits to build a house

3. Draw up an estimate and a development project. Do this with the help of special organizations. Choose it based on your preferences and financial capabilities.

4. When starting the construction stage, remember that this is a very important stage. Take all stages of construction seriously: preparing the territory, digging a pit, supplying the necessary communications, laying the foundation, building the house itself. By the way, the price for the foundation is equal to half of all the costs of the construction itself.

The construction of a multi-storey building is the work of many specialists, such as architects, installers, and others. Many design organizations are also involved in construction. When it comes to construction, it becomes immediately clear that there must be contractors and subcontractors - people who create a project for your future home, design its appearance and calculate the structure of the house, and then install it.

If we consider all the works as a whole, there are quite a lot of them. All of them require responsibility and great expense and effort. But in general, building a new residential building is a very profitable and profitable business.

Of course, building a multi-story building is a long process, especially in our country. But there are technologies that make it possible to erect multi-story structures in a matter of days. Here, for example, is a technology from China (based on lightweight metal structures), which allows you to build a full-fledged hotel (without interior decoration, of course) in 90 hours: