The use of lamps goes back centuries. Archaeological excavations have proven that oil lamps were used in ancient civilizations - in Babylon, Egypt, Greece and Rome. Lamp These lamps were made of ceramic or metal and consisted of a container with a combustion hole or tip, an air hole and a wick. The ancients have long been convinced that a woven or twisted wick, due to its capillary properties, burns better than a directly flammable liquid. This discovery was the first step in a long process that led to the modern incandescent lamp. The oily liquid that was used in those ancient lamps, and for centuries to come, was extracted from animals or plants.
Accordingly, the light received from such lamps was very weak and inferior to the fire of a candle, so candles were used as interior lighting houses until the mid-19th century, when oil was discovered, which contributed to further development lamps The role of candles in lighting at this time is evidenced by the fact that of the 81 supplying companies in London, two - Wax Chandlers and Tallow Chandlers - were candle manufacturers, but none of the companies specialized in the production of candles. lamps Of course, the purpose of this article is not to analyze the entire history of oil lamps. However, the author considers it necessary to pay attention to how their design gradually changed and new elements appeared, such as central draft force, ring wick, internal and external air supply, flame distributor, - all those innovations that ultimately led to the creation of a burner with a blue flame, to which a glow grid was later attached.
One of the first inventions that led to the creation of the incandescent lamp belongs to the Swiss Ami Argand (1755-1803), who lived in London and received a patent for his invention in 1784. His invention was to avoid unnecessary combustion fuel, which led to the release of smoke and soot. Argand proposed directing one stream of air into the center of the flame, and the second - past the flame using a lamp glass, cap, tip, funnel or tube that would provide air draft. Unfortunately, Argand's patent did not include a drawing, but his idea formed the basis of a standard lamp named after him, which was later referred to by the authors of many publications. In an Argand lamp, the wick is a hollow cylinder that allows air to be drawn both inside and outside the flame, resulting in more oxygen being introduced and therefore creating a brighter flame. Cylindrical lamp glass enhances air draft while promoting flame stability and protecting it from external drafts.
After industrial revolution At the end of the 18th century, the need for good lighting increased. Accordingly, at this time there is a noticeable improvement in the quality of the lamps produced. In the period from 1783 to 1836. the design of the lamp is changed, into which a flat woven wick and a round burner with a cylindrical wick and lamp glass are introduced; This design was named after its inventor - the Argand lamp. (Fig.1 and Fig.2). However, the improved lamp design contrasted even further with poor quality animal fuel and plant origin, which gave little light. Of course, gas lighting was better, but it was used almost exclusively in large city houses, which forced inventors to look for alternative options lighting. (Derry, Williams, Short story Technology, Oxford University, 1960, p. 516./Short History of Technology, Derry & Williams, Oxford University, 1960, p. 516). IN 
in the above book, the reference to the 1836 lamp apparently refers to Houghton's lamp (Fig. 3). The design of this lamp contained a ring wick and was based on a circular supply of air coming from the outside. The unusualness of this lamp lies in spring mechanism that feeds liquid fuel up into the burner. In his design, Houghton used the Argand burner, which was widely used at that time.
At that time, inventors did not yet know how to provide sufficient air supply for complete combustion of oil. The Bude light, invented by Gurney & Rixon in 1839, demonstrates one solution to this problem (Fig. 4).
The Boudet burner, designed like an Argand lamp, was called by its authors the Oxygen mixture or Boudet lamp. Its design was intended to burn highly flammable gas obtained by distillation from coal, oil, bituminous substances, etc. It was originally conceived as a warning lamp. In order to get clean, bright light(using the fuel available at the time), a stream of oxygen was supplied through a central tube into the flame, to the very top of the wick tube. The widespread use of oil lamps in the second half of the century became possible only thanks to the discovery of a method for separating light and heavy oil fractions, which was already known at that time in different countries. In 1848, in Derbyshire, James Young began work on refining oil, which was obtained from a source discovered in a coal deposit. In 1850, he patented a technology for refining oil at low temperatures. Markets soon appeared selling lamp oil, which Young called kerosene, while demonstrating to the public lamps suitable for burning it. According to Sir Edward Thorpe's Dictionary of Applied Chemistry, Vol. 5, 1924, Kerosene soon became a source of light throughout Britain.
IN large quantities oil began to be produced in 1859 in Pennsylvania, and for many years the United States remained the main supplier of kerosene for lamps. Beginning in the 1850s, kerosene lamps became widespread, since vast areas in Europe and America were deprived of coal and gas lighting, and electricity appeared only at the end of the century.
The great demand for lamps stimulated the creation of new inventions, the purpose of which in the second half of the 19th century was to eliminate odor and smoke. Many early lamp designs used a flat wick, the top end of which passed through a hole into the burner cone. The burner was surrounded by lamp glass to admit air and protect the flame from drafts. One of the typical samples of such a lamp was patented in 1877 in the USA by J.H.Boardman. The flat wick of this lamp was adjusted by a toothed gear. The upper end of the wick passed into the base of the burner, where air entered through an annular hole to maintain combustion (Fig. 5).
Boardman understood the dangers associated with the use of this lamp, and therefore emphasized that the main component of his invention was a device for stopping the supply of gas and heat. Gradually this mechanism was improved with the help of a ring-shaped wick, which, as was subsequently proven, was an important element in the design of incandescent lamps. One example of a lamp from the late nineteenth century is the invention of Sepulchre, created in 1893. In his lamp, the upper end of a ring-shaped wick is placed in a double cone. The cone served to distribute the air supply to the upper end of the wick and to the flame, which was cupped using a disc distributor.
This study of the history of the development of incandescent lamps ends with a description of the so-called pressure lamps, the principle of which is based on creating increased pressure inside a tank of fuel for its subsequent supply to the burner.
The lamps described above were used for household lighting and did not require increased pressure, since their design created sufficient air draft to the wick and glow grid.
However, portable lamps and lanterns for external lighting needed protection from drafts and wind, so the burner, glow grid and connecting parts mechanism were placed inside a glass vessel or ball. As a result, in this design the air access was not sufficient to produce a blue flame, so it became necessary to change the internal structure of the lamp.
In rural areas there has always been a need for the widespread use of portable lanterns. Previously existing lanterns, which used candles or open oil burners, provided poor illumination. As the kerosene lamps used for indoor lighting improved, inventors began to improve the design of the glow grid in portable kerosene lanterns.
The first version of the pressure glow lamp was released in 1895 and consisted of a vertical glow grid and a mechanism for creating pressure in the fuel tank, which was necessary for the evaporation of liquid fuel (Fig. 16).
In 1907, Aktibolaget Aladin from Sweden developed one of the first pressure lamps, the design of which included a mechanism for the primary heating of the burner. In this design, the fuel supply tube is located close to the glow grid, so the tube heats up and the fuel in it begins to evaporate. A similar mechanism was used in all later pressure lamp designs. Obviously, in this design, evaporation of the fuel was impossible until the tube was heated, so a preheating device was created. It consisted of a small round cuvette containing methyl alcohol or a similar liquid.
Further improvement of the pressure lamp was associated with the use of two inverted glow grids in order to prevent the deposition of combustion products on the burner nozzle.
In 1930, a new pressure lamp design was proposed that used a different method of preheating the burner. An auxiliary burner was created that heated the evaporator before the main burner was ignited and the inverted glow grid was heated (Fig. 17).
Later, another design was proposed that included a curved evaporator. It was located around the burner and connected to the fuel supply tube, which was located outside the lamp glass, inside which there was a burner and a glow grid.
The experience gained from the use of pressure lamps described above allowed the successful development and use of the described design.
A modern pressure light includes a pump in the fuel reservoir that creates air pressure, causing fuel to be forced up the fuel tube. The fuel supply pipe passes through the inverted glow grid into the mixing chamber, into which air enters through 3 radial holes. From the mixing chamber, a mixture of air and fuel is supplied to the nozzle of the nozzle located inside the glow grid (Fig. 18).
To periodically clean the nozzle hole from carbon deposits, a spike is provided in the design. At the base of the fuel supply tube there is a cuvette with alcohol and an asbestos cord. This entire mechanism is enclosed in a glass vessel.
The incandescent lamp has not yet gone out of use. It is still used for indoor lighting in homes in areas of the UK where gas and electricity are not available. Using a heat lamp for decoration, such as table lighting, is much more effective than electric or gas lamps. In many countries, the incandescent lamp is still the best lighting device, and therefore its production will continue in the future.
In conclusion of this article, I would like to thank the management of Aladdin Industries Ltd. for providing access to the archives; the company's lawyer, Mr. Robert H. Jacob, of Chicago, and Mr. W. S. Johnson, Jr., for a chronological review of the early development of incandescent lamps, and Mr. K. D. Eagle for providing illustrative material.
A. R. J. RAMSEY, C. P. A., (Member of Council)
Transfer from in English Klevtsova A.M.©
Kirill Sysoev
Calloused hands never get bored!
27 Mar 2018
For many years before the advent of electricity, kerosene lamps brought light into homes. There are many interesting pages in the history of this invention. Today, lighting sources based on the combustion of kerosene in air have limited use. Modern models Such products are distinguished by their original design, which can decorate the interior of almost any room. Today you can buy a kerosene lamp in a specialized online store with delivery by mail.
What is a kerosene lamp
This product is a lamp powered by the combustion of kerosene, which is a product of petroleum refining. The design of the lantern is relatively simple, due to which it was very popular in the 19th and early 20th centuries. After the widespread introduction of electric lighting, such products began to be used only in places where there is no electricity, and by tourists. Sometimes a kerosene lamp is used as an emergency light source. It should be used as follows:
- A lamp powered by kerosene emits the most intense light if the wick is replaced at least once every 2 months. The wick should fill the entire tube.
- The new wick is first dried and only then impregnated with the oil product.
- Before lighting, the wick should be cleaned of carbon deposits and trimmed evenly with scissors.
- The flame height should be kept within 1-2.5 cm: a high height can lead to soot, and a low height can reduce the light intensity.
- Kerosene must be added regularly to prevent it from burning out completely.
Story
The first prototype of a kerosene lamp was an oil lamp, which was described by the poet from Baghdad Al-Razi back in the 9th century. The lamp of that time was a lamp made from a container of oil and a cotton wick floating in it. Such a source could produce weak light and at the same time produce a lot of smoke. Replacing the oil with a petroleum product increased brightness and reduced deposit formation. Due to the high volatility and fluidity of kerosene, the design of oil-based lighting sources has been significantly simplified.
The first historical mentions of the use of kerosene to operate a lighting device date back to 1846. It is believed that Leonardo da Vinci also took some part in the creation of kerosene lamps. He provided the sample with glass to allow air flow to the flame, but at the same time tried to cool it with water - the glass could not stand it and simply burst.
The inventors of kerosene lamps (1853) are considered to be pharmacists from Lvov, Jan Zech and Ignatius Lukasiewicz, who modified the oil model and began to use an oil refined product for lighting. In the same 1853, Rudolf Ditmar from Vienna proposed his design for a device running on kerosene - he used a flat wick. The design became the prototype for the first mass-produced kerosene lamp, production of which began in the USA three years later.
Another transformation was the so-called. "Auer grid". The luminous intensity of ordinary kerosene lamps reached several dozen candles, and the Auer grid increased the figure to 300 candles. This corresponds to the power of an incandescent lamp of 300 watts at a voltage of 110 volts. True, this did not help, because... the march of electricity became triumphant.
Device
A kerosene lamp has a simple design and principle of operation, which is approximately similar to an oil lamp. A flammable substance is poured into the container, from where it begins to be dosed into the combustion zone. The burner is sometimes equipped with means for removing combustion products and air supply, and flame protection. The latter is an important element. To move and hang the lantern, the structure is equipped with a frame. A lamp glass in the form of a pipe of variable diameter is installed above the burner. Kerosene lamp structure:
- fuel tank;
- tube with cap;
- bottom;
- wick tube;
- rack;
- collar for fixing the concentrating cone;
- a bulb made of lamp glass, which provides draft and protects the flame from the wind;
- an insert that is necessary to adjust the position of the wick in the hole of the cone in order to increase or decrease the flame.
Types of kerosene lamps
On sale in Moscow, St. Petersburg and other cities of the country you can find several design options for kerosene lighting sources. Traditional look are wick products with a ring or flat wick, in which liquid fuel rises from the reservoir to the combustion zone due to capillary effect. Cotton is used to make the wick. Were previously distributed different types wick structures: with protection against kerosene spillage when tipping over, an air heating system to improve combustion, equipped with reflectors, wind-resistant, etc.
You can often find incandescent devices that are close in design to a primus stove, i.e. wickless heating device. The fuel in them is under pressure, which is created by a manual pump. It rises to the combustion area through a tube, where it evaporates and heats up. Then kerosene vapors go from it to the burner, where the fuel burns and heats the glow grid. These types of lanterns burn much brighter due to the complete and rapid combustion of the oil refinery product and the use of glow grids.
Traditionally, wicks and glasses for kerosene lamps are indicated in lines (a unit of distance measurement). For example, the diameter of the lamp glass at the bottom equal to 20 lines is 50.8 mm. A device with a wick width of 7 lines (approximately 18 mm) began to be called a seven-line. Kerosene light sources also differ from each other in operating time and power. The first parameter, depending on the model, ranges from 4 to 20 hours, and the second – from 5 to 400 W.
SPARTA
To make the best purchase of a kerosene lamp, pay attention to the shape of the bulb, dimensions, fuel tank volume and some other parameters. A popular option is the SPARTA Bat Lantern, which comes in a windproof design. The name comes from “Fledermaus” - that was the name of the German company that invented a wind-resistant lantern in the century before last. The bat kerosene lamp is designed for outdoor and indoor lighting. The outer surface of the case is painted with weather-resistant enamel:
- model name: Bat SPARTA 932305;
- price: 319 rub.;
- characteristics: lampshade material - tin, glass bulb, protective coating of the body - galvanized, width at the base - 11.5 cm, height - 23.7 cm, weight - 337 g, homeland of the brand - Germany, country of origin - Germany, equipment – 2 wicks, 1 funnel, light brightness adjustable, color – black or metallic;
- pluses: protective grid, heat-resistant glass flask, stable stand;
- cons: flimsy mechanism, low quality.
FIT DIY
Kerosene lamp FIT DIY 67600 is used to illuminate a small room in the absence of electricity. This model can also be used as a source of lighting in the country or in the garden. The tin body is equipped with a flask made of heat- and impact-resistant glass. The product has loops for hanging:
- Model name: FIT DIY 67600;
- price: 473 rub.;
- characteristics: type – table lamp, country of origin – China, height – 24 cm, weight – 325 g, construction – metal;
- pluses: the presence of a protective grille, durable glass, stable base;
- Cons: flimsy case, costs more than analogues.
PARK
Another great option is the wind-resistant PARK lamp, designed for lighting both indoors and outdoors. This model is ideal for summer cottage, to which there is no electricity. The case is durable, there is an eyelet on top for hanging the structure. Lamp parameters:
- Model name: PARK-235;
- price: 200 rub.;
- characteristics: height – 24.5 cm, tank capacity – 0.2 l, burning time on one refill (approximate) – 14 hours, materials – glass, metal;
- pros: convenient design, cheap;
- cons: none.
If you are looking for a lamp that burns longer than its analogues, then pay attention to PARK-225. By appearance and the design of this model is no different from the previous one:
- Model name: PARK-225;
- price: 280 rub.;
- characteristics: height – 28 cm, tank capacity – 0.3 l, burning time on one refill (approximate) – 20 hours, materials – glass, metal;
- pros: good capacity volume, burning time, convenient design, reasonable cost;
- cons: none.
How to choose a kerosene lamp
When purchasing a kerosene lamp, keep in mind that such a light source will not be able to illuminate large rooms. It is ideal for small rooms (for example, in a country house) and for use for tourism purposes. Main selection criteria:
- Pay attention to the body, which should be strong and durable. It is often made of tin, which may show signs of dents, but its use reduces the weight of the lantern and the cost. Is it true, durable material may significantly increase the cost of the product, but in return you will receive a reliable and durable lantern that runs on kerosene fuel.
- Make sure that the base of the light is really stable, otherwise it could topple over in any slight breeze, causing the fuel to spill out, which can be dangerous.
- If possible, find out the volume of the fuel tank, because the more it holds, the longer the kerosene lamp will illuminate the room with light.
- The glass of the flask must be impact and heat resistant to protect users from direct contact with flames.
- It is good if the lamp is equipped with loops for hanging, a protective grille and the ability to adjust the brightness.
Video
Municipal educational institution
average comprehensive school Dyakovka village
Project
Kerosene lamp -
"firefly from the past"
Project Manager
technology teacher
Dyakova N.G.
The project was completed
11th grade students
MOUSOSH village Dyakovka
2016 2017 academic year
Subject of research: kerosene lamp, household item, used
for room lighting.
Object of study: kerosene lamps
Purpose of the study: to explore the history of the kerosene lamp.
Research hypothesis: a kerosene lamp is not only a source of lighting,
but also a keeper of memory, the history of my country.
Tasks:
Find out the origin of the research object.
Establish the creators and operating principle of the kerosene lamp.
Study information on the history of the kerosene lamp.
Research methods: observation, study of literature and network materials
Internet, generalization and systematization of material on the research topic
Study plan
1. What is a kerosene lamp
4. Operating principle
5. History of the find
6. New life old lamp
7. Conclusions
Kerosene lamp "firefly from the past"
Does everyone remember the seemingly simple invention of the kerosene lamp? A
Meanwhile, these lamps took many years before the widespread use of electric
lighting (and even for some time in parallel with it) brought light into houses. IN
The history of this invention is quite interesting. Let's talk about it.
1. What is a kerosene lamp?
Kerosene lamp - a lamp powered by the combustion of kerosene -
oil distillation product.
2. History of the invention of the kerosene lamp
The kerosene lamp was invented by the Polish inventor, pharmacist Ignatius
Lukasevich, and this happened in 1853 in the city of Lvov.
The first lamp illuminated the window of the “Under the Golden Star” pharmacy. Same year
the surgeon of the Lviv city hospital Zaorsky performed the first emergency overnight
operation on patient Vladislav Kholetsky thanks to kerosene lamps.
The lamp was a metal cylinder consisting of two
parts. At the bottom there was a tank for kerosene, and at the top
lamp glass covering the burning wick. The first samples
intended for demonstration in front of the public, had extremely
a bulky, downright armored structure. This was caused
because people were very afraid of fire and even almost an explosion. But when
it became clear that the new fuel, if handled appropriately, was nothing
does not threaten and is quite safe in everyday life, lightweight schemes began to emerge,
similar to the oil lamps that already existed by that time.
Some kerosene lamps were converted oil lamps.
The possibility of such a fairly simple alteration contributed to
popularity of kerosene lamps. Less than a few years later, as new
the lamp conquered Europe. The reason turned out to be simple - to use for
lighting, kerosene turned out to be much cheaper than candles or oil, and
Kerosene lamps burned much brighter.
3. Using a kerosene lamp.
Kerosene lamps produce their strongest light when their wick is changed.
at least once every two months. The wick should fill the entire tube. New
The wick is first dried and then soaked in kerosene. Before
By ignition, the wick is cleared of carbon deposits and trimmed evenly with scissors.
The flame height should be kept from 1 to 2 5 cm; lower height reduces strength
light, and a large one can lead to soot. Kerosene should be added regularly
without letting it burn out completely.
4. Operating principle
Kerosene is poured into the lamp container and the wick is lowered. The other end of the wick
clamped by a lifting mechanism in a burner designed in such a way that
so that the air comes from below.
A lamp glass is installed on top of the burner to provide draft, and
also to protect the flame from the wind.
5. History of the find
We found this kerosene lamp from a resident of our village, Grishina.
Antonina Fedorovna. She no longer remembers her exact age. According to her, they
appeared when she herself was little. And she is already 85 years old!
She also said that in her childhood, when the power was turned off in our village, everything
used them. Every family could buy it: it was inexpensive, kerosene
It wasn't expensive either.
The lamps were different in shape and size. Those who were poorer had it easier. And
those people who lived in prosperity, the lamps were more beautiful, gilded, carved, with
various decorations. But those that were simpler were easier to care for. They were cleaned
using an iron grater, and the glass was difficult to remove soot from. Cleaned
whoever could.
They would have burned now, but time had taken its toll: the lamp glass had already broken, and
Problems of power outages are, fortunately, a thing of the past.
Now we can no longer imagine how people used to cope without light, how
studied, read, worked by the light of these lamps. They seem useless to us and
unnecessary.
But the hand does not rise to throw them away, because it is a reminder of our
the past, about our history.
6. New life for an old lamp
And having visited our class teacher, we saw the same
lamp, but only converted into a modern lamp.
7. Conclusions
Having studied the information on the research topic, we came to the conclusion that the hypothesis
turned out to be correct: a kerosene lamp is not only a source of illumination, but also
keeper of memory and history of our country. And also interior decoration in our
modern time.
Thus, the tasks research work decided, goal set
achieved.
We transfer our find to the school local history museum in the village of Dyakovka and
We hope that our lamp will have “friends” who will make up a whole
collection.
Used sources
The story of Antonina Fedorovna Grishina
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video.yandex.ru›video about a kerosene lamp
calc.ru›Kerosinovaya
Daniil Granin, pages of the book “Kerogas and all others: Leningrad catalogue”
I will tell you in more detail about the kerosene lamp, because I had the opportunity to meet a man who collected a large collection of such lamps. He has more than a hundred of them. Yes, plus dozens of kerosene lanterns.
By the way, let’s ask the artist to draw a lantern, like the one with which my father went to the barn in the evening - it was a lantern with a closed flame, known as a “bat”. And why it was called that, no one knew. I asked a collector, he showed me an old German lantern with a raised image on the glass bat, that's where it came from.
Kerosene lamps, polished and well-groomed, lined up in rows on shelves. Large, small, with Venetian glass lampshades, with painted porcelain cups on figured bronze stands - there were all sorts of lamps here! With blue glasses. Modern lamps, rococo lamps and very simple ones - small tin ones. An old woman who has left us forever—that’s the feeling with which I looked at them. And at the same time, with tenderness, because in the light of this lamp I passed most of father's life in the forestry. In the yellow light of such lamps, he studied, and read, and compiled his endless statements, reports, reports on logging, and smoked his rolled-up cigarettes over the lamp glass in a stream of hot air...
But the owner of the collection took my thoughts in a different direction. It turns out that nothing more than a kerosene lamp contributed to the development of the oil business. He argued that the oil industry, oil production, oil development, oil refineries - everything owes to the invention of the kerosene lamp. She pushed, aroused the pursuit of oil, she, this old woman, brought to life, gave birth to the current powerful oil industry. The lamp, equipped with air-blowing channels, gave a strong, even light, incomparable to oil lamps, and from that time kerosene was needed, so the Baku oil fields and the American oil fever began. There were no other consumers; cars had not yet appeared. The 60s of the 19th century passed. The kerosene lamp quickly and victoriously reigned in the homes of Europe, in the cities and villages of Russia...
He showed me lamps - early and late, lamps with flat wicks, lamps with round ones, bundles of wicks of different sizes. Eight-, ten-, fifteen-line lamps. Various glass shapes for lamps, caps, reflectors. Lamps for all tastes, there were no less of them than there are today lamps, sconces and floor lamps, chandeliers and table lamps. There were even kerosene lamps with ruby glass for photography. We lit a small night lamp and next to it a huge kerosene lamp on which we could heat food. It provided both light and warmth at the same time. Once upon a time it was an entire industry, a broad technical direction that created an era of new lighting instead of candlelight. Then electricity came, the light bulb appeared, and all this kerosene farming became unnecessary; it was kept in reserve for some time, and then it was thrown out and quickly forgotten. However, my collector did not want to recognize the kerosene lamp as dead. He showed me the ship's compass, which to this day has two small kerosene lamps. Just in case, for reliability. During the Leningrad blockade they also used a kerosene lamp. And to this day, he argued, many families keep kerosene lamps as family heirlooms. I remembered that in one Leningrad house there was a lamp hanging on a bronze bracket. By family holidays it is filled with kerosene and lit. She inherited it from her great-grandfather, a village doctor. He performed operations in its light. Since then, it has been passed on to the heirs, acquired a pedigree and acquired many legends.
Family heirlooms are worthy of respect. I love houses where they keep weighty velvet albums with family photographs. Caskets with letters and postcards written by great-grandmothers. Paintings, lithographs, maybe of God knows what artistic merit, but they hung on both the parents’ and the parents’ parents’ houses. I love family portraits, old sets, old books that my ancestors read. I always feel somehow empty in a house where everything is new, shiny, and just purchased. The house needs old, albeit unneeded, things that are passed on to the children. The kerosene lamp is a touching relic, its soft golden light takes you back to the past, when in the evenings he gathered the whole family, relatives, those you know about by hearsay, from family legends under his circle..."
A KEROSENE LAMP is a lighting device whose operation is based on the combustion of kerosene. The first lamp was designed by Polish inventor Ignacy Łukasiewicz in 1853. According to his drawings, Lviv tinsmith Adam Bratkovsky assembled a lamp, and soon it various options, already made by other masters, very quickly spread throughout the world.
It is interesting that the history of the creation of the kerosene lamp is, first of all, the history of the search for an accessible light source. Thus, in the ancient world, olive oil was used for lighting, the Persian scientist Ar-Razi (9th century) described in detail an oil lamp in his works, and the great Leonardo da Vinci developed his own example of an oil lamp. In Russia, kerosene lamps appeared in 1861, displacing other lamps precisely due to the cheapness of the fuel - kerosene.
The kerosene lamp, as a separate phenomenon in art, has existed for just over a hundred years, but its picturesque and graphic image is found much more often than images of other utilitarian household items. Firstly, the kerosene lamp itself could be a unique work of art, and secondly, the semantic load associated with its image has always attracted artists: after all, the light of a kerosene lamp is a symbol of eternal rebirth, it is a family hearth, home, love, life.