Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertner
Poaceae family
A brief description of. A herbaceous turf perennial with numerous straight or slightly geniculate stems at the base (20-80 cm high), pubescent in the upper part, especially densely under the spike. There are usually few basal leaves, they different lengths, sometimes absent; stem ones are slightly bent from the stem, pubescent on top, flat or curled, grayish-green, hard, rough.
The flowers are collected in dense comb-shaped, oblong or broadly ovate spikes (up to 4 cm long, 2 cm wide) with a short, finely pubescent awn. Spikelets 3-10 (12) flowering, laterally compressed, glumes keeled, subulate-pointed or with an awn 2-3 mm long, lower flower glumes lanceolate, at the apex gradually turning into a straight awn 2-5 mm long. Flowering – June–July, fruiting – August. Anemophile. (2 – 5) 2n = 14, 28 (42) (3, 4).
Spreading. In the Amur region, the plant was found in natural cenoses in the Skovorodinsky and Svobodnensky districts (5, 6); outside the region in Russia, it was noted in Siberia and certain districts of the Russian Far East. Outside the Russian Federation, the species is given for Central Asia, Mongolia, Tibet, and Northeast China (1, 7).
Features of ecology and phytocenology. A mountain-steppe species, confined to dry rocky, often carbonate slopes, sometimes entering shrub thickets and steppe forests. The size and density of populations depends on specific conditions (6).
Number. The approximate number does not exceed 500 specimens.
State of local populations. Some of the known populations are confined to the coastal slopes of the Amur River and are in satisfactory condition due to the absence of nearby settlements, populations in the environs. settlements are subject to noticeable anthropogenic pressure.
Limiting factors. Narrow ecological coenotic location, small number of populations and overall small number of species within the region, anthropogenic load (economic development of the territory, fires, recreation).
Security measures taken. The species is included in the regional report “Rare and Endangered Plants of the Amur Region” (5).
Necessary security measures. Searching for new populations and monitoring the status of known populations, especially near populated areas. It is desirable to organize protected areas in the surrounding area. Busse - Petropavlovka of the Svobodnensky district (Bussevsky reserve) and the Upper Amur valley (Verkhneamursky reserve).
Information sources. 1. Savkina et al., 1982; 2. Tsvelev, 1976; 3. Peshkova, 1990; 4. Probatova, 1985; 5. Starchenko et al., 1995; 6. Data from the compiler; 7. Kitagawa, 1979. Compiled. V.M. Starchenko.
wheatgrass like grass
Alternative descriptionsPlant with flowers in spikes or panicles
A plant with a stem in the form of a hollow cranked straw and with small flowers in spikes or panicles
Plant type
Friendly team of standing grains
grain plant
grain-bearing plant
Both corn and bamboo
And rye, and oats, and corn
And rye and rice
Feather grass is like grass
Ear on the vine
Spiked grass
spicate plant
cultivated plant
M. former, plant; vegetable, vegetable garden, harvest, tops; greens (except trees and shrubs) suitable for human food. Turf, meadow, steppe grass, which has a straw-shaped and cranked stem, and a spiked fruit; family of spikelets, which also includes bread. Cereal, to cereal, plant and plant foods relating. Grass, herbaceous, herbaceous, rich in vegetation, abundant in cereals. Greenness w. belonging, state of the lush area. Zlachnik m. church. garden, vegetable garden; flower garden
Bluegrass as a plant
Oats as a plant species
One of those who came out with rye
He has the right ear of corn in the field
Spelled or rye
Useful plant
Millet as a plant
Wheat
Wheat as a plant
Wheat, rye, oats
Plant with grain in the ear
Plant with an ear
A plant with a stem in the form of a hollow cranked straw and with small flowers in spikes or panicles
A plant with a straw-shaped stem
Plant that "marks" grains
Vegetable grain
Rice as a plant species
Rice from a botanist's point of view
Rye or oats
Rye, rice, wheat
Shaker as a plant
mustachioed plant
Barley or rye
And rye, and bamboo, and corn
Millet, rice, wheat
Wheat, rye and others
Both oats and barley
Wheat, like rye
Rye or wheat
Rye, oats or wheat
Plant that “marks” grains
Rye, oats or wheat
Friendly team of grains on the vine
Siberian wheatgrass - Agropyron fragile (Roth) P. Candargy. 16a. The length of the seeds is 8-10 mm, the spine-like point is up to 2 mm long, often absent. The scales are coarse, slightly rough, with 5 clearly visible veins, of which the middle one stands out more strongly. The inner scales are slightly ciliated along the marginal veins only in the upper part; there are no hairs at the base of the seeds.[...]
Comb-shaped wheatgrass -Agro-pyron peetmmiforme R. et Soh.[...]
Desert wheatgrass-Agropyron desertorum Roem et Schult.[...]
Siberian wheatgrass-Agropyron sibiricum R. B.[...]
In our country there are 13 types of wheatgrass, four of them are cultivated: two broad-growing ones - comb wheatgrass - Agropyron cristatum Gaerth. and comb-shaped wheatgrass -Agropyroh pectiniforme JRoem et Schult, and two narrow-spiked wheatgrass - Siberian, or sandy, wheatgrass - Agropuron sibiricum R.V. and desert wheatgrass - Agropyron desertorum Roem et Schult. [...]
Zheatgrass differ in the shape of the ear, the position of the spikelets in the ear, the density of the ear "and other characteristics shown in Table 98, which can be used to determine the types of wheatgrass. [...]
Desert wheatgrass, narrow-spiked - Agropyron desertorum (Fisch, ex Link.) Schult.[...]
Siberian wheatgrass - Agropyron fragile (Roth) p. Candargy. Feather grass, tyrsa - Stipa capillata L.[...]
Comb wheatgrass - Agropyron cristatum Ga- 14,28,42 erth.[...]
When wheatgrass is infected, dark brown spots with a dark olive coating form on the leaves. The causative agent of the disease is Drechslera tritici-repentis Io. Conidia of the fungus are almost colorless, straight, cylindrical, 45-175X 11.5-22 microns in size with 1-3 transverse partitions. [...]
Varieties of wheatgrass. Krasnokutsky broad-eared 4 - Stavropol Territory, Saratov, Ural regions.[...]
Perennial cereal grasses (without wheatgrass) are tested in the full heading phase. Compliance with the spatial isolation standard is first checked, which should be at least 400 m for these crops. [...]
Barnyard grass, chicken millet - Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. Comb-shaped wheatgrass, broad-spiked - Agropyron pectinatum (Bieb.) Beauv.[...]
As can be seen from Table 22, grasses (currently wheatgrass) are sown in the fall over the wheat stubble in the second year after fallow. When introducing soil-protective crop rotations, it is necessary to clearly develop a transition table and strictly maintain the sequence of alternating crops in strips. Figure 6 shows the layout of strips in a five-field soil-protective crop rotation.[...]
In cultivation, the most widely spread wheatgrass is a perennial loose-bush raised grass. Its stems. reach 70-80 cm. The leaves are narrow-linear, with weak pubescence, green and light green in color. The spikelets are ovoid or pro-oblong-ovate, up to 7 cm long and up to 2.5 cm wide. The position of the spikelets in the spike is comb-like, with clearly noticeable gaps between them. Weight of 1000 seeds is 1.3-2.7 g[...]
The disease is found on hedgehog grass, fescue, brome and wheatgrass in the form of small, diffuse blackish or ocher-brown spots scattered over the surface of the leaf, which sometimes merge. A dirty whitish or reddish coating forms on the spots on the underside of the leaves (color table [...]
In field grass sowing, this group of cereal grasses includes: wheatgrass, rhizomatous wheatgrass, pasture ryegrass, multi-cut ryegrass and Siberian hair grass.[...]
Perennial grasses of the cereal family - timothy, fescue, wheatgrass, bromegrass and others - in field culture are usually cultivated together with perennial legumes as an additional component of the grass mixture in order to increase the collection of green mass and hay and the stability of the crop, especially with a two-year or longer period of using grasses . In the Non-Chernozem zone, red clover is used to sow with timothy; in forest-steppe areas, red clover is used with meadow fescue. In Central Asia, alfalfa is sown with multi-cut ryegrass, etc.[...]
The disease is detected in all areas where cereal grasses are cultivated. Damage is especially common on wheatgrass, fescue, brome without awn and timothy. The causative agents of this disease are imperfect fungi of the genus Drechslera Jto.[...]
In the Karaganda coal basin and on iron ore dumps, alfalfa, wheatgrass, wheatgrass, sweet clover, meadow bluegrass, sainfoin, fescue, and brome are used for biological reclamation. In this case, watering must be carried out. Trees and shrubs are planted selectively in holes and trenches with the complete replacement of inert mineral rock with a humified layer of soil to the depth of distribution of the bulk of the roots. [...]
In addition to the above-mentioned plants, the causative agent of leaf rust affects creeping wheatgrass, soft and roofing brome, common bluegrass, angustifolia bluegrass, meadow fescue and imbricated wheatgrass. All of them can serve additional source infections.[...]
The adult larva overwinters in the root parts of stubble, in the cavities of straws or in the soil. In spring, the larvae develop into adult insects. Initially, they colonize winter wheat, rye, and wheatgrass, and thrips, which emerged later, colonize spring wheat. Eggs are laid in groups of 4-5 pieces. or one on the inner side of the spike glumes, less often - on the stem of the spike. Fertility - up to 60 eggs. It takes six to seven days for the egg to develop. From egg to adult insect there are five stages of development - two larval, one pronymphal and two nymphal stages. The entire development cycle is completed in 14-18 days. The hatched larvae on the same day penetrate to the base of the glumes, then under the flower membranes, where they feed in the grain furrow or on top. By piercing the shell of the grain with its proboscis, the larva sucks out its contents. Depending on the number of larvae feeding on the grain, its weight is reduced by 10-48%. Late-ripening varieties of spring wheat are more damaged by thrips compared to early- and mid-ripening ones.[...]
All species of wheatgrass are grouped into the large botanical genus Agropyron. According to the new systematic classification, this genus is divided into three genera: Elymus L. - wheatgrass, Elytrigia Desv. - wheatgrass and Agropyron Gaertn. - wheatgrass. [...]
Thus, on heavily deflated chestnut soils of the Kulunda steppe, continuous grassing (turfing) for a period of up to five to eight years is most effective. For sowing, you can use comb wheatgrass, wheatgrass, rush grass and Siberian hairs, Tabunskaya alfalfa, sandy sainfoin, sweet clover, and in some areas - fibrous regneria with awnless brome.[...]
The drier the slope and the poorer the soil in nutrients, the greater the proportion in the grass mixture should be occupied by such drought-resistant and less demanding species as wheatgrass (in the south) and sainfoin, and the lesser by alfalfa and awnless brome. Yellow and yellow-hybrid varieties of alfalfa are usually less demanding on growing conditions than blue and blue-hybrid varieties, so they can be used with great success in grass mixtures on slopes (V. A. Cherkasova, 1962; I. A. Skachkov, 1965).[... ]
The average yield increase in the USSR when applying 4-6 t/ra of phosphogypsum for gypsuming solonetzes (steppe and meadow-steppe) was 6.0 t/ha for rice with a control level of 27 t/ha, for perennial grasses (wheat grass, hay) - 2 c/ha with a yield on the control plot of 9 c/ha. In the USA, the increase in wheat yield on various soils reaches 4-15 c/ha in the first year of using phosphogypsum.[...]
Taking into account the above, when planting grass, one has to adhere to the following provisions: on soils held together by any at least occasionally located plants (wild and weeds), grain crops are sown in the fall without pre-treatment. In spring, in moist soil, it germinates regardless of the fall or absence of spring rains. The unreliability of spring sowing lies in the rapid drying of the top layer of soil and the possibility of not getting seedlings on loose massifs disturbed by erosion; it is necessary to wait for the summer rains to fall; after fine (moldboard or flat-cut) pre-treatment (it is possible without treatment, depending on soil compaction), any spring crops are sown without a break in time to bind and settle the soil with their roots (millet, barley, oats and etc.). If, in a successful rainy summer, the sown plants develop a good grass stand, they should be mowed with green fodder or hay (in no case should they be grazed while standing!) and perennial grasses should be sown along the stubble. If the plants are poorly developed, grass must be sown over them without mowing.[...]
Rye stem moth - Ochsenheimeria taurella Schiff. Distributed in forest and forest-steppe zones of the USSR. Damages winter rye and many types of seeded and wild-growing cereal grasses - rhizomatous wheatgrass, awnless bromegrass, wheatgrass, creeping wheatgrass, etc. Rarely found on winter and spring wheat crops.[...]
Due to the dry continental climate with unstable moisture, the autogenous landscapes of the steppes are treeless, but there is a well-developed grass stand formed by feather grass (Stipa), fescue (Festuca sulcata), steppe grass (Koeleria gracilis), and wheatgrass (Agropyron). All these are perennial turf grasses, equipped with a developed root system for trapping soil moisture. Forbs in grass steppes play a subordinate role and become noticeable only in wet years.[...]
Weeds are permanent hotbeds of numerous types of harmful insects, which always persist here in varying quantities. Thus, cereal flies - Swedish, spring, Meromisa and Hessian - live on different types of wheatgrass, brome, wheatgrass, fescue and other wild and weedy cereals outside of grain crops. Dust-covered lands are most conducive to the habitat of wireworms and false wireworms. The millet mosquito reproduces in large numbers due to chicken millet. The millet ground beetle also feeds on the seeds of this weed.[...]
Dark chestnut and chestnut strongly solonetzic, as well as light chestnut solonetzic soils with a high content of solonetzic soils should be used as pastures with the creation of a good and stable grass stand of drought-resistant and salt-tolerant crops (clover, alfalfa, wheatgrass, etc.). When developing measures to increase the fertility of chestnut soils, it is necessary to take into account provincial characteristics.[...]
The Transbaikal province, especially its southern parts, is characterized by islands of meadow-steppe, steppe and forest-steppe vegetation, confined to intermountain basins. The northernmost is the Barguzin steppe. Along with the steppes, which are dominated by species of grasses such as Leymus chinensis, wheatgrass, fescue, feather grass, tonkonog, etc., and cereal steppes with the participation of caragana species (Caragana, legume family), so-called mixed-grass steppes are characteristic, in which Dicotyledonous plants predominate. In forb steppes, the beautiful lily plant Hemerocallis minor is often found, which sometimes even dominates, and in such cases the forb steppe turns into the so-called yellow lily steppe.[...]
On average, over 6 years, from a total corn sown area of about 500 hectares, the average silage yield was 223 d per 1 hectare with the harvest on neighboring state farms for the same years, but when cultivating corn in field crop rotations, about 100 centners. Over the same years, seed production of alfalfa, wheatgrass, and bromegrass was organized on the strips of perennial grasses. During the transition period, corn was cultivated in strips between crops. various cultures continuous sowing (oats, barley, hay mash).[...]
During the radical reclamation of eroded slope lands on the farm, in combination with forest reclamation measures, they are improved (after the construction of ditches, leveling and leveling work) by planting them with perennial grasses. Good results were achieved by terracing slopes with a steepness of 12-16° and sowing wheatgrass and an alfalfa-wheatgrass mixture on them. On a number of terraces, single- or double-row plantings of pine and other tree species have been created, which promote better growth of seeded and natural grasses.[...]
The most common mesophilic grasses are: timothy, awnless brome, meadow fescue, red fescue, cocksfoot, tall ryegrass, perennial ryegrass, meadow bluegrass, meadow foxtail, giant bentgrass (white).[...]
This means that the process of destruction of lumps under these conditions proceeds more vigorously than the process of their restoration under the influence of perennial grasses.[...]
It is especially difficult to achieve tinning of shifting sands. This is due to the peculiarities of the water and nutritional regimes of the sands, combined with their high mobility. Plants on sand are subjected not only to cutting, but also to blowing and falling asleep. Most suitable for cultivation on sandy soils of the south and southeast of the European part of Russia in the arid steppe are alfalfa (blue, light blue, yellow, blue hybrid, variegated hybrid), sandy sainfoin, yellow and Caspian sweet clover, Siberian wheatgrass and Lavrenko, sorghum, Sudan grass, sandy twig, gray wheatgrass, etc.; in the semi-desert - Siberian wheatgrass, alfalfa, common twig, sandy oats, Sudanese grass, Chernov's wormwood. In the desert zone, sandy oats, Siberian wheatgrass, Karelin's aristida and pinnate, kumarchiki (sandy, broad-leaved, small), and gorani-novia are used to consolidate shifting sands. These types of sand-loving plants are used in combination with mechanical protection and mulching substances, which ensure the possibility of seedlings.[...]
In addition, transporting manure over long distances is sometimes much more expensive than enriching the soil with organic matter by sowing green manure. In various regions of our country, legumes are used primarily as green manure: perennial and annual lupine, seradella, sweet clover, winter and spring vetch, field peas, pelyushka, astragalus, china, alfalfa, clover, lentils, shabdar, sainfoin, as well as non-leguminous plants - mustard, winter and spring rape, phacelia, oilseed radish, wheatgrass, etc. Moreover, early spring, subsowing and stubble (as fallow crops) methods of sowing green manure are used. In many cases, undercover and underseeding methods of sowing lupine and some other green manures under winter and spring cereals, as well as under row crops, are the most effective. This allows you to achieve the desired result without disrupting crop rotation and without reducing the area sown with the main crop. The high efficiency of using green manure on washed away soils has been proven in our country and abroad.[...]
To the south, meadow steppes were characterized by forb-feather grass and fescue-feather grass associations. Xerophytic plants took a relatively greater part in their grass cover, the main background of which in the forb-feather grass steppes was narrow-leaved feather grass, fescue, thin legged grass, steppe oats, drooping sage, Volga adonis, bluebells, sedge, steppe plantain, spurge, mountain clover, etc. In the type-chakovo-feather grass steppes, low-stemmed feather grass, tyrsa, fescue, wheatgrass, and sedges predominated. Moisture deficiency contributed to the development of ephemerals and ephemeroids in these steppes - mortuk, bulbous bluegrass, tulips, alyssum, wormwood with a degree of projective cover of 40-60%.[...]
Overseeding of grasses is used in various natural zones of the USSR. In the forest zone, different types of legumes are recommended for this: clover, horned grass; in the forest-steppe zone - types of clover, sainfoin and alfalfa; in the steppe - alfalfa, sainfoin and yellow sweet clover. Grass mixtures for overseeding include the appropriate cereal grasses adopted for sowing grass mixtures in these zones (upper loose-bush and rhizomatous grasses, as well as bottom grasses). In the arid conditions of the Southeast and in the dry steppe, it is recommended to sow grass mixtures from wheatgrass, furrowed fescue, prostrate kochia, straight brome, and hybrid alfalfa.[...]
Research conducted over a long period of time by the feed production department of the All-Russian Research Institute of Agriculture has proven the possibility of significantly increasing the productivity of these lands through their radical and superficial improvement. In the production experiment, the improved areas were treated during the summer using pure fallow in order to destroy natural vegetation, accumulate moisture in the soil to obtain normal seedlings of perennial grasses and more intensive their development and growth. In the spring of 1959, a coverless sowing of a grass mixture of perennial cereals and legumes (wheatgrass, sainfoin and alfalfa) was carried out. The legume components remained in the grass mixture for the first 4-5 years, and then were completely replaced by wheatgrass. For 13 years, the grass was cut annually for hay (Table 33).[...]
It has been revealed that the list of phytocenoses used by the gray lark for nesting is quite diverse (communities of white wormwood, black wormwood, common wormwood, sarsazan, kokpek, suran, bulbous bluegrass), but the greatest abundance of the species is characteristic of black wormwood. With regard to the plant communities it occupies, the species is flexible when choosing nesting territories. However, a detailed analysis of the structural component of these phytocenoses revealed that they are all characterized by small values of the total projective cover of the herbage, its medium height, low values of the vertical heterogeneity index and fairly high horizontal heterogeneity in comparison with other phytocenoses that are widely represented in the study area, but not occupied by the gray lark (communities of fescue, desert wheatgrass, Lessing's feather grass, woolly milkweed, yarrow tansy, antlers, etc.). The differences between the territories occupied and unoccupied by the gray lark for all these indicators are significant at the level of significance [...]
Zhitnyak(Agropyron) is a perennial loose-bush cereal plant. Introduced into culture by V.S. Bogdan at the end of the 19th century at the Valuysk experimental station, and then became widespread in many arid regions of the Volga region, in the southern and southeastern regions.
Zhitnyak It has good feeding qualities, nutritional value, and contains 10–12% protein. 100 kg of calico hay contains 53.2 feed units. In terms of digestibility, it can be equated to good meadow hay.
Characterized by high drought resistance, wheatgrass widely cultivated in the southern and steppe regions and in the arid steppe regions of the Volga region, Kazakhstan and Siberia.
Of all the cereal components in legume-cereal grass mixtures in arid regions, wheatgrass occupies one of the first places as the most drought-resistant crop. In less arid areas, its yield is significantly inferior to other perennial cereals.
Botanical description:
The root system is fibrous and penetrates the soil to a depth of 2–2.5 m. The stem is hollow, well leafy. Its height is 50–80 cm, less often – more. Wheatgrass has many shoots per plant. When sown without cover, plants of the first year of life had up to 40 shoots.
The fruit is membranous with a awn-like point. Weight of 1000 seeds is 1.8–2.1 g. The inflorescence is a spike. Based on the structure of the ear, a distinction is made between narrow-eared and narrow-eared wheatgrass. Of the narrow-spiked wheatgrass, two types are most widespread: Siberian and desert.
Siberian wheatgrass, or brittle (Agropyron fragile R. Candargy), under natural conditions, distributed in the sandy steppes of Western Siberia, the Lower Volga, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Found in southern Ukraine and the Caucasus. It has become widespread in agriculture in the south-eastern regions of the country.
Desert wheat grass(Agropyron desertorum Schult.) grows in the steppes of the Caspian lowland. Found in the desert steppe. The most drought-resistant type of wheatgrass.
Among wide-eared wheatgrass, two types are common in culture: comb-shaped and comb-shaped.
Comb-shaped wheatgrass(Agropyron pectinatum Bcauv.) is widespread in the steppes, dry meadows and estuaries of the southern forest-steppe of the European part, Western Siberia, Central Asia and the Caucasus. It is most widely used in agriculture in steppe and dry steppe regions.
Comb wheatgrass(Agropyron cristatum Beauv.) is distributed in Eastern Siberia, Central Asia, and Altai. It is characterized by the highest winter hardiness and high drought resistance.
Biological features:
As already noted, wheatgrass has high bushiness. Frost resistance and winter hardiness are very good. According to these indicators, it is superior to alfalfa. Possessing great drought resistance, wheatgrass is able to tolerate prolonged drought, and after precipitation falls, it can regrow well. Grows on neutral and slightly saline soils. To form 1 kg of dry mass, it consumes 2.2 kg of N, 0.54 kg of P2 O5 and 2.1 kg of K2 O from the soil. It can grow in one place for 15–20 years or more. The highest yields are produced in the first 4–5 years of life.
Place in crop rotation:
In crop rotation, wheatgrass usually takes place after winter crops, sown in black and clean fallows, or after spring crops (following winter crops), under the cover of which it is sown in grass mixtures. Wheat grass mixed with alfalfa can serve as a good precursor for grain crops, in particular wheat.
Fertilizers:
As data from the Sinelnikovsky Selection and Experimental Station show, the application of 20t/ha of manure to the previous crop increases the yield of wheat wheat hay by 17.6 centners and narrow-eared wheatgrass by 5.3 centners. It is recommended to apply mineral fertilizers per 1 ha: 45–60 kg P 2 O5, 30–45 K2 O and 30–50 kg N. The specified amount of fertilizer is applied for the main plowing. It is advisable to give 50 kg/ha of granulated superphosphate when sowing along with seeds.
Soil treatment:
After harvesting the predecessor, the stubble is peeled, then after two to three weeks the field is plowed with a plow with a skimmer to a depth of 20–25 cm, and sometimes 30 cm. In the spring, early harrowing is carried out, then cultivation with harrowing and sowing of grasses simultaneously with sowing of the cover crop. In each specific case, the soil cultivation system will be modified. However, it must be borne in mind that the success of grain crop cultivation largely depends on the quality of cultivation of the site. The soil should be free of weeds and well supplied with moisture and nutrients.
Sowing:
The sowing rate of wheatgrass seeds of 100% economic suitability in pure row sowing is 10–12 kg/ha, in grass mixtures – 8–10 kg/ha, in wide-row sowing – 5–7 kg/ha. The seed sowing depth is 2–3 cm.
Crop care:
When harvesting a cover crop, it is advisable to leave stubble 15–20 cm high. This ensures greater snow accumulation, better wintering of grain crops and increases hay yield.
In early spring, harrows are used to remove stubble from the field. After harvesting the grass mixture or grain crop for hay, the fields are again harrowed with heavy harrows in two tracks.
Harvest:
The best period for harvesting wheatgrass and grass mixtures with its participation for hay is the period from heading to the beginning of flowering. In steppe regions, the mown grass is immediately raked into windrows. After 1–2 days, the hay can be baled. On some hot days, the grain crop, mowed in the morning, can be stacked by the evening.
Harvesting for seeds. When the grain crop ripens, the ripe seeds fall off easily. It is often harvested in the middle of wax ripeness in a separate way. The duration of wax ripeness is 10–12 days, so it is not difficult to determine optimal time the beginning of separate harvesting of the testes.
When the end of waxy ripeness approaches, it is necessary to remove the seeds by direct harvesting. It should be remembered that when harvesting grain crops too early, seed germination is 15–20% lower than when harvesting at the end of the wax ripeness phase or in the full ripeness phase. In addition, when harvesting the testes in early dates In the seed material, so-called doubles and triples are found in significant quantities - parts of the wheat grain spikelet. If there are a large number of undestroyed spikelets with seeds, the heap is passed through a clover grinder, and then again through grain cleaning machines.