How many Ukrainians live in Russia? How many Ukrainian schools, classes with instruction in Ukrainian, Ukrainian faculties in universities, groups with Ukrainian language in kindergartens operate in the territory Russian Federation?
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IN Federal service state statistics
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To the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
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According to the Federal Statistics Service, the subject of official statistical accounting for general educational institutions and organizations higher education is the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia.
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T.A. SUVOROVOY
Ligovsky Prospekt, 87, lit. A, p. 23-N, office 300, St. Petersburg
Dear Taisiya Alexandrovna!
The Department of Strategy, Analysis and Forecast of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia forwards to your request the available statistical information on the teaching of the Ukrainian language in educational organizations, the study of which is carried out as an independent subject or optional, at the beginning of the 2014-2015 academic year in the Russian Federation according to the federal statistical observation form No. D -7 “Information on the distribution of institutions implementing general education programs and students in the language of instruction and in the study of their native (non-Russian) language,” approved by Rosstat order No. 466 dated August 27, 2012.
Additionally, we inform you that in accordance with Article 38 of Chapter 4 of the Law of the Russian Federation of December 27, 1991 No. 2124−1 “On the Mass Media”, the provision by state bodies and local governments of information about their activities at the request of editors, if such relations are not regulated legislation of the Russian Federation on mass media, is carried out in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. In accordance with paragraph 6 of Article 18 of Chapter 3 of the Federal Law of February 9, 2009 No. 8-FZ “On ensuring access to information on the activities of state bodies and local governments,” the request is subject to consideration within thirty days from the date of its registration, unless otherwise provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.
Application: on U_l. in 1 copy.
Deputy Director of the Department
I.E. Bystrov
Information about institutions implementing general education programs
and students studying the language of instruction and studying their native (Ukrainian) language
at the beginning of the 2014-2015 academic year in the Russian Federation
On the territory of Ukraine, within its actual borders without Donbass and Crimea, there are actually no more than 24.5 million inhabitants left.
These are the calculations of economist Larisa Shesler, obtained through an analysis of bread and flour consumed in the country.
The economist begins the material with a reminder that in Soviet time information about the amount of bread supplied to the military unit was secret: the number of personnel was easily determined from the consumption of bread.
It is unlikely that this rule has changed today, but as far as production in the country is concerned, today it is difficult to hide this information.
Larisa Shesler analyzed the data published on April 2 following a meeting of experts of the Ukrainian Economic Discussion Club, and came to the conclusion that not 42 million people live in Ukraine, and not even 38 million, taking into account the lost Donbass, but much less.
Ukrainian economists have recorded that bread production in Ukraine has decreased by 2.2 times since 2000, that is, today the average Ukrainian consumes only 26 kg of bread per year per person (according to official statistics of the country's population).
From this, Ukrainian experts concluded that consumption fell either because incomes fell, or because Ukrainians, on the contrary, began to eat like Europeans.
“When the standard of living falls, bread consumption generally increases; bread remains the cheapest source of calories, and it makes up a significant part of the diet of poor pensioners, the poor and the unemployed,” Shesler reminds his colleagues of the basics of economics.
In more prosperous Russia in 2015, bread consumption per capita was 46 kg, i.e. 1.8 times more than in Ukraine (if you believe the same statistics on the population of Ukraine). Moreover, the Southern region, which is close to Ukraine in climate and food traditions, consumes the most bread. federal district- 50 kg per person per year.
The author stipulates that the statistics of the Soviet years cannot be considered representative, since at that time livestock and poultry were fed with cheap bread. In addition, there was a requirement for a mandatory balance of bread at the end of the trading day (up to 15%, which was returned to the bakeries).
Since 1995, it has become unprofitable to feed cows with bread. Then, in difficult years, Russia and Ukraine consumed approximately the same amount of bread, 70 and 75 kg, respectively, that is, even more in Ukraine.
Then the diversity of food forced some of the bread out of the diet. In Russia, the decline was gradual, for example: from 50 kg in 2010 to 46 in 2016. And in Ukraine, suddenly there was just a collapse from 45 kg in 2010, supposedly to 26 kg in 2016.
“And these simple production statistics clearly reveal the dubiousness [falsity] of demographic statistics. It is not bread consumption that has fallen in Ukraine, but the population that has sharply decreased,” the expert concludes.
“Divide the 1 million 123 thousand tons of bread produced in Ukraine even by the Russian consumption norm - 46 kg, and you will find out that according to these calculations, 24.5 million people live in Ukraine today. And this figure is apparently close to the truth,” Shesler makes an intermediate conclusion.
To stop speculation that “Ukraine is Europe” and Ukrainians “eat like Europeans,” the author first cites statistics on bread consumption in European countries.
Bulgarians consume 96 kg/year, Greeks and Greek Cypriots consume 65 kg/year and 74 kg/year, respectively, French and Germans consume 54 kg/year, Belgians 60 kg/year, Dutch 58 kg/year, Poles 56.7 kg/year. year, Italians 52 kg/year.
“Would anyone believe that Poles eat twice as much bread as Ukrainians?” - the author is ironic.
Shesler specifically explains for those who think that in Ukraine they began to bake bread in bread machines, in village ovens, or production was transferred to illegal bakeries.
“At current gas and electricity prices, a loaf baked in the oven becomes golden,” writes the economist.
But for reliability, he analyzes the production of a control product - flour.
It turns out that flour consumption in Ukraine from 2008 to 2016 also decreased by almost 2 times from 2.8 million tons to 1.43 million tons (in production, respectively, 3.03 million and 1.8 million minus exports).
Even if you believe the official demographic statistics, according to which in 2008 there were 46.5 million people living in the country, which is doubtful, it turns out that the collapse was catastrophic.
“And again, judging by the proportion of flour consumed, we see that today the population of Ukraine is half of the number living in 2008, i.e. less than 24 million,” writes Shestler.
Thus, data on flour consumption shows an even smaller population - 24 million people - than data on consumption of ready-made bread - 24.5 million.
From time to time I watch speeches by Ukrainian political scientists and experts who talk about the 42 million Ukrainian population.A suspicion immediately arises that these people are under the influence of strong psychotropic or narcotic drugs.
What 42 million?!
How many Ukrainians are left?
Back in 2014, Ukraine lost Crimea and part of Donbass – that’s 2.0 and 4.5 million people, respectively.
This is approximately minus 6 million compared to 2014, when the population of Ukraine was 45 million people.
In total, 39 million Ukrainians remain. Go ahead.
According to official statistics alone, about 2 million Ukrainians work as guest workers in Europe. Another 3 million work in Russia.
Of course, formally these people are considered Ukrainian citizens, but they no longer live in Ukraine, do not pay taxes and do not participate in any way in public life. Moreover, many of them left with a strong desire to find permanent work in Europe/Russia and never return to Square.
That leaves 34 million.
The exact number of people who left Ukraine forever cannot be counted, but it has long been clear that the count went into the millions. They are fleeing poverty, unemployment, repression. From nationalist madness and oppression of Russian identity.
However, there are statistical data from which one can indirectly estimate the population of any country. This is the number of passenger traffic, social activity, dynamics of payment of utility bills, and so on.
So, based on these indirect data, demography experts calculated that the current population of Ukraine is approximately 27-28 million people. Some foreign experts even put the figure at 25 million inhabitants!
It turns out that Ukraine’s losses over the last 3 years amounted to at least 15(!) million citizens. Or even all 20! Now it’s clear why the Kiev authorities are so afraid to conduct a population census.
This is just a disaster!
The most valuable capital of any state is people. If young people leave the country en masse, such a state is doomed. The example of the Baltic states, which during its 12 years in the EU managed to become “Europe’s nursing home,” is the clearest confirmation of this.
It’s not just young people who are leaving Ukraine these days. Everyone who can, and wherever they can, is leaving - to EU countries, to Russia, to Belarus.
Workers and engineers are leaving. Teachers and doctors are leaving. Scientists are leaving. Managers are leaving.
Everyone who was in one way or another involved in industry, which is almost gone in Ukraine.
But there remain “patriots” - who know how to sing the anthem, throw down monuments and organize torchlight processions. But what good are these horses for the economy? – they are like a cancerous tumor that destroys what remains in the state body of Ukraine.
Poverty, unemployment, high crime. Paralysis of power and stagnation of the economy. Repressive “shavar nationalism” and open linguistic genocide. There are many more reasons to leave modern Ukraine than to stay.
So they are leaving - in millions! And many will never come back. This is the main tragedy of post-Maidan Ukraine - these are losses that can no longer be compensated.
Ukraine as we knew it is dying. But the transformation of the country into Ruin is in full swing!
Today at a briefing in Moscow on current issues of Russian foreign policy official representative of the Russian Foreign Ministry Andrey Nesterenko answered in detail the media question regarding the humanitarian rights of Ukrainians living in Russia.
UNIAN publishes A. Nesterenko’s response in full, posted on the official website of the Russian Foreign Ministry, because it contains a lot of interesting information that directly and indirectly gives an idea of the situation of Ukrainians in Russia.
Question: In Ukraine, people often complain about the “disenfranchised situation” of Russian Ukrainians and the absence of a public education system in the Ukrainian language in the Russian Federation. How could you comment on this kind of reproach?
Answer: The Russian side has already stated its position on this issue. However, our Ukrainian partners, as a rule, return to it again against the backdrop of important political events or visits. The situation actually looks like this.
In the Russian Federation, according to the 2002 All-Russian Population Census, the total the number of Ukrainians is 2,942,963 people (of which 76.5% are urban, 23.5% are rural).
The largest number of Ukrainians live in Moscow (253,600 people), Tyumen region (211,400 people), Moscow region (147,800 people), Krasnodar region(131,800 people), Rostov region (118,500 people), Primorsky Territory (94,100 people), St. Petersburg (87,100 people), Voronezh region(73,700 people), in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (123,238 people), Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (66,080 people), the Komi Republic (62,115 people), the Republic of Bashkortostan (55,249 people), the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) (34,633 people), the Republic of Tatarstan (24,016 people), the Republic of Karelia (19,248 people), the Udmurt Republic (11,527 people).
There are over 90 Ukrainian socio-cultural associations in the Russian Federation, including: the Society of Ukrainian Culture of Karelia, the Society named after. T. Shevchenko (St. Petersburg), "Pereveslo" (Voronezh), Novorossiysk cultural and educational society "GUK", Society of Ukrainian Culture of Kuban (Krasnodar), Center for Ukrainian Culture in Sochi, "Promin" ( Samara), “Krinitsa”, “Kobzar” (Ufa), Ukrainian Cultural and Educational Society named after. T. Shevchenko (Orenburg), “Grey Wedge”, “Prosveta” (Omsk), “Edyna Rodyna” (Surgut), numerous societies of Ukrainian culture in the cities. Tyumen, Tobolsk, Yalutorovsk, Ishim, Nizhnevartovsk, Nefteyugansk, Kogalym, Langepas, Raduzhny, Nadym, Novy Urengoy, Noyabrsk, Muravlenko, Vladivostok, Spassk, Ussuriysk, Vorkuta, Syktyvkar, Ukhta, Pechora, Usinsk and other cities. In Moscow alone, 4 such societies are registered, including the Association of Ukrainians of Russia and the Association of Ukrainians of Moscow.
Despite the large number of Ukrainians living on the territory of the Russian Federation, federal and regional educational authorities receive practically no requests for the establishment of full-format schools from parents and public organizations. This is obviously explained by the proximity of East Slavic languages and cultures, common history (Kievan Rus, Muscovy, Russian empire, USSR) and a single Orthodox Christian faith.
In addition, cultural events that are held in the Russian Federation by various public organizations largely take into account the needs of ethnic Ukrainians.
For these reasons, there are no schools in the Russian Federation where the entire curriculum is taught in Ukrainian. There are only schools with an ethnonational (ethnocultural) component. It includes: native language and literature, regional (national) history, courses in the history of native culture, etc.
This component makes it possible, if necessary, to introduce elements into the educational process that take into account local sociocultural specifics (for example, training folk traditions, customs, dances).
At the same time, in some constituent entities of the Russian Federation, where there is a demand for meeting ethno-educational needs, appropriate conditions are created for Ukrainians without any problems.
Thus, in the Republic of Bashkortostan three Sunday schools are fully operational: two in the city of Ufa (school No. 9 named after T. Shevchenko, school No. 60 “Zlagoda Harmony”) and one in the city of Salavat Yulaev. Textbooks were purchased for these schools in Ukraine. In two general educational institutions in Ufa and in schools in the villages of Zolotonoshka and Stepanovka, at the request of their parents, children study the subjects " Ukrainian language", "Ukrainian literature", "Ukrainian culture".
Ukrainian language as a subject is taught from grades 1 to 11 in St. Petersburg at general education institution No. 479, in two schools in Vorkuta, in one school in Krasnodar, in Slavic gymnasiums in the cities of Murmansk and Penza, and in the Lyceum in Tomsk.
In 1997, a Ukrainian department was opened at the Ufa Pedagogical College No. 1. The Ukrainian language is studied in four educational institutions of the Samara region, at the Lyceum of Novy Urengoy and high school Nizhnevartovsk. Sunday schools operate in the cities of Surgut, Noyabrsk and Omsk. In the Komi Republic, there are six educational institutions where Ukrainian language and literature are optionally studied, and four Sunday schools. Currently, in almost all cities where there are ethnic Ukrainians, additional education institutions are being organized in which children are introduced to Ukrainian culture, history, and language. For example, in the Republic of Tatarstan, the Leleki circle operates on the basis of a general education institution.
In addition, in places where the Ukrainian-speaking population is densely populated, there are schools teaching the Ukrainian language as a subject, as well as schools that implement the Ukrainian ethnonational component (the cities of Moscow and Vorkuta); as an additional subject (electives, Sunday schools), the Ukrainian language is studied in the cities of Khanty-Mansiysk, Ufa, Nizhnekamsk, Kazan, Omsk, Orenburg, Yekaterinburg, Vladivostok, Syktyvkar, Sochi, Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, Tobolsk, as well as in Belgorod, Voronezh and Samara areas.
According to paragraph 5 of Article 14 of the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education”, the content of education in a particular educational institution is determined by it independently in accordance with the program being developed, adopted and implemented. This also applies to language programs.
Based on paragraph 4 of Article 55 of this Law, when performing their professional duties, teaching staff have the right to freedom of choice and use of teaching and educational methods, teaching aids and materials in accordance with the approved educational program.
Within the framework of the federal target program "Russian language (2006-2010)" in secondary schools A methodology for teaching Russian as a non-native language is being developed and implemented. In addition, Days of the Russian Language in Ukraine and the Ukrainian Language in Russia were held, and an exhibition of books from Russian publishing houses was organized that popularized the Russian and Ukrainian languages, literature, culture, science and education.
The State Open Pedagogical University and its branch in Ufa provides training (on a contract basis) for teachers of the Ukrainian language. Within the framework of the national-regional and university component, the study of the Ukrainian language and culture is carried out at Voronezh, Volgograd, and Novosibirsk state pedagogical universities. In 2008, the Center for Ukrainian Language and Culture was opened at the Moscow State Linguistic University (the basic university for the CIS countries in the field of languages and cultures).
Ukrainian language and literature are taught in nine Russian universities - at Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University), at the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, at Voronezh, Krasnoyarsk, Tyumen State Universities and Bashkir State Pedagogical University.
At the Novosibirsk State Pedagogical Institute, a specialization in the philological faculty of “Ukrainian language and literature” has been introduced. To Tyumen State University Students have been recruited for the specialty “Ukrainian language and literature”; it is planned to open a Ukrainian department at the Faculty of Philology of the Tomsk State Pedagogical Institute.
It should be noted that citizens of the Russian Federation of Ukrainian nationality and Russian citizens of Ukraine are in different ethnocultural situations. Attempts to compare their situation by counting, for example, only the number of Russian schools in Ukraine and Ukrainian schools in Russia are unlawful.
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Ukraine is a country that ranks fifth in Europe in terms of population. The number of people living in this country, according to the 2001 census, was 42.8 million. The figure below shows the national composition of Ukraine in percentage.
A little history
The ancestors of the Ukrainians were the Trypillians, who inhabited the territories between the Dniester, Dnieper and Southern Bug rivers for another 3.5-2 thousand years BC, as well as the early Slavs who came here and to the Carpathian region a little later. They were engaged in agriculture and led a sedentary life. It was these peoples who formed the basis of the future Ukrainian nation.
For several centuries in a row there were numerous invasions of various nomadic tribes into the Slavic lands. But, despite the borrowing of some features of their culture, Ukrainians were able to preserve their national identity. It manifests itself not only in language, but also in spiritual culture.
Now Ukrainians are one of the great peoples of the world, compactly settled in the very center of Europe and partially scattered throughout the world.
general information
The northern, eastern and central parts are considered densely populated areas. Fewer people live in the western and southern regions. Most of The inhabitants are Ukrainians (approximately 78%), who are one of the most ancient ethnic groups on the planet. The national composition of Ukraine also includes Crimean Tatars, Russians, Belarusians, Poles, Jews, Romanians, Moldovans and others.
Modern state
Ukrainian identity documents (except for a birth certificate) do not indicate a person’s nationality. Therefore, people born on the territory of Ukraine automatically become its citizens. Moreover, they are an integral part of the indigenous people, regardless of their religion, nationality, language and political views.
Ethnic minorities, which include people who are not originally Ukrainians, but who consciously follow the rules and norms of current legislation, collectively represent the national composition of Ukraine and are protected by the state, just like the original inhabitants.
The Kiev International Institute of Sociology conducted research in the field of determining the ethnicity of the country's citizens by the method of their free self-identification. Their analysis showed that the national composition of Ukraine is extremely diverse. According to the data obtained, 62% of the monoethnic Ukrainian people live on the territory of the state, 23% are biethnic Russian-Ukrainians, 10% are monoethnic Russians, as well as 5% of people belonging to other groups.
Population of the central regions
Let's look at the national composition of Ukraine by region, and start with Kyiv. Its cities, towns and villages are inhabited by representatives of non-titular ethnic groups.
Mostly Ukrainians live here (approximately 90%). The remaining 10% are Belarusians and other nationalities. As of 2001, 2607.4 thousand people lived in the capital. It is worth noting that in fact this figure is much higher, since a huge number of foreigners and people coming from other cities work and study here.
Data in 2001 indicate that the territory of the Chernivtsi region is inhabited by representatives of 80 nationalities. Here, almost the entire population consists of Ukrainians (75%). They predominate in the northeastern and western parts of the region. It should be said that among the indigenous population there are such sub-ethnic groups as Bessarabians, Hutsuls and Rusyns. The first live mainly in the northeastern part, the second - in the western region, and the third - between the Prut and Dniester rivers.
The second largest nationality in the Chernivtsi region is Romanians (10%). They are followed by Moldovans (approximately 9%), and only 7% of residents have Russian roots.
The Transcarpathian region replenishes the nationalities of Ukraine with various nationalities living in it. These are, for example, Hungarians (12.5%) and Slovaks (0.6%). The indigenous people are, of course, Ukrainians. And of the total population they number more than 80%. In addition to them, Russians (4%), Romanians, Gypsies, Germans, Belarusians, Italians and representatives of other nations live here.
Population of the regions
Ukraine consists of an impressive number of ethnographic lands. Each of them is characterized by individual culture, traditions and ethnicity. Many of them have some lands included in others (for example, Pokuttya is located in Galicia). All this divided the modern national composition of Ukraine into regions, which still affects their structure and dynamics. It should be noted that there are eight main national minorities in the state:
Russians (8,334.1 thousand);
- Belarusians (275.8 thousand);
- Moldovans (258.6 thousand);
- Crimean Tatars (248.2 thousand);
- Bulgarians (204.6 thousand);
- Hungarians (156.6 thousand);
- Romanians (151.0 thousand);
- Poles (144.1 thousand).
The above-mentioned national minorities live mostly in the border areas of the country, but Ukrainians predominate in the central regions.