What tests are passed "for cancer": laboratory diagnostics of oncological diseases. How to recognize cancer at an early stage Can there be cancer

The insidiousness of cancer is that pain appears only in the late stages. Are there “early” signs that can help you start treatment on time and save your life?

General and local symptoms

Detect cancer at an early stage, before it spreads tentacles throughout the body metastasis, is a guarantee of a positive prognosis for treatment. Every year, about half a million people in our country are diagnosed with malignant tumors, half of them die.

These are the ones who went to the doctor too late.

95% of patients with a detected neoplasm in the first or second stage are successfully cured.

In whatever part of the body a malignant tumor is located, it gives itself out with the following symptoms:

More specific symptoms depend on the location of the malignant tumor.

Lungs' cancer

The leader of oncological diseases - lung cancer - is difficult to distinguish from other pathologies of the respiratory system, since in the early stages there are:

For this reason, patients are often treated for other pathologies.

Mammary cancer

At the initial stages, there are simply no obvious signs of the disease, even with self-feeling. Still, a young woman should provide a monthly self-examination of the breast, which includes:

Signs of cancer can be the slightest seals, swelling and deformities, cheishuyki and wounds on the nipple and areola.

This examination is not enough for women over the age of 39. To detect cancer on time, you need to be examined.

Cancer of the male genital organs

On palpation, any swelling and induration, even a pea-sized difference in size, should be suspicious. Over time, aching pain and a feeling of heaviness appear in the testicles.

Prostate cancer is a male thunderstorm that develops with age. It is dangerous because in the early stages imperceptibly... Someone has frequent urge to use the toilet, pain in the perineum, blood in the urine, although the first symptoms may not be present.

Larynx cancer

In 95% of cases of pathology, men also become patients. At an early stage, the disease betrays itself by hoarseness and a change in the timbre of the voice, but only if the vocal cords are affected. Vestibular cancer of the larynx proceeds unnoticed until the neoplasm causes a sensation of presence foreign body, interferes with swallowing and breathing.

Digestive system cancer

It will not be possible to identify intestinal cancer on your own at the first stage of development. Usually it is discovered by chance - already at a later stage at a doctor's appointment. Therefore, you need to be on the lookout if the following symptoms are observed for a long time:

increased gas formation;
a feeling of fullness in the intestines;
alternating constipation and diarrhea;
discomfort during bowel movements, false desires;
blood in the stool.

But that's the difficulty of diagnosis: similar symptoms are characteristic of hemorrhoids, paraproctitis and other diseases.

Stomach cancer betrays itself lack of appetite and rise in temperature.

Feeling of heaviness and pain occurs much later.

With liver cancer, along with common symptoms appear:

heaviness in the right hypochondrium;
enlargement of the abdomen.

In the glandular tissue, the tumor grows instantly. Within a month from the moment of its formation, it can be palpated on palpation.

Cancer of the female genital organs

These include tumors of the ovary, vagina, cervix, and body of the uterus.

In whatever place of the female genital organs a malignant neoplasm appears, at an early stage a woman does not even suspect that a tumor appears inside her.

With the development of the disease, blood clots appear in the female discharge.

With ovarian cancer - menstrual irregularities and frequent urination.

Skin cancer

The disease can be diagnosed visually even at an early stage. Skin cancer is characterized by:

External defects can occur anywhere, even on the mucous membrane.

Brain cancer

Symptoms directly depend on which area of \u200b\u200bthe brain the seal appeared and how big it is:

Even a benign tumor is dangerous for the brain.

Bone cancer

Almost immediately with the onset of the disease, a dull aching pain appears near the joint. Over time, it becomes more intense, swelling and redness appear. Most often, different types of bone cancer occur on the legs, pelvis and chest, less often on the head, including the jaw.

What kind of examination?

Since in the initial stages, cancer proceeds covertly, regular preventive examinations and tests are recommended. Tells about the development of any type of cancer in the body blood analysis.

To confirm the diagnosis, more local studies are assigned.

Localization of cancer	Survey methods
Lungs	On early dates radiography is not enough. It is necessary to undergo computed tomography (CT) or MRI of the lung, additionally - endoscopic bronchography and biopsy.
Breast	X-ray mammography and ultrasound are performed. A biopsy is needed to determine the nature of the tumor.
Prostate	The urologist first examines through the anus with a finger, prescribes a blood test for PSA and a biopsy.
Larynx	An otolaryngologist can recognize the disease by examining the throat with a special mirror. A more accurate diagnosis will be given by direct fibrolaryngoscopy (examination with a flexible endoscope) and microlaryngoscopy (examination of the larynx with a microscope under anesthesia).
Digestive system	The gastroenterologist prescribes EGDS, X-ray, tomographic, ultrasound examination. In rectal cancer, the proctologist probes with a finger and prescribes a fecal analysis.
Female genital organs	The gynecologist probes with his fingers. More effective analysis for cytology, X-ray, tomographic, ultrasound examination
Skin	Biopsy and cytological examination are prescribed.
Brain	Encephalography, radiography and MRI are done.
Bones	Different types of tomography and biopsy are used.

To reduce the risk of developing pathology, the examination should be annual.

If you have a family history of cancer or have been diagnosed with a “precancerous condition,” you may be tempted to learn how to identify the early symptoms of cancer. Because the symptoms, severity, and progression of cancer are unique to each person, it's important to keep track of any changes in your body. If you want, talk to your doctor about a genetic test to determine your risk of developing a certain type of cancer. Being aware of the risks, monitoring for symptoms, and detecting cancer early on will increase your chances of survival.

Steps

Part 1

Early symptoms of cancer

Pay attention to changes in the skin. Skin cancer can cause skin discoloration, causing it to darken, turn yellow or redder. If your skin discoloration, hair growth, or itchy patches develop on your skin, make an appointment with a physician or dermatologist. If you have moles, make sure they haven't changed in any way. Another symptom of cancer is an unusual lump or lump on the surface of the body.
- Watch for sores that won't heal or white patches in your mouth and tongue.
Watch for changes in stool or urination. Colon cancer may be indicated by constipation that does not go away, diarrhea, or any change in stool size. Colon cancer symptoms or bladder relate:
- Painful sensations when urinating
- Frequent or rare urination
- Signs of blood or other discharge
Determine if you have lost weight. If you have not been on a diet, but have lost weight, then you have an unexplained weight loss. Weight loss of more than 4.5 kg is an early sign of cancer of the pancreas, stomach, esophagus or lungs.
- You may also experience dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) or indigestion after eating. They can be symptoms of esophageal, throat and stomach cancer.
Beware of the symptoms of common diseases. Some of the early symptoms of cancer may mimic those of the common cold, with some major differences. You may have a cough, fatigue, a fever, or unexplained pain (such as severe headache). But unlike a cold, you won't get better if you rest, your cough won't go away, and despite the fever, you won't have any signs of infection either.
- Pain can be one of the earliest symptoms of cancer to manifest. Typically, the temperature rises after the cancer has progressed.
Don't diagnose yourself. Do not assume that multiple overlapping symptoms are one hundred percent indicative of cancer. Cancer symptoms can vary widely and may not be specific. This means that many similar symptoms can indicate a number of other conditions of varying severity.
- For example, fatigue can indicate a lot, and cancer is just one of those things. Fatigue can even be a symptom of a completely different disease. This is why a proper medical examination is very important.
Talk to your doctor about diagnosing other types of cancer. Since some cancers do not have a specific recommendation, talk to your doctor about your risk factors. The doctor will then decide if you should be tested. Ask your dentist for advice on oral cancer. Ask your doctor if you should be screened for the following types of cancer:
- Prostate cancer
- Cancer of the body of the uterus
- Thyroid cancer
- Lymphoma
- Testicular cancer

Part 3

Genetic screening

Consult your doctor. Not all people need to undergo a genetic screening to determine risk factors. If you think it would be helpful for you to learn about the genetic risks of cancer, talk to your doctor and make sure he knows your history (medical history) and your family's history. A doctor (as well as a geneticist) can help determine if there is a risk of developing cancer and whether you should get a genetic test.
- Many of the cancers that can be tested with a genetic test are rare, so it is important to know if you should be tested at all.
Weigh the pros and cons of genetic testing. Since genetic testing can determine the factors in the development of cancer, it can help you decide how often to get physical and screening tests. The results of a genetic test can provide little information, be misinterpreted, and make you feel anxious and anxious. It can also cost you several hundred thousand rubles. Many insurance companies do not cover the cost of the examination, so check with your insurance company for how much you will have to pay. Experts recommend doing genetic testing if:
- You or your family members are at increased risk of developing certain types of cancer
- The examination can clearly show the presence or absence of genetic changes
- The test results will help you plan your health care
Find out which cancers can be tested with a genetic test. The survey is able to identify the genes that are responsible for more than 50 types of hereditary cancer syndromes. If the test tests positive for the presence of a gene for a particular type of cancer, this does not mean that you will get it. Genes for the following cancer syndromes can be found in the results of genetic testing:
- Hereditary breast cancer and ovarian cancer syndrome
- Li-Fraumeni syndrome
- Lynch syndrome (hereditary colon cancer without polyposis)
- Familial adenomatous polyposis
- Retinoblastoma
- Multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (Vermeer's syndrome) and type II

Cancer is a serious disease, during which a malignant tumor forms in the body, which has symptoms characteristic only of it, as well as non-specific signs. By listening to your body, you can diagnose the disease at an early stage and begin treatment immediately. After all, it is very important to recognize the disease when it is still possible to fix everything and save human life. Any sudden change in well-being should be a reason to see a doctor. Sudden weight loss, fever for no apparent reason, or skin discoloration can be signs of both cancer and another disease. You should not self-medicate, wait until it passes by itself, it is better to contact a specialist and get tested.

Attention, cancer: symptoms and signs!

If diarrhea or constipation has become the norm, and the color and volume of feces has changed, then these are the first signs of bowel cancer.

If the process of urination has become frequent and painful, and blood impurities differ in the urine, then these symptoms indicate problems with the prostate gland.

Long-lasting wounds, cuts that can fester and bleed are fraught with danger. Small ulcers in the mouth, vagina and penis that do not heal for a long time are also cause for concern, as they indicate the presence of infection in the body and, possibly, the primary signs of cancer.

Purulent and bloody discharge indicate a neglected disease in the body. Coughing up blood often indicates signs of lung cancer. The detection of feces in the blood indicates, at best, colitis, and at worst, a malignant neoplasm. Discharge of blood from the nipples can be a symptom of breast cancer, from the vagina - the cervix. One of the early manifestations of cancerous growth is induration in some parts of the body, such as female breast and the scrotum. You can diagnose them yourself with a regular examination of your own body. Having found them, you should immediately go to the doctor. Regular problems with the gastrointestinal tract, as well as difficulty in swallowing food, are signs of stomach or intestinal cancer.

Lung cancer symptoms usually present with hoarseness, a suffocating cough that does not stop over time. It is difficult to diagnose throat cancer, the first signs of which are similar to those of a cold. This is a hoarse voice, perhaps its complete disappearance, inflammation of the lymph nodes, cough and putrid breath.

Neoplasms in the form of moles, warts characterize a disease such as melanoma, which can be cured by initial stage.

Nonspecific primary signs of cancer

There are a number of symptoms characteristic of the onset of various diseases, which are not as dangerous as cancer. People write off their discomfort on them, without thinking that everything is much more serious.

Sudden weight loss for no apparent reason. Almost all cancer patients lose a lot of weight, especially when it comes to diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

An increased temperature indicates that there is an infection in the human body that suppresses immunity, and therefore the body throws all its strength to fight it. But, as a rule, an increase in temperature does not occur in the initial stages of the disease. So the involvement of temperature in oncology should be considered only if there are additional signs.

... Gradually increasing fatigue. Malaise and increased fatigue can result from the loss of blood that occurs with stomach or intestinal cancer.

The formed tumor can cause painful sensations... Pain indicates a serious damage to the whole system in the body.

Changes in the skin in the form of manifestations of urticaria, jaundice, increased pigmentation.

What is cancer, signs of organ damage

So, let's consider the main types of pathology and their signs.

Stomach cancer

It never develops suddenly in completely healthy tissues. It is preceded by such abnormalities of the stomach as gastritis, ulcers. Scientists have proven that a certain variety of disease is attached to each geographic area. For example, where people often suffer from bowel cancer, there are almost no cases of diagnosing tumors in the stomach.

The reasons for the appearance of malignant tumors:

Eating foods containing nitrates, as well as salted, pickled, smoked products, dishes cooked over an open fire;
... removal of part of the stomach by surgery;
... chronic inflammation of the mucous membranes of the stomach.

An interesting fact was discovered by doctors: people with the first blood group are most often susceptible to stomach cancer.

Symptoms of the disease:

Feeling of discomfort and pain in the stomach after eating;
. drastic weight loss and lack of appetite;
... frequent bloating, heartburn, regurgitation, nausea, bouts of vomiting, flatulence;
... low iron levels;
... fast fatiguability;
... black stools (due to bleeding inside the stomach).

The main problem is that small tumors that can be simply excised usually do not cause these symptoms.

Breast cancer

The main cause of breast cancer is hormonal changes in the female body. Such changes occur during pregnancy and lactation, after abortion, at the time of menopause. The hormone estrogen is most often responsible for the development of the disease, namely, its increased concentration, which occurs during abortion and menopause. When carrying and breastfeeding, this hormone is practically not produced. Therefore, it is believed that long-term breast-feeding is an excellent prevention of malignant tumors. Estrogen is produced in large quantities by the fatty tissues present in the body. Accordingly, the more there are, the more hormone is produced.

The first signs of breast cancer are nipple discharge and nodules that feel like stone, firmly fixed in the breast tissue. Their sizes can be from a couple to 10-15 centimeters in diameter. The skin over the nodule is pulled inward, wrinkled, resembling a lemon peel.

Skin cancer

The main reason for the development of skin cancer is long-term or short-term, but strong exposure of the skin to UV radiation. It has been noticed that light-skinned and fair-haired people are susceptible to this disease, since they are more sensitive to the effects of ultraviolet rays.

You can identify skin cancer on your own, signs of the transformation of a mole into a malignant neoplasm are visible to the naked eye. It can grow both horizontally and increase in volume, become asymmetrical and uneven in color. Often, a mole gets wet, bleeds and itches, hair stops growing on it and existing ones fall out. The skin around her becomes inflamed, and she herself becomes crusted and flaky. A mole can become overgrown with small nodules, become loose, glossy.

To make sure that this is definitely cancer, it is not enough to identify signs, you must immediately consult a doctor and take smears, scrapings, biopsy, if necessary, conduct an ultrasound examination of the affected tissues, check them for metastases.

Lungs' cancer

Most often, in the early stages, there are practically no signs of lung cancer. That is why people learn about the development of this disease in the body during routine medical examinations or too late to count on a positive outcome of treatment. It is difficult to identify it in yourself without the help of doctors, since the symptoms are similar to many other diseases. But there are still signs of lung cancer that you can identify yourself. This is a cough, bronchitis with pneumonia, arising for no apparent reason. In the process of tumor growth, certain parts of the organ stop working, causing shortness of breath.

A common symptom that most complains about is pain in the chest area, namely where the neoplasm is located, fever and an unclear heart rate. In the future, if the initial stage of the disease is not recognized, the cancer will show more serious and characteristic signs, but you should not wait for them, so you can miss the moment when there is still a chance to be cured. In addition, lung cancer has severe symptoms only if it is located in the large bronchi.

Throat cancer

Difficult to detect on initial stage throat cancer, the first signs are very similar to a common cold. Until now, doctors have not come to an unambiguous conclusion: where does this ailment come from. However, there are statistics, from which it can be seen that it occurs mainly in men, especially in smokers and drinkers. Elderly age, poor hygiene oral cavity, work in hazardous industries, genetic predisposition, low consumption of vegetables and fruits, the presence of cancerous tumors in the neck and head - all this can cause the progression of cancer in the human body.

It is difficult to diagnose throat cancer, the first signs of which may differ depending on which area is affected. The main symptoms include the following manifestations:

Hoarseness in voice, its complete loss is possible;
... pain when swallowing, difficulty in this process;
... the smell of putrefaction coming from the mouth;
... inability to cure a dry cough that does not go away for a long time;
... coughing up bloody sputum;
... lymph nodes in the neck are inflamed and enlarged;
... difficulty breathing due to tumor growth;
... loss of appetite, and with it rapid weight loss;
... hearing loss, ear pain.

If a malignant formation develops in the upper part of the larynx, then the person's teeth hurt and fall out, and a sore throat. If cancer has struck the lower throat, then pain is felt, similar to angina.

The signs of cancer in women may differ slightly from the classic ones, since the disease is more aggressive due to elevated level estrogen. They become irritable, get tired faster, and the menstrual cycle is disrupted. They reported cases of upper respiratory tract bleeding and a higher blood count in sputum. Cancer in women is detected earlier, as they are more attentive to their bodies and more often seek medical help. Men make up 90% of the total number of people who have throat cancer, they can ignore the first signs, attributing them to general malaise and fatigue.

Uterine cancer

A very common ailment that affects women over 40. What can contribute to its development? There are a lot of reasons: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, nicotine addiction, the presence of human papillomavirus in the body, HIV, frequent change of partners, early pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, irregular menstrual cycle, late onset of menopause. The risk group includes women overweight over 10 kg. Cancer of the uterus can be foreseen in advance, since its precursors are erosion processes, the formation of ulcers and scars after childbirth, proliferation of the endometrium and the presence of constant inflammatory processes.

The classic signs of uterine cancer that all women complain about are whitish discharge, bleeding and soreness. But all this does not appear at the very beginning. In this regard, a number of difficulties arise in order to immediately recognize uterine cancer. Signs and symptoms of the initial stages of the disease - mucous discharge with impurities of pus, blood, appearing after exertion and tension of the pelvic muscles. Very often, the cycle is disrupted, and trips to the toilet become frequent and painful, which indicates the progression of the disease, which has already reached the bladder. If at first the discharge may be odorless, then in the last stages they acquire an unpleasant putrid odor. A significant reason for going to the doctor is spotting, even if it is insignificant, in women in menopause. The insidiousness of the disease is that it is impossible to externally identify such a woman, because she looks fresh and cheerful, only in the last stages is weight loss observed.

Cervical cancer

This cancer, affecting the cervix, is the most common of all genital cancers. The risk group includes women from 35 to 55 years old. According to statistics, this ailment is more common in Hispanics than in european women... This disease is predicted by the erosion and dysplasia that preceded it, so it can be detected in the early stages, and therefore cured. If you do this on time, you can keep a woman's ability to have children and have a full sex life. The most important causative agent of cervical cancer is the human papillomavirus. It is sexually transmitted, even a condom does not serve as protection, since its cells are very small and penetrate through the smallest pores in the latex. In addition, the virus is located not only on the genitals, but also on the adjacent areas of the skin. There are a number of other factors: smoking, frequent sexual intercourse with different partners, sexually transmitted diseases, constant weight loss, AIDS. They can cause cancer. Signs in the early stages do not appear. The woman does not feel any discomfort.

It is necessary to undergo scheduled examinations by a gynecologist annually, to be tested. These procedures can help detect early signs of cervical cancer. Symptoms typical for this disease:

Bleeding that occurs after sex, examination by a gynecologist, in between periods, as well as after the onset of menopause;
... change in cycle duration, color and volume of menstrual flow;
... an increase in the volume of vaginal discharge. They turn white, with impurities of blood, and in the later stages acquire the color and smell of rotting meat waste.
... feeling pain during sex;
... pain in the lower back and lower abdomen;
... weight loss;
... constipation and problems with urination, as a result of which the legs begin to swell;
... increased fatigue and general weakness.

It is worth noting that all these signs can manifest themselves not only in cervical cancer, but also in almost all diseases of the genital organs. Therefore, it is necessary to seek help from qualified gynecologists and oncologists.

Testicular cancer

This is a fairly rare, but still occurring male cancer. However, it is one of the most aggressive forms of it, affecting men under 40. The reasons can be both congenital benign tumors and injuries, infertility. The most important reason is cryptochism, when the testicle did not descend into the scrotum. Cancer is transmitted genetically and affects Europeans more often than African Americans.

The symptoms of this form of cancer are local in nature. Attention should be paid to the seals in the gland. You can feel them with your fingers. When they are squeezed, the man does not experience discomfort. The pain is located in the lower abdomen, in the affected testicle, which swells over time, becomes heavier and sags. Some types of testicular cancer can cause hormonal imbalance. In boys, this leads to untimely voice changes, frequent erections. In adult men, on the contrary, sexual desire disappears, cases of impotence are not uncommon. In the body, female hormones begin to be produced to a greater extent, which leads to a modification of the figure. Such men become effeminate.

In order to prevent the development of cancer in your body, you need to engage in prevention, conduct healthy image life, eat right. Nutrition plays a very important role in maintaining health. Indeed, the development of some forms of this disease, such as cancer of the stomach or intestines, is promoted precisely by unhealthy fatty foods stuffed with preservatives. The stomach is unable to digest it, and it begins to rot. It is very important to regularly visit doctors for preventive examinations. If, nevertheless, cancer was discovered, then you should not think that this is a sentence and life ends there. Timely diagnosis gives very high rates of recovery.

Cancer is a dangerous disease, but in Russia more than 2.8 million people live with this diagnosis. According to statistics, more than 7-8 million people die from cancer worldwide every year. Oncological diseases are in second place on the mortality list, in the first place are heart diseases. Although our country has broken out into the ranks of the "developed" countries, a complete cancer treatment has not yet been identified.

Treatment becomes effective when cancer is detected early. In order not to miss this moment, you need to pay attention to any change in the body, because the causes of cancer can be very different, up to minor pains anywhere in the body.

Factors influencing the development of cancer

The development of cancer is influenced by external and internal (exogenous and endogenous), predisposing and contributing factors. It is important to recognize the causes of cancer in time and take the necessary measures to eliminate the consequences.

Cancer symptoms

Signs of cancer need to be watched, especially if you have a predisposition to the disease.

Uterine cancer

High estrogen levels. A woman's body recognizes the development of a malignant tumor in the uterus and ovaries in time, sending a signal with the help of estrogen. However, this is an inaccurate indicator, sometimes even with a negative indicator, a malignant tumor may develop.

Symptoms of uterine cancer can appear in the last stages and in an advanced form. Cancer of the uterus in the initial stages rarely manifests itself, unfortunately, but you can still pay attention to some symptoms. With progressive disease, the following are observed:

1. Highlights.

Unpleasant mucous or purulent discharge can occur with vulvovaginitis, but cancer is no exception. With extreme caution, you need to treat the discharge with blood.

2. Blood discharge.

If bleeding is regularly observed between periods, then a visit to the doctor is necessary to exclude the endometrium.

Rectal cancer

In women, colon cancer often presents with premenstrual flow. Moreover, not very regularly, perhaps such discharge can be observed only between 2-3 cycles, and then completely stop.

Mostly symptoms such as exacerbation are observed chronic diseases genitourinary system and stool disorders.

Frequent urge to urinate.

The cause may be diseases of the genitourinary system, you need thorough inspection doctor.

Stool disorder.

There may be diarrhea, change in the amount of feces, constipation, etc. Frequent symptoms: spotting with feces and pain in the anus.

Lungs' cancer

Coughing up blood is the first indicator of lung cancer. A painful and dry cough may indicate bronchial asthma, but if the cough is accompanied by sputum and blood, it is recommended to be tested for cancer cells.

There are cases when lung cancer is accompanied for no apparent reason and its detection is possible at the initial stages using X-rays.

Skin cancer

Dark-colored neoplasms may indicate cancer. Skin cancer progresses rather quickly, and sometimes there are situations of slow effects on the body.

Moles can also be precursors of cancer: enlargement, changes in color and appearance.

Breast cancer

Breast cancer can be detected in the early stages if the condition of the breast is regularly monitored. An increase in size, induration and discharge from the nipples may indicate a disease. Painful sensations in the early stages may not be observed, therefore, patients do not pay attention to external changes.

Advanced cancer is characterized by discoloration in the breast area.

Stomach cancer

You can write endlessly about the symptoms of stomach cancer, there are too many of them. It is these symptoms that contribute to misdiagnosis. Often doctors associate the symptoms of cancer with the symptoms of gastritis, without even suspecting that the most important and expensive time for the patient is being lost “from under the nose”.

Other signs of cancer include:

Sudden weight loss.

A sharp decrease in weight can be observed with any disease. But if there is no apparent reason, then you need to consult a doctor. Cancer primarily "hits" the immune system, which leads to external changes in the body.

Swollen lymph nodes.

If the lymph nodes have increased and do not change in size within a month, then you need to go to the doctor for a biopsy to exclude cancer.

Temperature.

A high temperature in cancer indicates an inflammatory process in the body. If the temperature is constantly high, this may indicate that cancer affects the entire organ system.

Temperature is not a vivid example for determining cancer in the initial stage, more often it rises only in the last stages.

It is not worth deliberately ignoring the signs of cancer, mistakenly assuming that it is incurable. Even the last stage of cancer is not a death sentence! With proper treatment, life can be extended by several decades.

Remember! Early detection of cancer increases the chances of recovery.

3 myths about cancer

Myth 1. Cancer is an infectious disease and it is recommended to stay away from cancer patients.

This myth is easy to refute even by the fact that doctors treat patients without taking special precautions to protect themselves from the disease. Even with very long exposure, the disease cannot be passed from one person to another.

In part, this myth has the right to be. Cancer is inherited.

Myth 2. People with multiple moles are sick with cancer.

Any growth on the skin can cause cancer. The key word is maybe that is why all people with moles should not be classified as cancer patients.

Congenital moles are not dangerous, you just need to monitor them regularly. Enlargement, discoloration, scratching, etc. signs are cause for concern and a visit to a doctor.

Myth 3. Cancer cannot be cured.

After a terrible diagnosis, almost 98% of patients panic and 92% of them are unable to pull themselves together.

Waiting for death does not affect health from the best side. Numerous stresses only provoke complex symptoms and bring the “end” closer. Timely detection of the disease at an early stage gives a positive result. There are cases in medicine when people at the last stage of cancer, who are no longer able to walk without someone else's help, miraculously get back on their feet. There is only one reason - belief in healing and modern medicine.

The Israeli Cancer Center treats all types of oncological diseases by experienced doctors using modern highly qualified technology. So don't be discouraged. Qualitative treatment of oncological diseases is possible.

Often, a cancerous tumor does not show up with any specific symptoms. Therefore, most people learn about a terrible diagnosis only when it is already very difficult to cope with the disease, and sometimes even impossible. And there is also a category of citizens who, with any ailment, think about the worst and try to find signs of cancer in themselves. Perhaps excessive vigilance is also unnecessary, but if you really notice something amiss in your condition, it is worth undergoing a medical examination. Better to be safe!

Cancer: signs and symptoms

Diseases of this kind manifest themselves in different ways. But there are common signs of women and men. In general, three groups of symptoms can be distinguished:

Unsuccessful treatment of diseases. When you carry out enhanced therapy for any pathology, be it a stomach ulcer, inflammation of the bladder or pneumonia, and there is no improvement for a long time, you should be wary. Perhaps this indicates the presence of a cancerous lesion.
Small manifestations. Decreased performance constant sensation discomfort, fatigue, decreased interest in the surrounding reality, unreasonable weight loss - all this can speak of oncology.
Overgrowth of tissues. If, upon visual inspection or palpation, you find deformation or asymmetry in some part of the body, you should be wary. Perhaps such a tumor is dangerous.

Now we will list the first symptoms of cancer, with the appearance of which you must definitely consult a doctor.

Sudden weight loss. Very many people at an early stage of the development of the disease begin to rapidly lose weight. If in a short time you have lost more than five kilograms, see your doctor immediately.
Fever and fever. This symptom usually appears when the cancer is already quite widespread. But it is he who can be the first bell.
Fatigue and weakness. These are, perhaps, the most important first signs of cancer, characteristic of absolutely any type of cancer. However, many simply ignore them.
Bone pain. This symptom may indicate malignant neoplasms in the bone tissue.
Changes in the quality and color of the skin. Dermatological signs, such as darkening, redness, yellowness of the skin, itching, and others, may indicate the presence of skin cancer or oncology of internal organs.
Changes in the size, color, thickness, shape of moles, as well as the appearance of wounds or ulcers that cannot be treated. Moles can transform into malignant formations, so do not ignore these manifestations.
Bladder dysfunction and stool disorders. You should consult a specialist if you suffer from persistent constipation or, on the contrary, diarrhea. Changes such as pain during emptying, more frequent or infrequent urination should also alert.
Constant headache. This symptom may indicate the presence of a brain tumor.
Unusual discharge, bleeding. Impurities of blood in feces, urine, vaginal bleeding in women - all this can be a manifestation of cancer.
Incessant cough, sore throat, hoarseness, and trouble swallowing and indigestion. If, when coughing in sputum, you find blood clots, an urgent need to visit a doctor, because you may have lung tissue oncology. Problems with swallowing and digestive disorders are often not signs of cancer, but if they occur together, then oncology of the pharynx, esophagus or gastrointestinal tract can be suspected.

Symptoms of different types of cancer

Of course, in addition to general manifestations, there are also specific signs of oncological diseases that are characteristic only of one or another species. And still, even if you find any characteristic symptom, you should not immediately think that you have cancer. Visit a specialist first, and then draw conclusions.

Stomach cancer

In the early stages of the disease, symptoms are imprecise and scarce. Often, not only patients, but also the doctors themselves, write off the symptoms that have appeared for gastritis. In this case, everything is limited to the appointment of medicines, and a complete examination is not carried out. And yet, specialists, who listen carefully to the complaints of patients, sometimes catch the first signs of cancer. These include:

The described first signs of oncology can appear both against the background of a previous stomach disease (for example, ulcers), and against the background of absolute health. Only when a malignant tumor becomes widespread do vivid symptoms appear: persistent vomiting, intense pain radiating to the back, severe severe weakness, sallow skin color.

Breast cancer

The first signs of oncology in women in this case are retraction and flattening of the nipple and spotting from it. Soreness is not a diagnostic symptom. With pain, it may be completely absent, but with mastopathy, on the contrary, it can have a pronounced character. Signs and symptoms will vary depending on the shape of the cancer. So, with a mastitis-like form of the disease, the mammary gland greatly increases, swells and hurts. The skin feels hot to the touch. The erysipelas is characterized by a sudden appearance of redness on the skin of the breast, as well as a significant increase in temperature. Armor oncology is manifested by a lumpy compaction of the skin. A shell is formed, as it were, covering part of the chest, and sometimes all of it.

Rectal cancer

As already mentioned, usually signs of cancer in the early stages are not very pronounced. Symptoms that can be noticed are no exception: dull pain during bowel movements at the time of movement of feces, discharge of mucus and blood with stool, subsequently ribbon-like stool. Such manifestations are often mistaken for signs of hemorrhoids. However, there is a difference: with hemorrhoids, blood in the stool usually appears at the beginning of bowel movements, and with rectal cancer - at the end. At a later stage, constipation is added to the listed symptoms, followed by diarrhea, frequent urge to defecate, discharge of fetid, purulent-bloody masses.

Skin cancer

This type of oncology can also have different forms: ulcerative, nodular, infiltrative. However, the first signs of skin cancer, regardless of the form, are often the same. On the body there appear dense, painless nodules of a waxy pinkish-yellowish color. Gradually they grow. It is very rare to find forms with sluggish growth, which do not show visible changes for many years. But there are such cases.

Lung cancer

Depending on where the primary tumor arises, in the lung tissue or bronchus, the first signs of oncology will differ. In the case of central cancer (cancer of the bronchus), a hacking dry cough first develops, later sputum appears, often it has blood impurities. For this form of the disease, the causeless occurrence of pneumonitis (inflammation of the lung), accompanied by an increase in temperature, increased cough, general weakness, and in some cases chest pains, is very characteristic. Peripheral cancer, which originates in the lung tissue, is almost asymptomatic at the initial stage and is often detected during a preventive X-ray examination.

A brain tumor

The signs of brain cancer are numerous and cannot be called specific. It is noteworthy that many neoplasms do not appear at all and are found most often only after death, during autopsy. This applies, for example, to a pituitary tumor. It should also be borne in mind that not all formations are malignant - benign tumors often manifest themselves in the same way as cancerous ones. The only way to check the nature of the signs is to get tested.

Symptoms in these types of oncology are associated with the pressure of the tumor on the brain and, in this regard, the disruption of its work. The signs are similar in both the primary and the metastatic (when the neoplasm penetrates into other parts of the brain) stages and are characterized by weakness, headache, absent-mindedness, the appearance of seizures and spasms, and difficulty in motor processes. Nausea and vomiting (especially in the morning hours), visual impairment, weakening of intellectual activity associated with impaired memory and concentration of attention, a gradual decrease in mental activity, changes in the emotional state, and difficulty in speech processes are also possible. The listed symptoms, as a rule, do not appear immediately, therefore, the disease may go unnoticed for a long time.

Finally

We have listed the signs of the main oncological diseases, but, of course, not all types of cancer were affected. There are a lot of them, and the symptoms in each case will be different. For example, the main manifestations of uterine cancer are bleeding and vaginal leucorrhoea. The main symptom is soreness when swallowing food, and the most common bladder is blood in the urine. Do not be negligent about your health and immediately contact a doctor at the slightest suspicion of a terrible disease!