Download presentation martial arts. Presentation on physical education on the topic: "Martial arts - one-on-one combat." that the warriors were not just not afraid

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Municipal educational institution "Uzunovskaya secondary school" Martial arts of Ancient Rus'. Research work by Xth grade student Alexander Basmanov. Head: Nacharova Elena Vasilievna.

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Work plan. 1. Introduction. Goals and objectives of the project. 2. Main part. Martial arts of Ancient Rus'. Russian military clothing and weapons 3. Conclusion. Conclusions.

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Goals and objectives. Purpose of the work: to identify the main types of ancient Russian wrestling that have survived to this day. Objectives: - To trace the history of the emergence of types of wrestling of ancient Russian martial art. - Consider the influence of Eastern and Western types of wrestling on the “Russian style”. - Analyze the types of equipment and military armor of ancient warriors

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Martial arts of Ancient Rus'. Martial arts came to us from ancient times, and have more than one thousand years of history. Of course, not one of such ancient arts has survived to this day, and was it even possible to call them martial arts? So, when did martial arts begin, in the form in which we now know them?

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Slavic fighting styles The Slavs, for the most part, were formed as a civilization of “foresters,” that is, inhabitants of forests, and “steppe people,” respectively, inhabitants of steppe regions. Based on this, their fighting style was different. The steppe people had an open fighting style, that is, a straightforward attack, without any tricks. Hence the craving for horse riding and work: at first with heavy long weapons (spears, pikes), then with light and maneuverable ones (checkers, sabers, broadswords). The foresters, on the other hand, were distinguished by more ingenious methods of conducting combat operations. It is typical, for example, when starting a battle in a field, after some time to run into the forest, forcing the enemy to pursue him. And that’s when the enemy, triumphant, rushes after the fleeing army into the forest, and the main action begins. The forest is like a home for a woodsman, and the walls in the house help, in this case there is a huge number of all kinds of traps, and weapons suitable specifically for close combat in the forest (short swords, knives, sticks, clubs, flails).

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"Russian style" Slavic-Goritsky wrestling created by A. Belov (the current pagan name is Selidor), is characterized by a tough, forceful style of fighting using not so much blows - the "Selidorians" perform without gloves - but rather pushes, hooks and sweeps. If a blow is delivered, then, as a rule, it is not with the fist, but with the forearm; this is the so-called “half-handed blow” noted in some epics. The duel takes place not on a level surface, but on a platform imitating a hill, since the Slavic highlanders trace their art to the heroic games of Ancient Rus', which took place on a funeral mound. Close in idea, but not in execution technique, is the so-called “Veles fight”. Its founder is still classified, but it seems that for the first time it appears in schools of applied hand-to-hand combat, cultivated in the Tver region.

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“Officer style" This direction is represented by a whole group of combat schools. It builds its system from the fist fight of men (wall to wall or one on one), additionally relying on ritual dances with elements of a duel, as well as on medieval “duels” - within the framework of " God's court." Such fights in medieval Rus' partly replaced the investigation, trial, and even execution of the sentence. It is difficult to name the founder: as if this system was first "resurrected" by St. Petersburger A. Gruntovsky, but now almost every city has its own "founders", seemingly independent of him. The most notable of them is G. Bazlov from Tver with his school, called "Buza".

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On the basis of what information, in fact, are fighting techniques recreated, and even more so the unique philosophy of martial arts? At best, there are vague, without specific instructions, references to monastic chronicles and epics. But according to professional historians, there are no records of martial arts! Well, in extreme cases, there are extremely vague phrases like: “And often hold tightly and strangle the pechenesin in the hand until death.” And how exactly “stroke” - strangled, broke the backbone, crushed the chest? And how did the Russian hero manage to come close, at such a distance as to “strangle” him? By diving, rolling, or maybe using a hard block? But there are not so many surviving chronicles, they are all quite well studied, and the style of presentation is similar everywhere.

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Russian military clothing and weapons An ancient Russian warrior was difficult to distinguish from an ordinary farmer or hunter. The Rusich's clothing was simple: a shirt, belted with a leather or woven belt, trousers, tied around the legs with linen wraps or tucked into boots. Shoes were bast shoes woven from bast or birch bark, leather pistons (akin to Indian moccasins) and soft leather boots with thick leather soles without heels. The boots were tied with leather straps so that the top remained straight and did not bunch up. Pointed caps were worn on the head. This style of ancient Russian men's suit lasted for many centuries almost without changes.

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Military clothing appears gradually, forming an individual, distinctive style. The type of weapons and clothing depends on the method of conducting military operations. Since the Russians led a peasant-economic (not aggressive) way of life, they also had defensive weapons. Performing the function of protection, the ancient Russian warrior used weapons for hunting (bow, spear, spear) and household tools (axe, knife). Sometimes communities united to resist a powerful enemy. Weapons captured in battles fell into the hands of those warriors who, as the strongest, occupied first place in the ranks. Naturally, older people and youths covered the rear; they had the simplest weapons - a wooden spear and a knife.

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During the time of Kievan Rus (IX–XI centuries), the social structure changed. Large cities and surrounding settlements appeared, in contrast to the previously existing separate tribal communities. Cities became craft and trade centers. The further development of blacksmithing contributed to the improvement of military clothing. At the same time, in the 10th century, ringed armor - chain mail (as it was called in Rus') began to be widely used. Chain mail as a type of protective clothing, known since ancient times in Assyria and Iran, among the Romans and their closest neighbors, later spread throughout Europe. Slavic craftsmen became famous for the quality of their products in the East, and later in Europe. Chain mail was widely used and was available not only to noble warriors, but also to foot militia.

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A balaclava made of leather and felt softened the blows, and in winter it was used instead of a hat. The helmet itself was assembled from several plates connected with rivets. The main shape is cone-shaped, with a rod at the top, into which the leaders of the detachments inserted a small red flag. An adjustable nose guard was attached to the front, protecting the face from blows. A chainmail aventail lined with leather or linen was attached to the sides and back of the helmet, which served as protection for the warrior’s neck and shoulders. On the neck, under the chin, the aventail was folded to the left and fastened with a button, thus carefully covering the neck and front.

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The main weapon of the warriors was a sword - straight, wide, double-edged, with a hilt that had a cross. It was worn in a wooden sheath covered with leather. In addition to the sword, the weapons of ancient Russian warriors have long been axes, axes, pikes, spears with a long (up to 60 cm) and wide tip, small pikes - sulitsa, butt (a typical weapon of an ordinary warrior with a short, up to 30 cm, wooden handle, with a on a short chain of weights), clubs - clubs covered with iron and studded with nails, a bow in the arm and a quiver with arrows.

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In the 16th century The shield as a type of defensive weapon ceased to be used by Russian troops. At this time, new types of protective clothing using chain mail appeared, borrowed from the nomadic peoples of the East - kolontar, yushman and bakhterets. Yushman was worn over chain mail, had the appearance of a jacket with a full slit in the front from the neck to the hem, and was fastened with hooks and loops on the chest and belt fasteners on the plates. Large horizontal plates were woven onto the back and chest, with an allowance one on top of the other - up to a hundred plates. The warrior in the yushman was inactive.

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The bakhterets consisted of two short, hip-length parts, connected at the shoulders and sides with belts with metal buckles. Bakhterets was made from armored (flattened) rings, covered from top to bottom with vertical rows of narrow oblong plates connected at the edges by rings. 9 thousand rings and more than 1.5 thousand plates were used to make the bakhterets. Bakhterets was the most elastic and reliable protective vestment against sabers and arrows. Appeared at the end of the 14th century. Firearms began to be used regularly only in the 17th century. By this time, all types of ancient armor ceased to be used by Russian troops. Thus ends the long age of chain mail in Rus'.

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Conclusion. The main types of Russian wrestling that exist today confirm the idea that ancient Russian martial art, based on strength, agility, honesty and respect for the enemy, allows one to cultivate the most positive qualities in a person and has a huge moral influence on those who are interested in these types of wrestling . The Russian style, which has raised more than one generation of honest warriors, has, however, changed somewhat over the past hundreds of years, absorbed the best aspects of martial arts, but still retained its originality: daring, enthusiasm, strength and decency towards an opponent.

Development of hand-to-hand combat

Mikhailin Anton Gennadievich physical education teacher MAOU Secondary School No. 45 Kaliningrad

Hand-to-hand combat -

fight without the use of firearms, or without weapons at all ( in this sense, this is not wrestling in the sporting sense; the fighter’s goal is to destroy the enemy in the shortest possible time, fulfilling the combat mission and order);
close combat with the active use of edged weapons and point-blank shooting ( as a type of combat in a broader sense);
a military-applied scientific and educational discipline that studies the use of edged weapons in combat or combat without weapons;
combat sports, usually considered as part of the training system for soldiers of the army and various law enforcement agencies.

Hand-to-hand combat is a unique science of deep spirituality and physical improvement of a person, an integrated approach to the formation of a student’s personality: children and adolescents studying hand-to-hand combat should become physically developed, disciplined, self-confident, calm, possessing positive thinking, which will increase their results in others activities and improve their health.
The philosophy of hand-to-hand combat presupposes the ability to survive, defend against enemies, preserve one’s family and develop the culture of one’s state.
The basis of “military morality” are the principles: “cause the least harm to the enemy,” “use the enemy’s strength, not your own,” “you will get weapons in battle” - the ability to act in accordance with these principles can be considered the pinnacle of hand-to-hand combat.

And in hand-to-hand combat
everything is the other way around
grabs and throws
were prohibited, but kicks and punches were allowed.

Show nobility.
Uphold justice.
Respect elders.
Protect the weak.
Help those in need.
Do not use strength and skill for evil.
Do not teach people with bad inclinations.

Development of hand-to-hand combat before our era

In the era of the Old Kingdom, games reminiscent of military operations and captive captures were popular among children.

During the era of the Middle Kingdom, the number of troops increased, which was associated with campaigns in Western Asia. There is evidence that wrestling began to be used for training troops.

During the New Kingdom period, professional warriors appeared. In addition, there is a hypothesis that the troops included special detachments of fighters. This is evidenced by a drawing (circa 1410 BC) depicting a group of Nubian warriors with a standard depicting two fighters.

The most common of them were wrestling, fist fighting, stick fighting, running, as well as boat competitions, the goal of which was to overturn a boat with an enemy crew using special long sticks.

HAND-HAND COMBAT AT THE BEGINNING OF AD

Developing martial arts, Taoist masters developed poking methods of influencing various parts of the human body, both with bare hands and with weapons. Poke strikes were used not only in fist fighting, but also in fencing with spears (strikes were delivered not only with the tip, but also with the blunt end), sticks (poles), and swords (strike with the hilt or scabbard). Hitting vulnerable points was also the basis of the technique of poking strikes when using improvised weapons - nuntyaku (short clubs on a sling and tonfa - a short stick with a transverse handle).

HAND-HAND COMBAT IN Rus' VI - XIV centuries

Rus' spent two-thirds of its existence in wars. This allowed me to accumulate vast experience in martial arts. Bogatyrism in Rus' - valor, courage and bravery of warriors, their sacrifice for the sake of victory was based on the way of life and in the upbringing of the Russians. In Rus' they were not afraid of death and prepared for it from birth. I would especially like to emphasize

that the warriors were not just not afraid

death or despised it,

but they rejoiced at it - death for the good,

dying with joy and a smile on his face.

There was no artificial preparation for death, as in the East, which keeps a person in fear throughout his life. In Rus' they prepared for death as for another unearthly life, and to die for the fatherland and for one’s friends was considered a great honor.

In Rus' they prepared for death as for another unearthly life, and to die for the fatherland and for one’s friends was considered a great honor.

Hand-to-hand combat in modern times

Army hand-to-hand combat is the most hand-to-hand combat in the world!

Hand-to-hand combat

working with a stick

¨Kendo (Japanese: 剣道/剑道, けんどう, kendo, tsurugi no michi, “way of the sword”) is a modern martial art of Japanese fencing with bamboo swords. Derived from ancient Japanese sword techniques. The goal is to form a full-fledged personality and strong character, strengthening the will and body of a fencer. In modern Japan it is considered as one of the sports. There is a movement to include kendo in the Olympic Games.

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Theme: Kendo

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Kendo (Japanese: 剣道/剑道, けんどう, kendo, tsurugi no michi, “way of the sword”) is a modern martial art of Japanese fencing with bamboo swords. Derived from ancient Japanese sword techniques. The goal is to form a full-fledged personality and strong character, strengthening the will and body of a fencer. In modern Japan it is considered as one of the sports. There is a movement to include kendo in the Olympic Games.

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The name "kendo" was created by the Greater Japan Martial Virtue Society (大日本武徳会), which appeared in 1895 with the goal of reviving samurai traditions and strengthening the "Japanese spirit" among Japanese youth. The main method of action of the Society was fencing lessons in physical education classes in schools. The old name "kenjutsu", meaning "sword technique", replaced the broader and deeper term "kendo" - "way of the sword".

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The basic definition of the concept of kendo, as well as the approach to and management of training, is determined by the Japanese Kendo Federation.

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Kendo is the way of forming a person through tempering by the law of the sword. The word “sword” (剣) contains the main ideas of kendo. The first idea is that a man armed with a sword has no right to make a mistake and has no opportunity to correct it. Accordingly, both in a duel and in everyday life, everything should be taken seriously. The second idea boils down to the fact that no two situations are the same: each enemy in battle should be approached with a renewed spirit and fervor. Therefore, the word “sword” in kendo is perceived primarily as a weapon that trains the human spirit. The “laws” (理法) refer to the three components necessary to carry out a successful strike. These are the “law of the sword” (刀法), which is to strike correctly, the “law of the body” (身法), which is to strike with the correct posture, and the “law of the heart” (心法), which means being cheerful and energy of spirit upon impact. That is, “hardening by the laws of the sword” is the constant improvement of one’s technical skills, physical fitness and mental state.

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The “path” in kendo is the path of improving a person, “forming” him as a person. It is impossible to become perfect, therefore the process itself - “formation” and improvement, and not the result - “formation” and perfection, is one of the cornerstones of the philosophy of this martial art.

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The origins of Kendo are closely related to the history of martial arts in Japan. During the Kamakura period (1185 -1233), fencing, along with archery and spear wielding, was an integral part of the training of a samurai warrior. However, for four centuries the sword was not used as the main weapon, but had an auxiliary function. The scope of its application was self-defense in the absence of other weapons, cutting off the enemy’s heads and ritual suicide by seppuku. Only with the advent of the peaceful Edo era (1603-1868), when samurai were officially allowed to carry only swords as weapons, did fencing gain wide popularity among the military population. At the beginning of the 17th century, dozens of schools appeared that offered potential students the keys to learning the secrets of sword technique. These schools were heavily influenced by the Zen Buddhist sect.

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The most famous among them were Itto-ryu (一刀流 - the school of one sword), Muto-ryu (无刀流 - the school without swords) and Munenmuso-ryu (无念无想流 - the school of "don't think, don't think"). The first school emphasized one main blow, treating other techniques as derivatives of it. The second taught “that the sword does not exist from the outside” and first trained the will of the swordsman. The third proved the technique of wielding a sword to a reflex, so that the samurai fenced reflexively - “without thinking.”

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For many centuries, wooden swords were used during training, which caused severe injuries to students (they are still used in kendo when performing kata). However, the reforms of mentor Naganuma Kunisato (1688-1767), who introduced bamboo Shinai swords and bogu weapons, reduced the number of injuries. From the end of the 18th century, sword fencing already resembled modern kendo.

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With the Meiji Restoration (1868), European firearms displaced the samurai sword from use. However, its widespread use by soldiers in the Sino-Japanese War of 1895 restored the weapon to its well-deserved glory. Established in 1895, the Greater Japan Martial Virtue Society popularized sword fencing among youth, and in 1920 changed the various names of fencing techniques to "kendo". This year is considered the official birth year of this martial art. Raising morale by shouting “hey! To her! ABOUT!"

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The popularity of kendo increased as Western pressure on Japan increased. Simplified fencing became widespread among schoolchildren and educated patriotic youth. The first three kendo competitions for the country's Emperor's Cup were held in 1929, 1934 and 1940. After Japan's defeat in World War II in 1945, the American occupation authorities banned the teaching of kendo in schools as a harmful educational practice that contributed to the spread of Japanese nationalism. The following year, the Greater Japan Martial Virtue Society was dissolved and the fencing teachers were fired from their jobs.

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Since 1950, the American pressure has weakened. The All Japan Sports Kendo Federation was formed. Two years later, the ban on kendo was lifted, and the word “sports” (全日本剣道连盟) was removed from the name of the Federation. In 1953, fencing classes were restored in schools. After kendo's reputation was restored, it developed in Japan and even became popular abroad. In 1970, the International Kendo Federation was formed to coordinate foreign Japanese fencing clubs. In 2003, it included kendo organizations and clubs from 44 countries.

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- kendogi jacket (剣道着); - wide bloomer-like hakama pants (袴); - towel headband men tenugui (面手拭) or men taoru (面タオル). - Armor of God (防具): - Protective Belt of Tare (垂れ); - Protective breastplate-cuirass do (胴); - Protective helmet-mask men (面); - Protective mittens kote (小手).

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- Large bamboo sword shinai (竹刀); - Small bamboo sword koshinai (小竹刀) - used only by swordsmen competing with two swords.

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In modern kendo, there are three main kamae (構え) positions that a fencer can take during a fight: Upper jodan position (上段の構え) - the sword is held with both hands high above the head at an angle of 45 degrees; Middle position chudan (中段の構え) - the sword is held with both hands so that the end of the hilt is directed towards the swordsman's stomach, and the end of the blade is towards the opponent's throat; Low position gedan (下段の構え) - the sword is held with both hands in the same way as in the middle position, with the difference that the end of the sword is directed downward and fixed at the level of the opponent’s knee. In addition to these basic positions, there are many others that are used in a group of systematized kata techniques, but not in a real fight. A feature of kendo positions is the posture of the legs: the right one is pushed slightly forward, and the left one is removed from it at a distance of one fist. The left leg takes over 70% of the fencer's body and is the supporting leg. It makes an attack on the enemy.

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There are two types of sword strikes in kendo - slashing and thrusting. They are applied to the four parts of the body, which are protected by the armor of the god. There are three main types of slashing blows: - Meng (面) - a blow to the head; - Kote (小手) - blow to the wrist; - K (胴) - blow to the torso; - There is only one stabbing blow - tsuki (突き) - a blow to the throat. All blows are delivered with the left hand. The right one only guides them. When struck, the name of the technique is announced. For example, a blow to the head is accompanied by the exclamation “men”, a blow to the torso is accompanied by the exclamation “do”.

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The main places where strikes are made in kendo. A fight in kendo always takes the form of a duel. This rule also applies to group competitions. The fight takes place in the following order. Both fencers enter the ring. Having bowed to the judges and each other, they take three steps towards their opponent and crouch. With a cry of “Hajime! "(" Begin! ") the athletes rise and begin the fight. Victory remains with the one who shows more techniques and earns more than one point during the time allotted for the fight (for adults 5 minutes, for schoolchildren 4-3 minutes).

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The place of the fight is a square ring, the length of one side of which is 9 or 11 meters. Polringa is a wooden covering made of boards. The boundaries of the ring are marked with white adhesive tape.

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Effective techniques are considered to be blows performed in the following specific places of the god's armor: - Strikes on the wrist of the cat: - Strike of the cat (regular strike); - Hidari-kote strike (strike to the left wrist); - Hiki-kote strike (a blow to the wrist, which is accompanied by a retreat from the enemy). Strikes to the head: - Men strike (regular strike); - Migiya-men strike (hit to the head from the right); - Hidari-men blow (left blow to the head); - Hiki-man strike (a blow to the head, which is accompanied by a retreat from the enemy); - Kote-men strike (a combination technique with a strike to the wrist and head in turn). Strikes to the torso: - Strike to (regular strike); - Hiki-do strike (a blow to the right side of the torso, which is accompanied by a retreat from the enemy); - Gyaku-do strike (strike to the left side of the torso). - Tsuki throat strike (regular strike) - prohibited for beginners and young schoolchildren. These techniques have several varieties, which depend on the situation in which they were performed.

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The rating of a successful technique is called ippon (本). He is appointed by the judges of the fight. According to the regulation of the All Japan Kendo Federation, a point is counted when the technique has been performed: “For strong shouts, correct posture, a correct blow with the sword-sena on a certain place, and a successful return to the starting position (残心 - zanshin) after the blow. These conditions are components of the basic principle of kendo ki ken tai iti (気剣体) - the unity of spirit, sword and body. When these conditions are met, the judge raises the flag and scores a point.

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A double violation of the rules during a fight gives the violator's opponent one point. Among the violations are the following: - Leaving the ring; - Loss of the sword - Sinai during the battle; - Sloppy clothing and armor; - Exceeding the standard length of the helmet-mask cords is 40 cm; - Hand touching the sword above the hilt (i.e. touching the hypothetical blade).

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The fight is judged by 3 judges. They hold two flags in their hands: red and white, which match the colors of the ribbons attached to the backs of the fencers. If one of the athletes performs an effective technique, the judge raises a flag that matches the color of his ribbon. If two of the three judges raise the flag, 1 point is counted.

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The judge has the right to stop the match with the command “Yame” (“Stop!”). He does this in the following situations: - when the fencer, raising one hand, demands a time-out; - when both fencers have been in the position of crossed tsuba-jiriai guards for a long time; - when one of the fencers fell; - when there was a violation of the rules; - when the judges are about to make a decision on a controversial issue.

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Description of the presentation by individual slides:

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Presentation on the topic: “Martial arts - one-on-one combat” Prepared by: Nadezhda Georgievna Pavlova, physical education teacher, MBOU NSSH DS “Nadezhda”, Vyazma Prepared by: Nadezhda Georgievna Pavlova, physical education teacher MBOU NSDS DS “Nadezhda”, Vyazma

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The need to protect themselves and their loved ones in deadly situations pushes modern men to take up martial arts. And given the specifics of the physical load that the body receives during the training process, more and more girls are beginning to master the rules of wrestling. This is a type of sporting competition in which two participants confront each other physically in order to determine who will be the winner in the fight, and either only physical force, or sports equipment or bladed weapons can be used. It must be remembered that martial arts and martial arts are different concepts. The need to protect themselves and their loved ones in deadly situations pushes modern men to take up martial arts. And given the specifics of the physical load that the body receives during the training process, more and more girls are beginning to master the rules of wrestling. Martial arts can be viewed from two sides: 1. This is a fight between two opponents without the use of firearms; 2. This is a type of sports competition in which two participants confront each other physically in order to determine who will be the winner in the fight, and either only physical force, or sports equipment or edged weapons can be used. It must be remembered that martial arts and martial arts are different concepts.

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Combat sports are a type of sports competition in which two opponents try to inflict a maximum physical blow on each other using physical techniques or with the help of special equipment or bring a competitor to a losing position, while defending their position. This sport is associated with increased injuries, so a special role is given to protective equipment: gloves, helmets, masks. Combat sports are a type of sports competition in which two opponents try to inflict a maximum physical blow on each other using physical techniques or with the help of special equipment or bring a competitor to a losing position, while defending their position. This sport is associated with increased injuries, so a special role is given to protective equipment: gloves, helmets, masks.

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Types of martial arts FEATURES Combat sports are suitable for people of almost any age and are a good way of physical and psychological relaxation. They develop dexterity, strength, stretch muscles, increase tone, performance, improve physical fitness, and improve health. One of the features of this sport is its diversity: everyone can choose their own wrestling and training program in accordance with the characteristics of the body, the presence of diseases and the philosophy of life. An important difference between combat sports and other sports is the opportunity to master self-defense skills. Another distinctive feature of this sport is the mandatory presence of an experienced instructor from whom you can learn basic martial arts techniques. Ideas of martial arts

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Boxing: athletes in the ring punch each other with gloved fists, the fight lasts 3-12 rounds. The winner is the fighter who managed to knock the opponent down (if he was unable to get up within 10 seconds) or if the fighter inflicted an injury that prevents the opponent from fighting further. Boxing was finally included in the Olympic sports in 1920. Boxing: athletes in the ring punch each other with gloved fists, the fight lasts 3-12 rounds. The winner is the fighter who managed to knock the opponent down (if he was unable to get up within 10 seconds) or if the fighter inflicted an injury that prevents the opponent from fighting further. Boxing was finally included in the Olympic sports in 1920.

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Wrestling: a martial art that involves a competition between two athletes trying to defeat each other through the use of special techniques. Wrestlers are prohibited from using striking techniques; they are allowed to fight in a standing position, lying down, or on their knees. Wrestling: a martial art that involves a competition between two athletes trying to defeat each other through the use of special techniques. Wrestlers are prohibited from using striking techniques; they are allowed to fight in a standing position, lying down, or on their knees.

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Freestyle wrestling: this type of martial arts involves the wrestling of athletes using techniques such as trips, grabs, flips, throws. Opponents try to put each other on their shoulder blades. Freestyle wrestling became part of the Olympic Games program in 1904. Freestyle wrestling: this type of martial arts involves the wrestling of athletes using techniques such as trips, grabs, flips, throws. Opponents try to put each other on their shoulder blades. Freestyle wrestling became part of the Olympic Games program in 1904.

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Greco-Roman wrestling: refers to the European type of martial arts. The athlete’s task is to use certain techniques to put the opponent on his shoulder blades; trips, hooks, hooks and other kicking techniques are prohibited. In the program of the Olympic Games - since 1896. Types of martial arts Greco-Roman wrestling: refers to the European type of martial arts. The athlete’s task is to use certain techniques to put the opponent on his shoulder blades; trips, hooks, hooks and other kicking techniques are prohibited. In the program of the Olympic Games - since 1896.

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Judo: a Japanese martial art based on throws, holds, painful techniques on the ground and in a standing position. Judo: a Japanese martial art based on throws, holds, painful techniques on the ground and in a standing position.

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Taekwondo: Korean martial arts is distinguished by the presence of high jumps, the ability to kick. Taekwondo: Korean martial arts is distinguished by the presence of high jumps, the ability to kick.

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Fencing: two athletes try to inflict a certain number of thrusts on each other using special equipment (sword), trying to avoid the opponent's thrust. Fencing: two athletes try to inflict a certain number of thrusts on each other using special equipment (sword), trying to avoid the opponent's thrust.

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Mixed martial arts is a form of martial arts that combines different martial arts and martial arts. They combine a large number of schools, techniques and areas of martial arts. During the fight, wrestling can be carried out both in a standing position and on the floor. The origins of this type of martial arts go back to the first Olympic Games, but despite this, until 1990 it was not particularly popular in the world. Early competitions had minimal rules and looked like a "bloodbath", so additional restrictions were introduced to improve the safety of athletes and attract new spectators. Mixed martial arts. It represents a confrontation between people who engage in various types of martial arts. There are different fighting schools here, and the fight itself can take place both on the floor and in a standing position.

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In martial arts, the main goal is to survive in a deadly situation, and in case of death, to cause maximum harm to the enemy. The martial arts training program includes techniques that help protect oneself from several opponents and the use of various improvised means that may be useful in a real combat situation. In martial arts, the main goal is to survive in a deadly situation, and in case of death, to cause maximum harm to the enemy. The martial arts training program includes techniques that help protect oneself from several opponents and the use of various improvised means that may be useful in a real combat situation.

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Eastern martial arts combine centuries-honed technique and the wisdom of Eastern philosophy. Every sport is traumatic, but oddly enough, martial arts are not the most dangerous sport. In terms of injury risk, various types of martial arts are statistically ranked 17-27. People who regularly engage in martial arts are much less likely to get sick, this is due to moderate physical activity, which activates the body's defense mechanisms and improves immunity. But martial arts have a positive effect not only on physical development, they also increase mental performance. Eastern martial arts combine centuries-honed technique and the wisdom of Eastern philosophy. Every sport is traumatic, but oddly enough, martial arts are not the most dangerous sport. In terms of injury risk, various types of martial arts are statistically ranked 17-27. People who regularly engage in martial arts are much less likely to get sick, this is due to moderate physical activity, which activates the body's defense mechanisms and improves immunity. But martial arts have a positive effect not only on physical development, they also increase mental performance.

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Combat sports are suitable for people of almost any age and are a good way of physical and psychological relaxation. They develop dexterity, strength, stretch muscles, increase tone, performance, improve physical fitness, and improve health. One of the features of this sport is its diversity: everyone can choose their own wrestling and training program in accordance with the characteristics of the body, the presence of diseases and the philosophy of life. An important difference between combat sports and other sports is the opportunity to master self-defense skills. Another distinctive feature of this sport is the mandatory presence of an experienced instructor from whom you can learn basic martial arts techniques. “Meet not on the battlefield, but on the sports field” - this is the motto of the Federation of Integrated Martial Arts.

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On the basis of what information, in fact, are fighting techniques recreated, and even more so the unique philosophy of martial arts? On the basis of what information, in fact, are fighting techniques recreated, and even more so the unique philosophy of martial arts?

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Another source of information from which supporters of Russian martial arts allegedly draw information are techniques “seen” during expeditions around Russia. All that remains is to take their word for it: for some reason, all these techniques are suspiciously reminiscent of Japanese-Chinese developments. And how can we explain the fact that these elements of martial art were not noticed earlier - for example, at the very beginning of the century, when there was a strong surge of interest in various martial arts systems? Another source of information from which supporters of Russian martial arts allegedly draw information are techniques “seen” during expeditions around Russia. All that remains is to take their word for it: for some reason, all these techniques are suspiciously reminiscent of Japanese-Chinese developments. And how can we explain the fact that these elements of martial art were not noticed earlier - for example, at the very beginning of the century, when there was a strong surge of interest in various martial arts systems?