Initiative, entrepreneurial. Market economic system Economic initiative

Entrepreneurial policy, initiative,

The success of the company is determined by knowledge of the needs of the market and the fruitfulness of the entrepreneurial economic initiative of managers and its staff.

Economic initiative– these are independent actions of the company’s personnel aimed at obtaining a given result. Initiative, in turn, is a function of the target setting determined by the company itself or imposed on it from the outside, including by order of a higher economic body or the demands of shareholders. To achieve this goal, the staff carries out a comprehensive analysis of the internal potential of the company and the state of the external environment in which it operates, and, First of all, analysis:

– physical and moral wear and tear and the structure of the company’s production capacity;

– personnel and their qualifications;

– company finances and opportunities to attract borrowed capital;

– conditions of market segments of interest to the company.

Based on the data obtained, the most appropriate direction of activity and development strategy for the company are determined. Company priorities, short-term objectives and long-term goals of the company as a whole and its divisions are established. Tactics of behavior of specialists and managers are built, aimed at achieving the strategic goal of the company and forming its priorities.

Target is a specific end state or desired result that a firm (a group of people or an individual) seeks to achieve.

Priorities- these are the basic values adopted by the company in its activities during the period of movement towards the goal, expressed in the form of an idea (for example, the creation and production of a new product) or behavioral tactics with the aim of conquering sales markets. Most often, priorities are expressed in specific indicators: quality characteristics of the product, financial resources and their distribution. For example, the main priorities might be:

– maximum return on invested capital;

– minimum costs for the production of specific products;

– elimination of dependence on some external factors(supply of raw materials, materials, services provided, etc.);

– high quality products as a guarantor of expansion (or retention) of sales markets.

Policy– these are the forms and methods of tracking and maintaining priorities to achieve the main goals of the company. Based on the established goals, priorities and developed policies of the enterprise, the main directions of activity of its structural divisions and officials responsible for obtaining the intended results are determined, and their specific tasks.

In general, the choice of company goals is influenced mainly by the following factors:

– availability and volume of demand for products;

– availability of own material and financial resources;

– level of profitability;

– capital intensity of products, which is determined on the basis of two parameters (the minimum amount of initial capital required to organize the production of a given type of product and the ratio of the average annual cost of means of production to the cost of products produced during the year);

– availability of suppliers of raw materials, materials, components and equipment necessary for the manufacture of products;

– availability of engineering solutions for the production of new or modified products;

– availability of qualified personnel.

In all cases, each entrepreneur takes into account:

– presence of competitors and their intentions;

– the degree of international connections in the field of trade in products of interest to him;

- Availability land area for the construction and possible expansion of the enterprise;

– type and capacity of transport communications;

– availability of utilities and other infrastructure to service the operating enterprise.

Accounting and analysis of the main factors of the enterprise’s activity are necessary to avoid future losses of money and time, which could lead to bankruptcy.

The success of an enterprise is determined by knowledge of the needs of the market and the fruitfulness of the entrepreneurial economic initiative of the managers of the enterprise and its personnel.

Economic initiative is the independent actions of enterprise personnel aimed at obtaining a given result. The initiative, in turn, is a function of a target determined by the enterprise itself or imposed on it from the outside, including by order of a higher economic body or the demands of shareholders. To achieve this goal, the enterprise personnel analyze the internal potential of the enterprise and the state of the external environment in which it operates.

Based on the data obtained, the most appropriate direction of activity and development strategy for the enterprise are determined. Corporate priorities, short-term objectives and long-term goals of the enterprise as a whole and its divisions are established. Tactics of behavior of specialists and managers are built, aimed at achieving the strategic goal of the enterprise and forming its priorities.

A goal is a specific end state or desired result that an enterprise (a group of people or an individual) seeks to achieve. Priorities are the basic values adopted by the enterprise in its activities during the period of movement towards the goal, expressed in the form of an idea (for example, the creation and production of a new product) or behavioral tactics with the aim of conquering sales markets. Most often, priorities are expressed in specific indicators: quality characteristics of the product, financial resources and their distribution. For example, the main priorities might be:

1) maximum return on invested capital;

2) minimum costs for the production of specific products;

3) eliminating dependence on certain external factors (supplies of raw materials, materials, services provided, etc.);

4) high quality products as a guarantor of expansion (or retention) of sales markets.

The choice of priority is largely determined by the goal set, as well as the state of the internal and external environment of the enterprise. The selected priorities necessarily take the specific form of cost or technical indicators of the operation of the enterprise and its divisions or instructions for personnel in the form of instructions, orders. After this, monitoring of compliance with these indicators and orders is established.

Entrepreneurial policy is the forms and methods of tracking and maintaining priorities to achieve the main goals of the enterprise. Based on the established goals, priorities and developed policies of the enterprise, the main directions of activity of its structural divisions and officials responsible for obtaining the intended results and their specific tasks are determined (Appendix B, Fig. 2).

The dominant goal of manufacturing enterprises is to obtain and increase income, since only if there are financial and material resources extracted from income, the enterprise is able to function normally and solve the problems of maintaining production, increasing production output, systematically updating it and improving quality, and reducing costs. Solving social issues, such as increasing the level of staff remuneration and creating favorable conditions work at the enterprise is also associated with additional expenses, which can only be carried out if you have additional income that exceeds current expenses. Of course, the choice and specification of the goals of an enterprise are largely determined by the interests and needs of its owner (including the state), the size of its capital, as well as the action of various internal and external factors. The interests of private individuals and government agencies may not only be different. The state, unlike a private owner, can cover losses through taxes from other efficiently operating enterprises. However, the motives of behavior of the largest associations may partially or completely coincide with the interests of the state when they interact closely.

In general, the choice of enterprise goals is influenced mainly by the following factors: Volkova O.I., Devyatkina O.V. Economics of an enterprise (firm): textbook. M.: INFRA-M 2007. p.76

1) availability and volume of demand for products;

2) availability of own material and financial resources;

3) the level of profitability, which is defined as the ratio of the price of manufactured products to its cost;

4) capital intensity of products, which is determined on the basis of two parameters (the minimum amount of initial capital; the ratio of the average annual cost of means of production to the cost of products produced during the year);

5) availability of suppliers of raw materials, materials, components and equipment necessary for the manufacture of products;

6) availability of engineering solutions for the production of new or modified products;

7) availability of qualified personnel.

In private entrepreneurship, the choice of main priorities and goals is significantly influenced by the entrepreneur’s profession, his inclinations and family traditions. In all cases, each entrepreneur takes into account:

1) the presence of competitors and their intentions;

2) the degree of international connections in the field of trade in products of interest to him;

3) availability of land for construction and possible expansion of the enterprise;

4) type and capacity of transport communications;

5) the availability of utilities and other infrastructure to service the operating enterprise.

Accounting and analysis of the main factors of the enterprise’s activity are necessary to avoid future losses of money and time, which can lead to bankruptcy.

The success of an enterprise is determined by knowledge of the needs of the market and the fruitfulness of the entrepreneurial economic initiative of the managers of the enterprise and its personnel.

Economic initiative is the independent actions of enterprise personnel aimed at obtaining a given result. The initiative, in turn, is a function of a target determined by the enterprise itself or imposed on it from the outside, including by order of a higher economic body or the demands of shareholders. To achieve this goal, the enterprise personnel carry out a comprehensive analysis of the internal potential of the enterprise and the state of the external environment in which it operates, and above all, analysis of:

physical and moral wear and tear and the structure of the enterprise’s production capacity;

personnel and their qualifications;

1 Taran V. A. Problems of transforming the Russian economy. N. NovgorodNSU 1999 P. 99-1 02.

enterprise finances and opportunities to attract borrowed capital;

conditions of market segments of interest to the enterprise.

A goal is a specific end state or desired result that an enterprise (a group of people or an individual) seeks to achieve. Priorities are the main values adopted by the enterprise in its activities during the period of movement towards the goal, goals<енные в форме идеи (например, создание и производство нового товара) или тактики поведения с целью завоевания рынков сбыта. Чаще всего приоритеты вырах<аются в конкретных показателях: качественные характеристики товара, финансовые ресурсы и их распределение. Например, основными приоритетами могут быть:

maximum return on invested capital;

minimum costs for the production of specific products;

eliminating dependence on certain external factors (supplies of raw materials, materials, services provided, etc.);

high quality products as a guarantor of expansion (or retention) of sales markets.

Policy is the forms and methods of tracking and maintaining priorities to achieve the main goals of the enterprise. Based on the established goals, priorities and developed policies of the enterprise, the main directions of activity of its structural divisions and officials responsible for obtaining the intended results and their specific tasks are determined (Fig. 3.2).

Let's take a simple example. If, say, the traveler chooses city D as his destination, then the desired result of the trip is arrival in the city. In this case, his priorities will be road signs and indicators. Specific tasks in this case will include a technical inspection of the vehicle before departure, refueling along the way, and preparation of documents necessary along the way.

Of course, the choice and specification of the goals of an enterprise are largely determined by the interests and needs of its owner (including the state), the size of its capital, as well as the action of various internal and external factors. The interests of private individuals and government agencies may not only be different, but even incompatible due to the incomparability of responsibility for the results of their activities and, as a rule, colossal differences in the amount of resources they have. While the state can produce certain types of unprofitable products to uninterruptedly meet the internal needs of the country or maintain an enterprise that does not generate income in order to preserve jobs for the population, a private person taking such actions will go bankrupt. The state, unlike a private owner, can cover losses through taxes from other efficiently operating enterprises. However, the motives of behavior of the largest associations may partially or completely coincide with the interests of the state when they interact closely.

In general, the choice of enterprise goals is influenced mainly by the following factors:

availability and volume of demand for products;

availability of own material and financial resources;

the level of profitability, which is defined as the ratio of the price of manufactured products to its cost;

capital intensity of products, which is determined on the basis of two parameters (the minimum amount of initial capital required to organize the production of a given type of product; the ratio of the average annual cost of means of production to the cost of products produced during the year);

availability of suppliers of raw materials, materials, components and equipment necessary for the manufacture of products;

availability of engineering solutions for the production of new or modified products;

availability of qualified personnel.

the presence of competitors and their intentions;

the degree of international relations in the field of trade in products of interest to him;

availability of land for construction and possible expansion of the enterprise;

type and capacity of transport communications;

availability of utilities and other infrastructure to service the operating enterprise.

Accounting and analysis of the main factors of the enterprise’s activity are necessary to avoid future losses of money and time, which can lead to bankruptcy.

Ketko Natalia Vladimirovna, Ph.D. econ. Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Management, Marketing and Production Organization, Volgograd State Technical University, Russia

Manaenkova Anna Alexandrovna, postgraduate student, Department of World Economy and Economic Theory, Volgograd State Technical University, Russia

Incentive policy of entrepreneurship: goals, objectives, economic feasibility of development and application

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Sources:

1. Androniceanu A. Motivation of the Human Resources for a Sustainable Organizational Development. – Economia: Seria Management. – 2011. – 14. – r. 425–438.
2. Shakhovskaya L.S., Ketko N.V. Assessment of labor motivation of hired workers in a market economy. – M.: Publishing and trading corporation “Dashkov and Co.,” 2012. – 112 p.

a form of production and sales management, including the development of new competitive ideas as a permanent process, the prompt implementation of the most fruitful ideas and the organization of a system of measures for the fastest and most effective sale of new products obtained using new technology.

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