Natalia Dmitrieva
Dear Colleagues! Of course, you are all well aware of the TRIZ technology - the theory of solving inventive problems. In the 30s, this theory made a revolution in our Soviet science! The use of technology in early childhood education peaked in the 1980s, but many of us still use it in our work today. TRIZ technology helps us develop children's imagination, develop logical thinking, and develop the ability to pose and solve problems. There are many methods for this technology - this is the method of focal objects, the method of morphological tables and work on the development of word creation, but today I want to dwell on how TRIZ technology helps solve the problem of introducing children to phenomena in inanimate nature. If you are already familiar with my publications, then you know that I have this rule - IF YOU UNDERSTAND, UNDERSTAND, THEN YOU WILL KNOW! It is TRIZ that helps children understand what is happening in the world inanimate nature: why stone is solid and water is liquid, why snow melts in heat, and water turns into steam when heated. There is another method in TRIZ technology - this is the method of SIMULATION BY SMALL PEOPLE. Little people, in the understanding of us adults, are molecules (of course, you all remember this from your school chemistry course). Remembering that everything around us consists of molecules - tiny particles that are interconnected in a certain way, it is easy to explain to children the aggregate states of substances and phenomena in inanimate nature.
I bring to your attention the first lesson in this series:
Topic of the lesson: "The use of modeling by little people when introducing older children to objects of inanimate nature"
Purpose of the lesson: to introduce children to the aggregate states of substances in inanimate nature
Tasks:
Using the Little People Modeling (LMM) method. Explain to children why substances are solid, liquid, and gaseous;
Expand children's understanding of the diversity of inanimate substances;
Teach children to experimentally determine the state of aggregation of surrounding substances;
Teach children to model inanimate objects;
Materials and equipment:
Planar images of “little people” models characterizing such substances as: water, milk, air, wood, fog, stone, juice, caramel, smoke;
Cups of water and milk, a wooden block, a small stone, a piece of plastic, a wooden stick, empty plastic bag small size (all equipment is prepared for each child);
Handout cards with "little people" models;
Bottle of lemonade (plastic);
Progress of the lesson:
1. Statement of the problem - can you draw a bottle of lemonade without USING a pencil or paints?
2. The teacher’s story about the little people living around us
Guys, today I want to tell you that everything that exists
Around us there are stones, a tree, a puddle, and toys, and you and I are made up of tiny particles that can only be seen with an electron microscope. There are so many of these particles that when they combine with each other, they turn, for example, into stone. These particles are very different and they differently are friends with each other.
Some particles, let's call them little people, are very friendly, they always hold hands so as not to get lost, they hold on so tightly that they cannot be separated. Like you and me when we play
"ALI - babu." These little men are called strong, solid, and that’s exactly what they are. live in stones, wood, mountains. I'll show you their photo
See how tightly they hold on - their friendship cannot be destroyed! These are solid people and they form all the solid substances and objects on our planet!
Other little people also do not run far from each other, but they are not so friendly, they just stand next to each other and only touch their elbows. If we remember our game about "Ali Baba", then you will understand how easily you can get through them. These little people live in liquid substances, so you and I can easily put a spoon in a glass of tea and stir the sugar!
I'll show you their photo too
Well, the third little men are generally hooligans! They move as they please and don’t hold hands at all! Agree that it’s very easy to walk through such little people! They live in substances such as air, smoke, fog. Such substances are called gaseous. It’s a difficult word, but you and I are already big and need to learn new words!
I'll show you their photo too:
I told you this story about little people, and now let’s find out for ourselves where which little people live.
3. Assignment - experiment "Where do some little people live?"
A. Children are asked to take turns trying to pierce a wooden block, a stone, or a piece of plastic with a wooden stick. As a result of experience, children find out that this is impossible to do! This means that friendly little people live in all these substances! These substances are solid!
B. Children are asked to take turns piercing the water in a glass and the milk in a glass with a wooden stick. As a result of the experiment, children find out that the stick passes through water and milk quite easily. This means that not very friendly people live here! But still, they are nearby, otherwise we would not have seen water or milk! Liquid people live in all these substances and such substances are called liquid.
Q. Guys, how can we find the third men? Where can we get, for example, smoke or air? (children's answers, perhaps they will say that the air is around us) I suggest you catch the air! Take the package. Is it empty? Now, take the bag by the upper corners and try to twist it. Oh, what did we get in our package? (the package is inflated like a balloon). Yes guys, you and I caught the air! Air is all around us! Try piercing it with your hand - will it work? And it’s very easy! Because those same unfriendly little people live in the air!
4. Outdoor game "Games of little people"
Children act as little people and show in which substance which little people live. The teacher says: stone - children hold hands, juice - children stand next to each other, touching their elbows, air - children run away from each other, dangling their arms and legs, etc.
5. Didactic exercise "Recognize the substance"
The teacher shows the children models of various little people - the children’s task is to find out what substance they are talking about.
For example:
This is milk
This is caramel, lollipop, candy
This is water (transparent men)
This is a tree
This is air (transparent men)
You can come up with your own little people. I hope the idea is clear.
6. Didactic exercise "Show me a bottle of lemonade"
I think, guys, that now we can show you a bottle of lemonade when we learned about little people.
What is the bottle made of? (made of plastic) Plastic is a solid substance, so some of the children will hold hands and pretend to be a bottle. What kind of substance is lemonade? (liquid). Other children will pretend to be lemonade - they will stand next to each other, touching their elbows. What else is in lemonade that is especially visible when we open the bottle? (bubbles) Yes, they add it to lemonade for effervescence. carbon dioxide. Let's choose who will show the bubbles. ?
Children, with the help of a teacher, pretend to be a bottle of lemonade.
Our lesson has ended, I praise you for your attention and hope that today you have learned a lot of new things from the life of inanimate nature.
Dear Colleagues! Don't be afraid and try this activity with your children! I assure you - it's interesting!
MASTER CLASS
"Modeling with little people"
Prepared and conducted:
Educator
Kurnoskina Marina Anatolyevna
Dear Colleagues! The topic of my master class: “Modeling with little people.”
As an epigraph to it I want to take the words: A.I.Grina - “Training, built on the assimilation of specific facts, has outlived its usefulness in principle, because facts quickly become outdated, and their volume tends to infinity.”
Presentation
The purpose and objectives of the master class:
- Improve teachers' knowledge about TRIZ technology;
- Show methods of modeling objects and phenomena of inanimate nature (IMP);
- Increase competence in the field of innovative technologies.
The Federal State Educational Standard indicates that “at present, methods that ensure the formation of independent creative work are beginning to prevail in the education system.” educational activities preschoolers aimed at solving life problems.”
Dear colleagues, I would like to present to your attention a method within the framework of this master class. This is a method - Modeling with Little People (MMH), which helps me implement the tasks:
- Development of cognitive and research activities;
- Formation of children’s primary ideas about phenomena and processes occurring in inanimate nature;
- Development of the ability to establish cause-and-effect relationships between natural phenomena;
- Development of imagination and creative activity;
- Development of the ability to model objects and phenomena of inanimate nature.
At first glance, it may seem complicated, but if you figure it out, I assure you that it is very exciting, interesting, and productive. Both for children and for teachers.The “Little Men Method” was developed on the basis of synectics (symbolic and personal analogy), which allows you to visually see and feel natural phenomena, the nature of the interaction of objects and their elements; ideas about the internal structure of living and inanimate bodies, objects. Explain internal structure bodies and their properties can be said like this: “The bodies around us consist of little men, but they are very small and we cannot see them. Little people are the molecules that make up substances. They are constantly moving. In a solid body there are a lot of little men, they hold hands and stand close to each other, in liquids the little men stand more freely and other little men can “pass” between them, and in gases the distance between the little men is greatest.
Why little men?
- They can think, perform actions, behave differently;
- They have different characters and habits, they obey different commands;
- When modeling, you can put yourself in their place, feel and understand through actions, sensations, and interactions.
It is advisable to invent and draw symbols together with the children, then the symbols will be better remembered and understandable to them. But there are certain rules that must be followed:
- Men of solid matter: wood, stone, glass, fabric, plastic have a common property - they hold their shape, they hold hands, and the men of stone hold on tighter than the men of glass (on symbol cards, the hands of these men are lowered down).
- Little people of liquid substances: milk, tea, water, jelly, etc. - little droplet men; they take the form of the vessel into which they are poured: these little men do not hold hands; their hands are on their belts;
- People of gaseous matter are constantly in motion: they are always running somewhere, flying (gas, steam, smoke).
Where to begin?
Stage 1 - building simple models with children;
Stage 2 – modeling of interactions between two substances;
Stage 3 – modeling of complex interactions and the state of surrounding objects, their transition from one state to another.
You can start building simple models with children from the middle group
Types of models of little people.
- The roles of little people are played by children;
- Cards with pictures of little people. These are pre-prepared cards: flat images of MCH or schematically drawn.
- Cubes with images of little people;
- Schematic representation of MPs, which are drawn by the children themselves.
Games with teachers.
Now we will go with you to the country of little people who live in different towns.
Do you know what these little people are?
The tough little people hold hands tightly so that nothing happens, so that no one and nothing can slip between them.
The liquid men keep their hands on their belts, but touch each other with their elbows so that they can slip between them.
Gaseous or running people live in various smells and liquid bubbles. They fly all the time, i.e. running.
(I select teachers who will play with me)
So, along this path (TT marker) those who
who consists of solid natural men. You name yourself (an object consisting of solid people). For example, “I am a stone...”. (Introducing themselves, the teachers walk along the path to the city of solid men)
Solid MPs are strong, strong, we know how to keep their shape).
Teachers, walking along the path, identify themselves.
Are you happy here in your town, little people?
(They love to flow, pour, change shape, travel, mix).
The road led us to the city of the most cheerful gaseous men. We need to go through it. Residents of the land of gaseous men, follow the path! (As they pass, the teachers call themselves: I am the smell of a flower, I am the smell of perfume, I am a breath of steam, fog, etc.)
How do you live in your city? (We don’t mind going everywhere, we don’t like to “sit” in one place, we love movement! We would like to make friends with other people.)
The second stage, modeling the interactions of two substances, can be started with children of senior preschool age. And I suggest you
go to the next city, to the city of mixed Humans. Put on hats with markers of your cities and, united in pairs or triplets, identify yourself.
TJ - water in a glass, ice in water...
TG - balloon,
GZ – mineral water, lemonade, air bubbles in the water...
TGZh – person, plant, animal, aquarium...
Everything that surrounds us, and we ourselves consist of little people, the only difference is in the number of different people and in each individual object and their connections.
Games.
"Name something hard"- exercise the ability to select objects according to their state of aggregation.
"Freeze" - a game on the ability to simulate solid and liquid substances.
"Little Men"- ability to quickly respond to signals “solid”, “liquid”, “gaseous”.
"Magic Path"- exercise the ability to select objects based on two characteristics: state of aggregation and color.
Game "Cubes" - (on the edges of which there are figures of “little” people and symbolic interactions between them) helps the child make his first discoveries, carry out scientific research research work at your own level, get acquainted with the patterns of living and inanimate nature. With the help of such “men”, children make models of “Pond”, etc.
IN preparatory group in direct educational activities according to O.O. " Cognitive development“When explaining to children the water cycle in nature, you can use a fairy tale.
The Adventure of Raindrops.
“Once upon a time there were little human droplets in a cloud. There were a lot of them. They were cheerful, restless, light. One day, having played out, they didn’t even notice that they had broken away from the cloud and were falling to the ground. But even on earth they did not want to part with each other. And those little droplets that fell far away ran to their friends. And when everyone gathered together, it turned out to be a trickle. Were they glad that they were all together again, they began to gurgle, whisper and ran on to see what was there?
They ran and ran and came to the river. It’s good that the river was located below the place where the little droplets fell, otherwise it would have been very difficult to run up, the little men wouldn’t have reached their relatives.
And in the river there are even more of the same water people. They were happy to meet and let's have fun, jump, jump over each other. The river began to bubble and rustle. But gradually the little men got tired and calmed down. We decided to rest. And suddenly we felt how cold it was. These frosty little men really wanted to play with them, but while the water ones were jumping, the frosty ones could not grab them or approach them. And now, when the water men were tired and calmed down, the frosty ones sat down next to them and hugged the water men. The aquatic ones, feeling that they were freezing, began to cuddle up to each other to warm the MC. They pressed so closely together that they turned to ice. But the little men were not upset. Over the summer they were tired and wanted to rest. The little people knew that time will pass and the sun will warm up again, they will become warm and will be able to run and tumble and play any games. And even visit my grandmother - Cloud. After listening to a fairy tale, children build a variable model of the transition from one substance to another.
Now you will try to create models yourself using MMC.
Group assignment:
Group 1 – creating a model - a glass of water;
Group 2 - creating a model - a glass of water with ice;
Group 3 - creating a model - a glass of lemonade.
Where else can you use MMC?
- in regime moments;
- GCD according to O.O. “Cognitive development” - the formation of elementary mathematical concepts. You can measure objects by length, reinforce the concepts of “more - less”, “heavier - lighter”, etc.
- In the visual arts - color mixing.
- In O.O. “Speech development” - children are offered a model of various combinations of vowels and consonants.
- Little people can be used to model social relationships.
Reflection
Technology name | Technology for solving inventive problems |
Adoption of TRIZ technology | "The Little Men Method" |
What does it give to a child? |
|
What does it give to a teacher? |
|
Dear colleagues, you were grateful listeners and did an excellent job with the proposed games and game exercises. Use various TRIZ techniques in your work, and the inexhaustible source of children's imagination will be fully revealed to you.
Evaluation of the master class work
I propose to evaluate my master class. Leaves flew onto the path.
- I liked the games. I will use them in my work, let a yellow leaf fly.
- It wasn't bad. But I don’t know whether I will use games in my work, let a green leaf fly.
- Understood nothing. It was not interesting, let a red leaf fly.
Literature:
- Sidorchuk T.A., “I explore the world” Methodological complex for working with preschoolers. – Ulyanovsk, LLC “Vector – S”, 2014.
- Gutkovich I.Ya. Toolkit on organizing and conducting developmental knowledge with preschoolers / Scientific method. development center education N242 "Sadko". - Ulyanovsk, 1996.
- Pedagogy + TRIZ: Collection of articles for teachers and educators.
- N.M. Zhuravleva, T.A. Sidorchuk, N.V. Khizhnyak, “OTSM – TRIZ – RTV technologies as a universal means of developing key competencies of preschool children,”Methodological manual for teachers of preschool educational institutions, 2007.
- http://volga-triz.org/ (Official website Volga - TRIZ)
- www.altshuller.ru (official fund of G.S. Altshuller)
Good day to all! Do you remember, dear adults, how as a child your parents and teachers explained problems to you using apples, candies, toy trains and stuffed animals?
You will be surprised, but after many years, many things have remained unchanged in the fundamental principles of pedagogy. This also applies to the well-known “on your fingers” approach. The little people method also falls into this category of “explainers.” And, despite the seeming childishness, this technique works just fine.
Let's start with the fact that the Little Men Method (LMM) appeared within the framework of the theory of solving inventive problems thanks to its founding father , Heinrich Altshuller. The scientist decided that with the help of funny little people, it would be easier for both the youngest and older inventors to understand the essence of various phenomena occurring at the micro level.
It is worth noting that Altshuller was not alone in this sense, because A similar principle had been applied long before by the famous British physicist Maxwell. A mature and really very smart scientist (that’s me in case you suddenly began to doubt this) represented various physical processes in the form of the corresponding actions of funny gnomes.
This way he was able to find competent solutions to problems faster than if he had used only dry formulas and calculations. In addition, with this approach, Maxwell, quite possibly, simply found a way for himself to perceive complex and serious science as an exciting, funny game.
And if you are not too lazy to delve into history a little more, you will find out that the principle of simplifying the conditions of problems by presenting certain complex systems in the form of the simplest and most understandable things has been used by many researchers. So, why don’t we follow their example?!
How it works?
The essence of MMC is to replace certain complex systems groups of people acting in a specific way - in accordance with the properties of a given system. For example, if we talk about different states of matter, they can be expressed as follows:
- Solid. This is a group of little people who stand close to each other and hold hands tightly.
- Liquid. This is a group of little people who always stand close to each other, but do not hold hands.
- Gaseous. The little people are quite far from each other and are not holding hands.
As a result, it becomes clear that the first group will only move as a whole. Otherwise, you will have to figure out a way to separate the friendly people. But with the third group this will not be a problem; here you will still have to try to gather all the little people into one pile, because they are always trying to scatter to the sides.
This method of associative thinking works great for preschoolers who are just learning to solve their first “adult” problems, and for schoolchildren who are already quite old.
Moreover, in the case of the same states of matter, the children can be asked to take on the role of little men and, depending on the situation, try to act in one way or another. So children will understand in the form of a very simple and visual fun game basic principles actions of the MMC method.
Due to its simplicity and effectiveness, the technique is actively used not only by teachers in preschool educational institutions and schools, but also by parents themselves during educational games at home.
Examples of solving problems with MMC
The principle of using little men includes three stages:
- Find out what exactly causes a certain contradiction or difficulty in the system.
- Understand exactly which element of the system experiences contradictions in relation to its physical (or, perhaps, chemical) state when certain ideality requirements are imposed on it. That is, which element is not able to become ideal due to objective reasons.
- Depict this element in the form of a group of little people or launch a “quick response group” into it in the form of the same tiny assistants. In this case, there can be as many people as desired. And they can do absolutely whatever your heart desires! Any whim will be fulfilled in the blink of an eye. It is fundamentally important not to think about how these nimble kids will carry out your next order. Focus on what (!) exactly they will do in order to cope with the task and eliminate the very contradictions that prevent you from sleeping peacefully. Having found out this, you can already choose a competent solution to the problem, acting by analogy with what the little men did.
As a hint, we can add that in most cases, in order to eliminate some kind of contradiction, it is necessary to change in one way or another those elements that come into contact with the operational zone.
Problem
In spring and autumn, when the weather outside has not yet settled and the temperature jumps back and forth, utility workers face one serious difficulty. The snow that accumulates in the upper part of the gutters melts and freezes again many times, forming ice plugs inside the pipes.
Then, with the next warming, these plugs melt and with all their impressive mass they rush down the pipe with a roar, tearing off the lower parts of the structure. As a result, drainpipes have to be repaired very often.
Middle school children were asked to come up with a solution to this problem. To do this, it was first necessary to determine the operational zone - that is, the one in which the problem arises. As already noted, it becomes the upper part of the pipe in which snow accumulates.
Then it was necessary to identify the cause of the problem - the formation of ice plugs. In conclusion, it was proposed to formulate the ideal end result - the cork does not fall down the pipe until it has completely melted.
After thinking, the guys decide that this would be possible if the plug were somehow held on to the walls of the pipe themselves. But in this case, as soon as it starts to melt, it will fall. Which means she can’t melt. A contradiction arises - you need to melt, but you can’t.
Schoolchildren call little people for help, launching them into the source of the problem - a traffic jam. Here they are trying to hold back a heavy piece of ice rushing down. To do this, the little men join hands in a chain. The top ones grab the top of the pipe to hold their comrades on themselves. And the lower ones wrap around the cork itself.
The students carefully draw this entire composition and, looking at the finished picture, give the answer - “We need to put something strong into the pipe that could hold ice on it. For example, wire. The ice will freeze around it, and as it thaws, it will slowly flow down. And so on until the entire traffic jam “dissolves.” Great, a solution has been found, bravo!
Special books on For children, we can recommend a bright, interesting series of books to help develop this kind of thinking. "Kolobok's Newest Adventures" . And adults will learn a huge amount of new and useful things from the book by Yuri Salamatov "How to become an inventor" and him TRIZ training .
I hope that I have inspired you enough to master new technique. If you have questions, ask them in the comments to the article. I will definitely answer everyone. That's all, see you next time! Yours, Yuri Okunev.
Download:
Preview:
Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution
MBDOU " Kindergarten No. 13" Kanash
Completed by: teacher of the 1st quarter. categories
Vasilyeva M.M.
Kanash, 2017
Progress of the master class
Dear colleagues, I want, within the framework of this master - class to present to your attention a method that helps me implement the tasks for disclosure creative potential of preschool children. At first glance, it may seem complicated, but if you figure it out, I assure you that it is very exciting, interesting, and productive. As forchildren and for the teacher. When working with older preschoolers, I actively use the method"Modeling with little people"allowing you to clearly see and feel natural phenomena, the nature of the interaction of objects and their elements
The purpose of our master class:to introduce teachers to the TRIZ technology method “Modeling with little people”.
Dear teachers, today we will go on an exciting journey to the TRIZ planet. .But before you go on this journey, you and I must remember: “What is TRIZ and why is it needed?” TRIZ is a theory for solving inventive problems.
Society needs people who are intellectually courageous, independent, who think originally, who know how to make non-standard decisions and who are not afraid to do so.
Preschool childhood– this is that special age when the ability to creatively solve problems that arise in different situations in a child’s life (creativity) appears. preschool age process knowledge in a child it occurs in an emotional and practical way. Every preschooler is a little explorer, discovering the world around him with joy and surprise. The child strives for active activity, and it is important not to let this desire to fall asleep help him further development. Therefore, I consider it important to use TRIZ methods and techniques for the development of imagination, speech, to teach them to think systematically, to understand the processes occurring in nature.
Before I set myself the following tasks:
- Introduce teachers to TRIZ technologies;
- Encourage the use of the “Modeling with Little People” method in the joint activities of the teacher and children;
- Activate and support the creative potential of teachers, develop professional competence.
There are the following technologies based on TRIZ
Today we will try the MMC method
This is a method - Modeling with Little People (MMH), which helps formation dialectical ideas about various objects and processes of living and inanimate nature, develops the child’s thinking, stimulates his curiosity. In games and exercises with MP, imagination and fantasy are developed, therefore, the ground is created forformation of proactive, inquisitivecreative personality.
The teacher addresses the guests seminar:
Only today and only now,
Only with us and only with you
I suggest plunging into the world of childhood with pleasure and of course excitement. Feel yourself far from the hustle and bustle of life and difficulties.
In my work with getting to know Little People, the wizard Ozhivolyalka helps me
The Wizard of the Animator has composed a fairy tale and wants me to tell it to you.
"A Tale of Little Men"
(reading a fairy tale is accompanied by showing diagrams)
Once upon a time there were little people, and they went for a walk around the world.They were so small that no one noticed them. They felt so offended that they began to stomp their feet and scream, but still no one saw them. Then one of them offered : “Let’s hold hands tightly and leave this country where no one notices us.” "So they did.(Slide No. 10)
But here's what happened. As soon as they held hands tightly, everyone saw them. “Look what a big mountain, what a solid stone, what strong glass, iron and wood,” everyone around said. “What happened to us,” the little men were surprised, we became wood, metal, glass and stone.” They felt so good and happy that they clapped their hands. But as soon as they stopped holding hands, water started running from the mountains. “So, if we hold hands tightly, we will be solids, and if we just stand next to each other, we will be liquids,” said the little men.
And the naughtiest little people didn’t want to hold hands and didn’t want to stand next to each other. They began to run, jump, tumble, and they turned into air, smoke over the fire and the smell of mother’s perfume.
This is how little people live now.
In solids, they hold hands tightly and require force to separate them..
In liquids they stand next to each other. This connection is fragile, they can be separated (for example, by pouring water)
In gaseous substances they run and jump. They can live in various odors and bubbles.
Teacher: Where is it suggested to start working to get to know people? The work begins with a preliminary conversation, I tell you that all objects consist of parts, and propose to name what parts it consists of. For example , brick, paper, soap, wire, stone, etc.. Usually children give the following answers: “A brick consists of small pieces of brick”, “Soap consists of small pieces of soap”...
To summarize the children's responses, I point out that these small particles that make up substances are called “molecules.” We can say that a brick consists of brick molecules, water - from water molecules, paper - from paper molecules...
You will learn about molecules in detail when you study at school. In the meantime, while you are little, instead of the word “molecules” we will say “little people”.
Now we will go with you to the country of little people who live in different towns.
Teacher: but what will we fly on?(children's options)
Educators: On a spaceship.
Teacher: Where is this ship? He's gone! What should I do?
And a morphological table will help us in creating a spaceship (1 teacher creates on an easel spaceship)
1 2 3 4
A - “Rocket Nose”
B – ship hull
IN – shape of portholes
G – number of wings 2, 3, 4, 6
Exercise: Build a spaceship using the combination of A2, B3, B4, D1. (teachers build rockets)
Teacher: Well, this is how we got our spaceship!
Now let's take off. But the captain is missing. It will be me.
We count 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. Start!
So you and I arrived in the city"Tough men"
Hard men want to play a game with you. Who are these tough little people??
A game "Name something hard"
(ball game)
Participants' task:name various solid objects. Whoever made a mistake or repeated it leaves the game. It’s just important to remember that what’s solid is what’s not liquid.
Now let’s close our eyes and imagine that in the laboratory there are little people who really like to conduct experiments.
“There is an iron wire and a metal bar on the table.”
Teacher: Tell me, what are they made of?
Educators: Made of iron.
Teacher: What are they like?
Educators: on a thick thread. On bricks.
Teacher: What can be made from wire and an iron bar?
Educators: A basket. Icon. A typewriter. Pinwheel.
Teacher: What does it take to make a wire basket?
Educators: Bend. Cut. It's hard to do. You have to bend it with your hands.
Teacher: Yes. We need to make an effort. Do you know why?
Little men live in the iron, they are very strong, they hold hands. Can you break the wire? Give it a try. Nothing works out because these little people hold on very tightly. You need a tool to disengage them.
Teacher: You may ask why a wire can be bent, but a piece of iron can only be cut with an ax?
Because the wire is thin, it is easier to force the little men to change their position. There are more people in the block, and therefore you cannot bend it with your hands. Like with a broom, look: here is one twig - I can bend it, but I can’t bend the broom, because... there are a lot of twigs.
Teacher: Well, we've been to the city of tough people, now let's move on.Here we are in the city"Liquid Men"
Let's, dear friends, get to know the liquid people better. Who are they??
In this city, people behave differently in different times of the year. .In winter they turn into ice “the little men hold hands tightly. When spring comes, it gets warm, they give up, stop holding on, and turn into liquid. These are “liquid people” that can easily move.
Teacher: Let's warm up a little and play.
Game "Freeze"
Rules: children move freely around the group. When the teacher gives a signal (with a tambourine or bell), they turn into “icy” ones, i.e. should freeze - “freeze”, repeated signal - “melt”.
Teacher: Let's head to the city now"Gaseous Men"
Gaseous men can be felt if you blow on your palm. These “little men” are very mobile, they can run in the air in different directions, wherever they want. The air consists of “gas men”...
Some "gas men" can be seen when water boils, it turns into steam, which is clearly visible.
Teacher: Residents of that city love to move, let's play with you too.
Outdoor game "Little Men"»
Children's teachers act as little people and show in which substance which little people live. The teacher says:
stone - children hold hands,
juice - children stand next to each other, touching elbows,
air - children run away from each other, swinging their arms and legs, etc.
Teacher: Working with Little Men cards
The teacher prepares a set of cards where little people are symbolically depicted:
The teacher invites you to look at the models and asks you to answer what it could be.
Tell me, what can be changed in the second scheme so that it is not a bottle of milk, but a bottle of lemonade? (add “gaseous men”)
Gaseous people love to fantasize and turn into different objects. They invite you to play and find out what objects they have turned into. Do you agree?
Game "Find out the substance"
Well done! You did an excellent job with all the tasks, our journey has come to an end and it’s time to return home.
Let's start counting: 5, 4, 3, 2, 1.
Here we are at home. So, we visited the cities of the big country TRIZ: the city of solid, liquid and gaseous people.
Everyone was tired from the road and probably hungry. I suggest we all cook compote together, of course, using the “Modeling with Little People” method.
Let's play a game with you"Fruits",
I invite 3 assistants to join me.
I'll turn you into fruit now:
Clap your hands 3 times and turn into a miracle fruit. (Children turn into fruits).
We name who turned into what fruit. Children call.
What can you make from fruits? (juice, jam, salad)
Children, you said that you can make jam, juice, and salad from fruits. Do you know how to cook a delicious compote? What types of compotes are there? (cranberry, apple, lingonberry). Let us not only tell you how to cook compote, but also show us. And our little people will help us with this.
Clap your hands 3 times and turn into little people.
First you need to take a pan.
Who wants to show what kind of pan this is, I need helpers again. Children, what kind of people are you?
We are tough people(stand in a circle and hold hands tightly)
How do tough people behave?
They hold hands tightly.
Now you need to put fresh fruit in the pan. What are they? (they are hard too)
What's missing? That's right, water.
Now let's fill the fruit with water. What kind of people are these?(liquid). How do they behave?(lightly touch each other, for example with elbows)I invite 2 people.
Place the pan on the stove. The water is boiling. How do boiling water men behave?
They are seething, moving, move, boil.(walk side by side, touching...)
Compote always smells delicious, I keep wondering why?
These are gaseous people jumping out of it.
Who wants to be a ferry, come out, I need helpers.
Now the compote is ready. What a tasty, sweet, aromatic, healthy compote we made.
And now you are turning into children again. Thank you, sit down.
Evaluation of the master class work
I propose to evaluate my master class.
- I liked the master class. I will use games when working with children. (Show green smiley face)
- It wasn't bad. But I don’t know whether I will use games in my work, let me show you a yellow emoticon.
- Understood nothing. It was not interesting, let him show a red smiley face.
Dear colleagues, you were grateful listeners and did an excellent job with the proposed games and game exercises. Use various TRIZ techniques in your work, and the inexhaustible source of children's imagination will be fully revealed to you.
Let's imagine that all objects, substances, everything living and inanimate around us consists of little, little people. People behave differently. People of solid bodies (stone, wood) hold hands tightly. Their hands are strong - they cannot unclench or bend. This is why a solid body does not change shape. The liquid people do not hold hands: they stand tightly next to each other, shifting from foot to foot. This is why the liquid does not hold its shape. But if you fill a glass with “liquid” little people, then you can’t add new residents to it: after all, the little people are standing close to each other, there is no free space between them.
“Little Men Method” (MMM) is one of the TRIZ methods. It is offered for study in the second half of the first grade.
The essence of the little men method is as follows. Let's imagine that all surrounding objects consist of little people. There are three types of men: hard, hydratic and pneumatic. Tverdiki stand next to each other and hold hands tightly. The Hydratics also stand next to each other, but do not hold hands. Pneumatics cannot stand still and run around all the time.
With the help of these little people, the objects and processes around us are modeled. For example, a glass of tea will look like this: the bottom and walls are made of solids, inside - hydrates. If the tea is hot, then you will need to add steam above it - several pneumatic guns. If instead of a glass of tea you draw an empty glass, then inside the shell of solids you will need to draw air, i.e. several pneumatics. If instead of tea you draw soda, then pneumatics, i.e. gas, you will need to place it inside the liquid. Etc.
When using the MMM, the concept of “modeling” is introduced in a completely natural way. We MODEL objects using little people. Children understand perfectly well that little people are a way to express very specific properties of objects. Other properties (which we need this moment not important) are not visible in this image (in this MODEL). For example, the model (image) of a glass of tea will not change if the tea is replaced with milk or juice, a glass glass with a plastic one, or a metal pan. In this model we reflect only one important property: liquid is poured into a vessel with solid walls. We abstract from other properties.
Models from MP can be used in two ways: to depict an object using MP or to guess which object a particular model corresponds to. It is convenient to combine both directions: home is assigned to construct models, and the lesson begins with several people drawing the models they have invented on the board, and the rest must guess what exactly was modeled. For the same picture, as a rule, you can come up with several CORRECT explanations. This means that we abstract from the differences that exist in these objects and pay attention only to what they have in common.
Another direction of using MMC is understanding the properties of objects around us and physical processes. When building models, children will act as MCs.
For example, what is the difference between solid and liquid? Why is it that if you squeeze your fingers in a bath of water, only one drop will rise, but if you squeeze a pencil, the whole pencil will rise? To explain this situation, we model it using MP. The pencil is modeled from 10-12 “tverdiki”, which hold each other by the shoulders. If you move one person, the whole row moves. The row can be torn (break the pencil), but both halves will remain solid. If the tverdikovs are replaced with hydratics (let go of your hands), then any of them can be safely separated from the rest.
Another experiment on the same topic is the passage of a solid and a liquid through a hole. A line of hardheads can only exit through the door sideways, while the hydratics can pass freely, each on their own.
Other questions that are modeled very well by little people:
