INTRODUCTION
The purpose of my course project is to design a multi-storey residential building that meets all modern requirements.
The main purpose of architecture has always been the creation of a living environment necessary for human existence, the nature and comfort of which were determined by the level of development of society, its culture, the achievements of science and technology. This living environment, called architecture, is embodied in buildings that have an inner space, complexes of buildings and structures that organize outdoor space - streets, squares and cities.
In the modern sense, architecture is the art of designing and constructing buildings, structures and their complexes. It organizes all life processes. In terms of its emotional impact, architecture is one of the most significant and ancient arts. The power of her artistic images constantly affects a person, because his whole life is surrounded by architecture. At the same time, the creation of a production architecture requires significant expenditures of social labor and time. Therefore, the range of requirements for architecture, along with functional with functional expediency, convenience and beauty, includes the requirements of technical expediency and economy. In addition to the rational layout of the premises, corresponding to certain functional processes, the convenience of all buildings is ensured by the correct distribution of stairs, elevators, placement of equipment and engineering devices (sanitary appliances, heating, ventilation). Thus, the form of a building is largely determined by a functional pattern, but at the same time it is built according to the laws of beauty.
I. INITIAL DATA:
A 9-storey residential building with 36 apartments is located in Aktobe, the house belongs to multi-storey residential buildings of the corridor type.
The climate of the region is temperate continental.
Foundations - reinforced concrete;
The walls are brick;
Coating - rolled.
II. GENERAL PLAN:
The projected residential building is located in one of the quarters of microdistrict 12 of the city of Aktobe. In this quarter there are: 9 and 10-storey residential buildings, a 3-storey building of a shopping center, a post office building. The quarter as part of the microdistrict is provided with a network of cultural and consumer services enterprises.
At the development site, sidewalks are arranged with a width of 1.5 m, intra-quarter driveways - 3.5 m, quarter driveways - 3.5 m. The footpaths are paved. The site is not landscaped.
In the center of the quarter there is a convenient road junction, car parking, ensuring the elimination of traffic jams and the accumulation of cars at the edge of the road.
III. SPACE-PLANNING SOLUTION:
3.1 Types of apartments and their planning features:
In the designed 9-storey residential building, the typical floor plan, according to the assignment (1-2-2-2-3-3), consists of apartments:
One one-room apartment Sqtotal = 47.65 m2.;
Two two-room apartments Sqtotal = 67.65m2;
One two-room apartment Sqtotal = 68.80m2;
Two three-room apartments Sqtotal = 85.50m2.
Three-room apartments have the same layout and area.
All apartments are distinguished by large areas, dividing the space of the apartment into zones: “quiet”, in which the bedrooms are located, and “noisy”.
One two-room apartment has: a large, comfortable entrance hall, the dimensions of which allow you to place the necessary furniture; separate bathroom and toilet; comfortable kitchen, large common room, bedroom, one balcony. The remaining two two-room apartments have a less comfortable entrance hall, its dimensions do not allow placing a lot of furniture, only the most necessary, separate bathroom and toilet; comfortable kitchen, large common room, bedroom, one balcony and dressing room.
Each three-room apartment has a small entrance hall; separate bathroom and toilet; bedrooms located in the "quiet zone", a large common room and kitchen, two combined balconies.
One-room apartment has: a small entrance hall, separate bathroom and toilet, dressing room for clothes, kitchen and large common room, balcony.
3.2 Planning features of a residential building:
The designed 9-storey residential building is characterized by its compact space-planning structure and floor-by-floor grouping of apartments directly around the staircase-elevator unit, which consists of a permanent staircase, a passenger elevator with a carrying capacity of 500 kg.
All apartments of the residential building are provided with the necessary conditions of insolation.
The designed building provides for a basement for the placement of engineering communications, which has a separate exit directly to the street. On the last floor there is a fireproof staircase leading to the upper technical floor.
IV. CONSTRUCTION SOLUTION:
Structurally, the building is designed as a frameless building with longitudinal and transverse brick load-bearing walls, with reinforced concrete floor panels.
The spatial rigidity and stability of the building are ensured by the interface of the outer walls with the inner ones, with the floor decks resting on these walls and attached to them with the help of reinforcing anchors.
The structure of the storey ceiling forms a rigid horizontal disk, which increases the spatial rigidity of the building.
4.1 Foundation - support of the house:
Foundation - the underground part of a building or structure that receives the load from the above-ground part of the building and transfers it to the base (soil).
This building has a prefabricated reinforced concrete foundation.
Prefabricated foundations consist of cushion slabs laid in the base of the foundations and wall blocks, which are the walls of the underground part of the building.
4.2 External walls:
The walls of the building are designed to protect and protect against impacts. environment and transfer loads from the structures located above - ceilings and coatings to the foundation.
During the construction of the walls of the building, manual masonry is used with horizontal and vertical bandaging of the seams. Solid ceramic bricks are used for laying exterior and interior walls.
The laying of the walls is carried out on a cement-sand mortar. The thickness of the outer walls is determined on the basis of a heat engineering calculation.
In this project:
The bearing layer is made of silicate brick,
External - silicate brick.
Walls are the main element of the building, so they must have the necessary strength, durability, sound and heat insulation, fire resistance and expressiveness.
4.3 Floors:
Ceilings - horizontal load-bearing and enclosing structures that divide buildings into floors and perceive loads from their own weight, the weight of vertical enclosing structures, stairs, as well as from the weight of interior items, equipment and people on them. These loads are transferred from the floors to the load-bearing walls of the building.
In this building, a floor was designed, consisting of multi-hollow reinforced concrete slabs.
Ceilings provide sound and heat insulation, they also meet the high requirements of rigidity and bending strength.
4.4 Internal walls and partitions:
Partitions are internal vertical enclosing structures in buildings. Partitions perform enclosing functions in the building. Partitions are brick. Partitions are installed on floor slabs on a layer of roofing felts.
Floors in residential buildings must meet the requirements of strength, wear resistance, sufficient elasticity, noiselessness, and ease of cleaning. When choosing a floor structure, the mode of operation, interior architecture and the economic feasibility of using individual materials are taken into account.
The floor structure is considered as the soundproofing capacity of the floor plus the soundproofing of the floor structure. The floor covering in the apartments is made of parquet boards along the logs with a hollow structure of the underlying layer, the floor of the first floor is made of parquet boards along the logs with a layer of insulation.
In the bathrooms, floors are made of ceramic tiles over a layer of built-up waterproofing.
Mosaic floors are adopted in the corridors, vestibules, stairwells. The positive aspects of these floors are their hygiene and noiselessness. The negative side is the high labor intensity, which also increases the construction time.
In the basement, the floor is made of cement-coated concrete on compacted soil below the clearance level.
4.6 Roof:
Roof - a structure that protects the building from atmospheric precipitation and is the upper enclosure of the building. The roof is designed as a gable roof, the covering is rolled.
To organize the drainage of water from the roof, downpipes made of galvanized steel are arranged in the inner part of the walls.
For vertical communications, an elevator team made of monolithic concrete shaft with the installation of an elevator installation with a load capacity of = 500 kg and a speed of 1 m / s is provided. The machine room of the elevator is placed on the roof, which makes it possible to reduce the length of the leading ropes by almost three times, simplify the kinematic scheme of the elevator, and reduce the load on bearing structures buildings, abandon the device of a special room for blocks. Thus, the cost of the elevator and operating costs are greatly reduced. However, such an upper location.
4.8 Ladder:
In the building being designed, a two-flight staircase made of prefabricated reinforced concrete elements is used. Marches of slab construction without frieze steps. From the staircase there is access to the roof via a metal staircase equipped with a fireproof door. The staircase has artificial and natural lighting through window openings. All doors in the stairwell and in the vestibule open towards the exit from the building. The railing of the stairs is made of metal links and has a PVC handrail.
4.9 Windows and doors:
Windows largely determine the degree of comfort in the building and its architectural and artistic design. The windows are selected in accordance with GOST, in accordance with the areas of the illuminated premises. The top of the windows is as close to the ceiling as possible, which provides better illumination in the back of the room. In the building being designed, window blocks with plastic separate window frames with double glazing are used. Plastic window structures are resistant to changes in air humidity and do not rot. The advantage is that they have good sound insulation.
The design of multi-storey residential buildings, as well as residential complexes, requires the development of technical documentation, the list of which is regulated by current standards. The list of documents is approved by the Customer at the stage of signing the contract between the parties.
When developing a project for a multi-storey residential building, the following factors are taken into account:
- terrain features;
- soil type;
- proximity to transport routes;
- building density.
In the process of designing residential buildings, the everyday needs of future residents are also taken into account: the proximity of grocery and manufactured goods stores, service departments. For comfortable living of people with handicapped ramps, lifts and a special layout of footpaths are provided.
Particular attention is paid to the design of the local area - an important component of a comfortable and cozy stay. As part of the resolution of this issue, it is envisaged:
- playgrounds;
- squares;
- recreation areas, etc.
Creating a comfortable adjacent territory in residential complexes helps to increase the attractiveness of the object.
When developing the project, the interests of various target groups are taken into account. Drawings of apartments with different layouts, usable area and number of rooms are created. The features of living on the first and other floors are taken into account.
The design of houses is carried out in accordance with the social infrastructure of the microdistrict: traffic flows, shopping centers, cultural recreation facilities, etc.
Design of residential microdistricts
The development of the project of a residential area is carried out in such a way that the latter can function normally in isolation from the rest of the city.
The infrastructure of the microdistrict should include:
- schools and preschool institutions;
- clinics and hospitals;
- grocery and department stores;
- other facilities providing daily household services to the population.
When designing a residential microdistrict, individual buildings may not be detailed in the documents, or this is done at the very end. The main attention is paid to the planning of infrastructure facilities, transport interchanges and engineering systems.
Housing classes in the design of apartment buildings
To meet the needs of various groups of the population, the designed residential buildings are divided into four classes:
- Business Class;
- Economy class;
- municipal;
- specialized.
According to the existing classification, the economy class and the municipal class represent housing for mass development, the business class are objects of increased comfort.
Economy class and municipal class. When designing multi-apartment residential buildings, such housing is most often used. It is characterized by architectural monotony, minimal areas of rooms, etc.
Business Class. Such housing is characterized by an improved layout of apartments, special facade cladding, underground parking, variable number of floors, etc. The ceiling height in the rooms is from 2.7 m.
Such buildings are characterized by a unique architectural appearance, landscape design territory, energy-saving glazing, etc.
Work examples
Stages of work
architectural concept
Development of preliminary architectural and space-planning solutions for the construction site, including the development of AGR
Obtaining initial permit documentation (IRD)
- Obtaining a GPU
- Performing engineering surveys
- Performing a building survey (if required)
- Receipt Specifications and etc
Project documentation
Development of project documentation at the stage of "Project documentation" in accordance with the requirements of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 87 dated February 16, 2008, to the extent necessary for the examination of project documentation
Coordination of project documentation
Obtaining all necessary approvals, including passing the examination of project documentation and obtaining a building permit.
working documentation
Development of working drawings in the amount necessary for construction and installation works
Conducting architectural supervision of the construction of the design object
Carefully carried out engineering calculations and preparation of technical documentation guarantee exceptional reliability, functionality and energy efficiency of the buildings under construction.
Buildings are designed in full compliance with current building codes and regulations. Each object designed by our architects is a unique building, characterized by comfort, functionality and ergonomics.
The advanced trends that are used in the design of buildings are reflected in strict proportions and elegant facades, well-thought-out layout of premises and communications, as well as full-fledged natural insolation of the internal space and compliance with the requirements for accessibility of buildings by people with limited mobility.
The absence of intermediaries. The project is developed by one organization, which guarantees compliance with deadlines and more favorable price conditions.
We guarantee:
- fulfillment of contractual obligations qualitatively and on time;
- full compliance of the results with the goals;
- flexible approach and readiness to solve any technical issues;
- operational approval of project documentation.
Multi-storey buildings today in the Russian construction market are in demand objects that solve the problem of dilapidated housing. In itself, the construction of apartment buildings is a complex process, which is usually divided into several stages. The design of multi-apartment residential buildings is one of the important preparatory stages of this type of construction work. The choice of material, the degree of safety and comfort, as well as, ultimately, the total cost of the construction site and the price per square meter in the new housing market depend on it. Being a complex building structure, apartment buildings require the safety of future residents, their comfortable use of utilities and adjacent infrastructure. Contractors will be greatly assisted in this by professional design services for apartment buildings. Today, not all developers have their own design departments. To optimize costs, construction companies often use the services of third-party design organizations.
Construction companies can significantly shorten the construction cycle if they turn to residential design companies. multi-storey buildings. Such a service will not only help to select suitable materials and layout of urban housing, but also help to reduce the cost of the entire construction of a residential building, which in turn will allow you to quickly sell apartments in it to private investors. Companies that design multi-apartment residential buildings according to SNiP will select the best project for the developer for a specific land plot, choose an improved modern layout of apartments, focusing on recent achievements in the latest building technologies. Implementation of all the recommendations of designers with extensive experience in practical work will help reduce the cost of construction of the contractor, ensure the commissioning of the facility on time, and therefore avoid unnecessary costs during the construction cycle itself.
The design of multi-apartment residential buildings, the cost of which is much lower than the maintenance of their own design department, will allow the developer to choose the original project of an apartment building, which is very important in the construction of all types of urban housing. Today, in urban conditions, infill development is most often carried out in places where there is already one or another face of city streets. Professional architects and civil engineers will help you choose the right project for a residential multi-apartment development that will organically fit into the already existing urban landscape. In addition, specialists will make an accurate calculation of the laying of all necessary engineering communications, help you choose an economical and durable material for construction. apartment building select the most suitable construction technologies.
Benefits of designing residential buildings in Moscow
A developer who invests in the construction of an apartment building, using the services of professional design of apartment buildings, is guaranteed to receive not only comfortable, safe and modern comfortable housing. It can also save a lot without violating the norms for designing residential apartment buildings. Architects and construction engineers with extensive practical experience will develop projects that will take into account all applicable building standards and regulations. At the same time, the customer, who in such cases is entity, can be fully confident in the transparency of all technical documents. All construction estimates and technical regulations will be taken into account when developing a project for an apartment building. Specialists will not only prepare all the technical documentation, including all construction cycles and engineering communications, but they can also make a complete visualization of the future facility, which will help draw the attention of buyers to future modern housing even at the construction stage.
The design of multi-apartment residential buildings depends on the urban environment or the characteristics of a particular microdistrict. When developing a project for facilities, the wishes and preferences of people, as well as the financial benefits of the developer, are taken into account. Therefore, designers face many obstacles, which force them to approach their work with responsibility, as well as take into account economic and social factors. Standards for the design of residential apartment buildings Before drawing up a project for any building, it is necessary to determine the role of the structure of a particular area - this is precisely the complexity of this task. She disposes correct placement structures (public and residential), transport networks, shops, shopping centers and other public institutions, without which it is impossible to imagine the modern life of people. Designing multi-apartment residential buildings, the cost of which is much lower than hiring designers, allows you to develop a universal and original project. Thanks to him, an ordinary residential building will become unique. Before designing a building, it is necessary to create an architectural concept with the key points of the project, which are:
— The specifics of the location of buildings (residential and public).
— The specifics of the location of the transport interchange, engineering networks, trade and educational institutions.
— Style and design features of the city.
Creation of building projects by professionals Turning to professionals, you will get the expected results, and you will also be able to evaluate the quality of the work. SNIP design of multi-apartment residential buildings from professionals allows you to save money.
we guarantee obtaining a building permit
Start building the building according to the plan - when designing multi-storey residential buildings, we create planning solutions, facades and interiors, taking into account GOST R 21.110-2013, Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation N 87 and other relevant requirements. We take into account every detail - the work is carried out by specialists with experience of 10 years. Therefore, the finished documentation passes the examination and registration in ISOGD the first time - see portfolio.
High-quality design of multi-storey buildings within 5 months:
Deadlines
Start selling apartments when you planned - we will carry out the design high-rise building during the said period. Before starting work, we will draw up an agreement in which we indicate the terms of cooperation that are favorable for you and our obligations
Price from 750 rubles for 1 2
Reduce the cost of building a multi-storey residential building - we will create a competent planning solution. You will not need to interrupt the construction in the future to improve the documentation - errors are excluded, we give a guarantee under the contract
Turnkey work
Get a ready-made project that has passed the defense in the examination. We provide a full range of services - from the collection of initial data to the commissioning of a house. If necessary, we can act as a general contractor in construction
The design of multi-storey buildings begins with the preparation of a draft design. At this stage, the foundation of the entire facility is laid, the concept of organizing the structure as close as possible to the desired one is developed, a compositional solution is planned for each individual room or room, taking into account the directions and requirements for their operation. When designing multi-storey buildings, GENPRO specialists also take into account the rules of insolation - the distance to other objects, the exit of window openings to the cardinal points, the angle of the shadow for the construction of a comfortable and safe building. Competent accounting of all norms and rules in the draft design makes it easy to obtain permission.
Project documentation (Stage P) in the design of multi-storey buildings
Development is a time-consuming process and includes architectural, structural and engineering solutions. In the architectural project, visualization of facades, sections of the building and adjacent infrastructure is drawn up, floor plans, options for interior and exterior decoration are prescribed in detail. The design of structures of multi-storey industrial buildings (as well as residential ones) depends on the number of storeys of the object and the total load that it exerts. We verify load miscalculations and, thanks to accurate calculations, we often provide for lower material consumption of structures without losing them. bearing capacity. No less important is the elaboration of schemes for laying and installation of engineering networks, as well as accurate calculations to ensure greater energy efficiency of the facility. The project of a multi-storey building from GENPRO lays down complex optimal and effective solutions that make it possible to make the construction and operation of a building in demand among the population more economical.
Accompanying the examination and approval of the design of multi-storey buildings
An obligatory stage in the design of a multi-storey building is the passage of state or commercial expertise. This procedure will allow to identify any shortcomings in the design documentation, to identify inconsistencies in relation to the regulated standards. Our experts will help you pass the examination of project documentation the first time, which will significantly speed up the process of starting construction on a multi-storey building project. We not only lay in the project optimal and effective solutions that comply with all rules and regulations, but are also ready to constructively defend them in expert bodies. Our experts have extensive experience in passing the examination and prepare in advance to answer frequently asked questions regarding multi-storey buildings.
Detailed design of a multi-storey building (P stage)
After receiving a positive expert opinion for the construction or repair of a multi-storey residential building, working documentation is developed. It is a detailed and detailed project, which presents an estimate for materials, construction work, and also prescribes recommendations for installation. reinforced concrete structures multistory building. When designing high-rise residential buildings (more than 9 floors), our specialists take into account all the wishes of the customer, but at the same time they are always guided by established norms and rules, the desire to increase efficiency and economy. All working documentation is prepared exclusively by specialists in the field of multi-storey buildings.
Simplification of construction for the integrated design of multi-storey residential and industrial buildings
To build a multi-storey industrial or residential building, it is necessary to find trusted and experienced construction contractors and properly organize their work. In case of incorrect coordination of these processes, disputes may arise that will lead to errors in the construction process. BIM technologies eliminate such errors.
The specialists of our company are ready at any time to help our customers with the choice of a reliable construction company, hold an objective tender and carry out architectural supervision of the construction or reconstruction of multi-storey buildings, compliance with the estimates and deadlines. Solutions for construction projects of multi-storey residential and industrial buildings from GENPRO are required to maintain high profitability, so we offer strict control over the execution of design solutions.
What are multistory buildings?
The popularity of tall buildings is due to the fact that they allow you to place objects with a large total area in small areas. This is especially pronounced in dense urban areas. In addition, multi-storey buildings allow owners to get more benefits from the sale and use of each floor. In practice, there were various buildings from a great height. The use of information modeling (BIM) allows you to calculate the strength and architectural and engineering features of any object.
- Commercial. This is one of the most popular directions in the creation of multi-storey buildings. In such buildings, as a rule, retail, occupying the lower floors, and office space are combined. Part of the commercial buildings are catering areas, multi-storey underground parking lots and conference rooms. The uniqueness of such buildings is reflected in their unusual architecture;
- Residential. Most often, these are multi-apartment buildings combined into residential complexes. There are also single high-rise buildings in areas with dense urban development. A unique feature of a residential high-rise building is that it combines several dozens, and sometimes hundreds of apartments of different classes. Residential high-rise buildings are being built everywhere in large cities and metropolitan areas;
- Administrative. Such facilities are designed to accommodate several public services in the same building. This is done to save maintenance costs, reduce bureaucratic delays. Administrative buildings also include multi-storey buildings in which the management of large factories or combines is located;
- Industrial. If the production process allows, then multi-story factories are often erected in cities. This mainly concerns the light and food industries, instrument making, tailoring and footwear, the creation of household appliances, print publishing houses, IT areas and the entertainment industry. Note that in the industry, any building in which there are more than two floors is considered multi-storey, without taking into account technical spaces;
Public. These include universities, libraries, scientific institutions, clinics and hospitals. The reason for their construction is the same as for other types - the maximum use of space and the integration of most structures under one roof. Public buildings better than others show all the economic benefits from the construction of a multi-storey structure.
