Society cannot function normally if its individuals and entire groups do not comply with certain norms and laws. That is why humanity has always needed professionals who are able to maintain order in society. In our country, such specialists have been representatives of the police profession for many decades.
Society cannot function normally if its individuals and entire groups of people do not comply with certain norms and laws aimed at maintaining order and equality. That is why humanity has always needed, needs and will need professionals who are able to maintain order in society at the proper level and ensure compliance with established rules and laws. In our country, such specialists have been representatives of profession policeman.
It should be noted that today society needs qualified law enforcement officers more than ever before. The fact is that a paradoxical situation has developed in Russia: when they see people in police uniforms, instead of feeling peace and security, respectable citizens feel fear for their freedom and their own health. And all because for many years people who did not meet the requirements of this profession were accepted into the ranks of our valiant police. This situation can only be changed in one way: we need to strive to ensure that only those young people who choose this profession by vocation and consciously, taking into account all its features and difficulties, which we will introduce you to today, want to become police officers.
Who is a policeman?
Policeman- a civil servant, an employee of internal bodies, who, acting within the limits of his competence, ensures public order and protects the health, peace and property of law-abiding members of society. Police officers are controlled only by executive and legislative authorities, the government, the President and the Federal Assembly.
The name of the profession comes from the Latin “militia”, which has several meanings - army, knighthood, people's militia. Apparently, it was the latter meaning that became decisive when choosing the name. Before the October Revolution, order in tsarist Russia was maintained by low-level police officers, who were responsible for literally everything: from dispersing hooligans to checking street lights. The gendarmerie dealt with political issues, and the detective police dealt with ordinary criminals and missing citizens. Since 1917, all these structures were abolished, and on their basis, and largely with the same composition of employees, a workers' militia was organized.
In other countries, structures with the same functions were responsible for maintaining order. But the position was called policeman (from the Greek “polis” - public order). In 2011, the Russian government concluded that the name " police officer“is more consistent with the purpose of police officers, and therefore, at the suggestion of D.A. Medvedev, this profession was returned to its previous name, although the majority of Russians still call police officers militiamen.
The work of each policeman is limited by his competence. That is, despite the fact that both the criminal investigation officer and the guard at the intersection are police officers, each of them has his own job responsibilities and cannot perform someone else’s functions. For example, criminal investigation officers search for crime suspects and investigate illegal acts, traffic police officers ensure compliance with traffic rules, and water police, accordingly, work in water areas.
But in any case, regardless of which structural unit a police officer works in, his professional responsibilities, first of all, include maintaining law and order in all spheres of human life, crime prevention and strict adherence to the letter of the law.
What personal qualities should a police officer have?
Specifics policeman's work is such that a person entering the police service must have a certain set of personal qualities, among which must necessarily be:
- emotional stability and a strong nervous system;
- moral principles;
- the ability to find a common language with different groups of people;
- courage, but not recklessness;
- responsibility and resourcefulness;
- the ability to quickly analyze a significant amount of information in a short period of time;
- observation and determination;
- the ability to control several objects simultaneously, highlighting the main tasks;
- good memory and common sense;
- ability to work in a team;
- self-demandingness and the ability to take responsibility in difficult situations;
- erudition and ability to defend one’s position.
In addition, a police officer will not be able to fulfill his professional duties if he is not physically prepared and resilient (especially for law enforcement officers), and also does not thoroughly know the laws and have knowledge in the field of psychology, sociology and conflict management.
Advantages of being a police officer
Despite the fact that the prestige of the Russian police in the eyes of citizens has dropped significantly today, there is no shortage of personnel in the police, and competition for police schools and law universities is still high. What attracts young people, and what are their advantages of being a police officer? First of all, this:
- guaranteed wages and social benefits in case of illness or injury;
- stability and confidence in the future;
- additional payments to the salary (addition for rank, for work in difficult conditions, for length of service);
- early retirement (at age 45);
- opportunity for career growth;
- providing housing for employees in need under various programs (subsidies, one-time payments, purchase of housing using local budget funds).
Well, and most importantly, although the structure of the Ministry of Internal Affairs has a “tarnished” reputation, the policeman, as before, sounds proud.
Disadvantages of the police profession
However, it should be understood that the work of a policeman is not only social guarantees, but also a huge responsibility, not only for his own actions, but also for the activities of all police officers. After all, in our country, the whole flock is judged by one bad sheep, so anyone who wants to work in the police will have to face hostility and bias from the public.
To others disadvantages of the police profession can be attributed:
- low level of income - despite the recent improvement in the wage situation, the salary of a police officer still remains low. At the same time, part of the salary of ordinary police officers is often spent on the purchase of pens, paper or fuel;
- irregular work schedule - a police officer, unfortunately, has constant overtime work, unplanned duty, constant business trips and the inability to plan his next vacation;
- Occupational Hazards - Working as a police officer can result in injury or serious injury. Therefore, a policeman needs good sports training and the ability to provide first aid.
In addition, since police officers have to confront criminals in their line of work, they are constantly under threat of retaliation from criminals.
Where can you become a police officer?
Become a police officer in Russia there are several ways. In order to become an ordinary police officer, it is enough to undergo initial training at police schools at the place of service. Moreover, for admission it is necessary not only to successfully pass exams, but also to pass a medical commission (usually at the police school itself), a special psychological test that reveals the intellectual level and emotional stability, and a physical fitness test.
If a police officer wants to occupy higher positions, then he needs to obtain a higher education in the following specialties: “legislation”, “forensic examination”, “law enforcement”. Please note that you can achieve the fastest possible career growth if you graduate with honors from one of these best law universities in Russia, How:
- Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
- Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
- Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation
- St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation
- Academy of Economic Security of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation
The police profession is a particularly important, responsible and dangerous field of human activity. All police work is based on federal, regional and district laws.
What tasks does a police officer face? The main tasks of a police officer are to maintain order in public places, stop and detain offenders, and also explain to offenders what they are doing wrong.
Police officers work with educational institutions, conduct open lectures and various events. The main goal is to convey to the younger generation the importance of the work of police officers, that is, to warn them against making the wrong life choices and committing crimes.
History of the profession
Since the formation of society and the establishment of social orders, people have appeared who did not want to obey. They stole, robbed and killed. Selected people in charge of the settlements appointed guards or guards who were supposed to suppress offenses, as well as carry out exemplary punishments, including the death penalty. Over time, guardians of the law received appropriate education, became part of the administrative apparatus, the profession received a wide variety of names, be it agents, policemen, militiamen, red coats, etc. Women not so long ago received the right to work in law enforcement agencies.
Under the Soviet government in 1917, a workers' militia was formed - this is a people's armed militia, the name was supposed to symbolize closeness to ordinary people, to the working people.
In the Russian Federation, from March 1, 2011, by order of Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev, the police were renamed the police, as in most European countries.
Policeman's rights
In order to carry out all assigned duties, police officers are endowed by federal law with a number of rights:
- enter any premises (private home, government or commercial institution);
- use public and private vehicles for special operations;
- legally use handcuffs, batons and firearms in life-threatening situations;
- stop illegal actions of individuals and entire organizations;
- require for verification documents confirming the identity and legality of the work;
- use the testimony of outsiders and call a compiled list of citizens to testify in administrative and criminal cases;
- access information free of charge and without waiting in line.
Responsibilities
A law enforcement officer must:
- study and use all legal regulations;
- carry out direct orders from management;
- constantly improve your skills, strive for professional growth, work on physical fitness;
- any information related to the conduct of business and police work is a secret protected by law;
- protect and take care of state property;
- report changes in family life, be it the birth of children, the death of relatives, moving to another city or country;
- prevent the emergence and development of corruption.
Requirements for a police officer
Any boys or girls who want to work in law enforcement agencies must graduate from primary police school; to improve their qualifications and future career, they must graduate from a secondary specialized or higher educational institution under the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Many girls today receive “stars on their shoulder straps” and excellent career growth, which is a high indicator for law enforcement agencies. However, girls do more “female” paperwork.
There is also a special list of requirements for police training:
- body endurance for constant physical activity;
- absence of bad habits;
- the police officer must have good reaction and no otolaryngological problems;
- psychological stability, a keen sense of justice and high moral qualities are an integral part of a police officer’s service, since one has to work with various social strata of the population;
- desire to help people in difficult situations at the cost of one’s own health;
- It is believed that a police officer has no gender, so the demand for women and men is the same.
A police officer must treat himself and others responsibly, make important decisions and be calm in critical situations (hostage-taking, a large number of victims, domestic problems in families, violence against young girls and children, description of property).
When performing police work, a police officer is guided by the current laws, that is, he is a person of the state, therefore he must be legally literate and able to convey a clear interpretation of complex laws and articles to others.
Who can become a police officer?
Today, both women and men can become law enforcement officers. The approximate percentage distribution by gender is 50% to 50% of the total number of women and men studying and working in the field of legal relations.
To get a job in law enforcement agencies, a man must complete compulsory service in the armed forces, while women must obtain a secondary or higher legal education.
Professional work as a police officer can begin at a young age. For example, training in cadet schools and justice corps, in military schools and in military departments of universities.
Pros and cons of the profession
Description of benefits:
- annual salary increases and the opportunity for career growth up to the rank of general;
- special social status, free medical care, vouchers, for girls - special conditions during pregnancy, etc.;
- early retirement for both women and men, according to the seniority regulations.
Description of disadvantages:
- Irregular schedule, that is, work on night and daily shifts, constant travel and business trips.
- Difficulties in personal life, especially for women. Young girls face great difficulties with career growth, since they spend a lot of time on maternity leave and raising children. If there is a lot of competition for jobs, preference will be given to a man over a woman.
- A daily threat to the life and health of a police officer and his family.
- The negative attitude of many citizens towards the police as a profession.
Today, there is a mixed opinion about people who go to study and work in law enforcement agencies. Some believe that this is worthy of respect, others believe that such people do not know where else to go.
Law enforcement officers risk their health every day as they fight criminal gangs and corruption. Without police officers in modern society there will never be a calm and normal life; anarchy and disorder will immediately reign. The social order is ensured not only by cultured and intelligent people, but also by the fear of serious punishment and lifelong consequences. A developed system of law enforcement agencies guarantees that if a person violates established laws and is detained, he will certainly be punished.
Police officer- a person to whom the state assigns responsibilities for maintaining law and order. The position relates to junior command staff in the canine service, teaching staff, etc. The work is difficult and very dangerous, but without police officers, civilians cannot exist in peace. The profession is suitable for those who are interested in law, physical education and life safety (see choosing a profession based on interest in school subjects).
What does a policeman do?
At the beginning of March 2011, a law was signed in the Russian Federation, as a result of which the police were replaced by police. Police officers today are charged with maintaining law and order, combating crime, and providing assistance to civilians. The work of police officers is associated with danger and difficulties, so the state provides them with tools for protection: batons, firearms, handcuffs, walkie-talkies and others. The range of protection tools depends on the scope of police activity; the use of these tools is limited by law.
Police officers are guardians of order, people who protect the lives of civilians every day. They protect private and commercial property, conduct conversations with schoolchildren, protect concerts and other events, acting within the law.
Features of the police profession
The work of the police is aimed at identifying criminal organizations, for which they conduct conversations in educational institutions, patrol streets and roads around the clock, communicate with representatives of different social groups, and promptly respond to all incoming complaints. It is worth understanding that the workdays of police officers involve not only chases and dangers, but also work with the civilian population, cooperation with territorial organizations and government officials.
Responsibilities of law enforcement officers:
- detection of crimes;
- compliance with laws;
- obedience to orders that do not violate the legislation of the Russian Federation;
- non-disclosure of state secrets;
- providing first aid to people injured at the hands of a criminal during mass riots;
- exercising control over criminal elements;
- activities aimed at searching for persons evading responsibility, missing persons, etc.;
- ensuring the safety of civilians;
- protection of all types of property;
- ensuring law and order;
- crime prevention.
Police officers must be in good physical health, otherwise it will be impossible to find employment in the Ministry of Internal Affairs. According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, both men and women can join law enforcement agencies, but the requirements for applicants are strict:
- good health and good physical fitness, which will be constantly checked;
- absence of drug and alcohol addictions;
- absence of mental illness, tuberculosis and others.
Even at the stage of the medical examination, many applicants are refused, because they select the most resilient, honest, healthy candidates who have passed the inspection of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Pros and cons of the police profession
pros
- Respected profession.
- Full social package (free treatment, benefits, sanitary-resort treatment).
- Stability, because police officers are public servants.
- Career growth.
- Early retirement, after which you can get a job in a security company.
- Lots of useful contacts.
- Demand.
- Opportunity to receive free higher education.
Minuses
- Daily risk.
- Low wages.
- Strict selection when applying for a job.
- Sometimes the work can be monotonous.
- Unregulated working hours, because in the event of force majeure, a policeman called to work must immediately arrive at his destination.
- Bureaucracy.
- Communication with antisocial elements.
Important personal qualities
A police officer is endowed with power and strength, so he must be able to control his emotions, be friendly, reasonable and responsible. Every day, police officers face dangers and not very pleasant people, and this means that they must be characterized by courage, politeness, and sociability.
- Endurance.
- Hard work.
- Honesty.
- Insight.
- Activity.
- Intelligence.
- Altruism.
Police training
Every citizen of the Russian Federation who has reached the age of 18 can become a police officer; the upper age limit is 35 years. An applicant for a vacancy must meet the following requirements:
- excellent knowledge of the Russian language;
- physical training;
- serving in the RF Armed Forces (for men);
- diploma of complete secondary, secondary vocational or higher education;
- no criminal record.
- admission to college (academy, school) after grades 9-11, for which you need to pass a medical examination and interview, take a test, demonstrate physical fitness;
- admission to a higher educational institution of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation after 11th grade or graduation from college. Here you will also have to pass psychological testing, a medical examination, a physical education exam and a Ministry of Internal Affairs check.
An applicant applying to such educational institutions may be considered unsuitable if his height is less than 160 cm, mental disorders, serious chronic or sexually transmitted diseases, poor vision, flat feet or scoliosis were discovered during a medical examination.
Schools
- Rostov school of service and detection dog breeding.
- Novocherkassk Suvorov Military School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
- St. Petersburg Suvorov Military School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
- Astrakhan Suvorov Military School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
- Elabuga Suvorov Military School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
Universities
- Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation named after V. Ya. Kikot.
- Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
- St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
- Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
- Tyumen Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
- Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
- Rostov Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
- Oryol Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
Place of work
Police officers work in the structures of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, patrolling streets and roads, working with citizens, accepting applications, and giving lectures at schools. They regularly undergo physical training to prove their professional suitability. Citizens wishing to work in the police must confirm their reliability with a personal guarantee prepared by an employee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, whose work experience is at least 3 years.
Retired police officers will be able to work in security companies and protect individuals and commercial properties.
Career
A police officer who works decently within the Ministry of Internal Affairs can receive a free education at a specialized university. The student is given paid leave during his studies; after receiving his diploma, he can begin his career journey. Every police officer can sooner or later receive the rank of general!
Policeman salary
Salary as of September 16, 2019
Russia 42000—60000 ₽
Moscow 42000—65000 ₽
Professional knowledge
- Physical training.
- Ability to handle firearms.
- Rules of hand-to-hand combat, application of knowledge in practice.
- Knowledge of Russian legislation.
- Possession of a driver's license (important for a police driver).
- Knowledge of the Russian language, ability to prepare material for lectures.
- Basic knowledge of office work.
Professionally important qualities of employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs
Requirements for the professionally important qualities of employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs are formulated in a number of laws of the Russian Federation: the Law of the RSFSR "On the Police", the Law of the Russian Federation "On the Federal Tax Police Bodies", the Federal Law "On the Bodies of the Federal Security Service in the Russian Federation", the Federal Constitutional Law " On the judicial system of the Russian Federation", the Law of the Russian Federation "On institutions and bodies executing criminal penalties in the form of imprisonment", the Federal Law "On amendments and additions to the Law of the Russian Federation "On the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation", etc.
The multiplicity of tasks facing employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs leads to the development of multifunctionality, the identification of groups of workers performing specific functions. Naturally, the activities of operational law enforcement officers in their content and methods of work differ from the activities of, for example, the police patrol service. However, although different in the methods used, the activities of various employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs coincide in their target parameters. The link that unites them and forces them to interact closely is the presence of a single object of activity - the personality of the offender (criminal).
An analysis of the specifics of law enforcement allows us to identify 10 characteristics common to representatives of various law enforcement services:
1. The activities of law enforcement agencies are a type of public service and the procedure for employees to perform it is determined in the relevant regulations on the service. Special (or military) ranks have been established for them and, when performing their official duties, they must, as a rule, wear a specially established uniform;
2. the activities of law enforcement officials are based on the principles of legality, humanism, respect for human rights and transparency;
3. legal regulation of activities determines the specifics of law enforcement activities in the field of fighting crime and protecting public safety;
4. As a rule, the implementation of law enforcement functions is opposed by offenders and their accomplices;
5. Law enforcement officials are given extensive powers, and their implementation depends on their ability to use power wisely, expediently and legally;
6. law enforcement officers have specific means of influence, including coercion, in the process of preventing and suppressing offenses (psychological influence in the form of warnings, remarks; the use of special means; physical force and firearms; as well as imposing punishment for the crime);
7. the variety of social situations in which law enforcement officers have to act determines the requirements for their psychological readiness, the ability to quickly understand the essence of the event and communicative qualities;
8. The activities of a number of law enforcement agencies take place in conditions of secrecy and the need for its employees to maintain official secrets;
9. Law enforcement activity is characterized by extremeness associated with the presence of various stress factors (increased responsibility, uncertainty of information, lack of time, health hazards, etc.) and mental overload at work;
10. The activities of employees are influenced by the atmosphere in society, the population’s assessment of the degree of its effectiveness and the emerging authority of law enforcement agencies.
The exceptional complexity of the activities of law enforcement agencies dictates high demands on the professional preparedness and training of each employee. The activity has a reverse impact on employees as subjects of activity, developing their knowledge, skills, abilities and abilities, forming certain characterological qualities.
The activities of employees significantly depend on the motivation of work, passion and propensity for law enforcement activities. The formation of sustainable positive motives for activity can be carried out in four directions:
1) the formation of direct motives for work through the disclosure of interesting and creative aspects of law enforcement;
2) developing interest in activities, directly influencing motives by instilling in employees a sense of professional duty and pride in belonging to law enforcement agencies;
3) disclosure to employees of prospects for career growth, promotion and professional development as law enforcement officers;
4) effective organization of the work of employees and the creation of a favorable moral and psychological climate in the staff of services and departments of law enforcement agencies.
Based on the legally defined tasks of law enforcement agencies, the following types can be distinguished: preventive; operational-search; activities related to inquiry and investigation of crimes; activities to protect public order and security; security activities; legal proceedings; penitentiary activities.
Preventive activities. The main goal of the preventive activities of law enforcement officials is to prevent offenses, crimes and emergencies. In practice, preventive activities are an integral part of the work of any law enforcement officer. However, in terms of its scope and priority, this type of activity is more typical for district police inspectors, employees of units for the prevention of juvenile delinquency and some other categories of law enforcement officials. Preventive activities are based on active communication with the population, representatives of local authorities, and officials, which places special demands on the communicative qualities and pedagogical abilities of workers, strict observance of the legal rights of citizens and legal acts.
Drawing up a psychogram of a local police inspector by analyzing expert assessments showed that for their successful professional actions it is necessary to have the following psychological qualities:
professional observation;
balance, self-control in conflicts;
the ability to win people over and inspire confidence in them;
subtle observation of a person’s mental life;
the ability to defend one’s point of view;
the ability to recreate an image from a verbal description;
the ability to draw conclusions from contradictory information;
memory for a person’s appearance and behavior;
ability to quickly establish contacts with new people.
Research has shown that the following indicators significantly complicate the psychological suitability of law enforcement officials for preventive activities: individualism; “social alienation”, which disrupts the system of interpersonal relationships and complicates social interaction; excessive desire for dominance and persistent tendency to lead; decrease in the level of motive to achieve the goal of the activity; anxiety; deficiencies in the volitional sphere and a decrease in volitional efforts; presence of psychotic personality traits, etc.
Operational search activities. This activity is leading for a wide range of law enforcement officials, including employees of the criminal investigation department, units for combating economic crimes and organized crime, operational search units, departments for combating drug trafficking of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, operational staff of the FSB, tax police and some other services. For specialists of these services, operational-search activity is the main one, similar in the methods used to solve official problems. The content of operational-investigative activities and the methods used are determined by the Federal Law “On Operational-Investigative Activities” of August 12, 1995.
The performance by an operational employee of his job duties requires the presence of the following psychological qualities and skills:
the ability to solve professional problems in situations involving a high degree of personal risk and danger to life;
readiness for situations of force (including fire) combat with criminals;
increased responsibility for one’s actions (“no room for error”);
ability for intensive interpersonal communication with asocial and criminal individuals;
high psychophysiological endurance associated with the lack of fixed working hours (the average working day is 10-12 hours, there is often a 7-day working week, night trips to apprehend a criminal, etc.);
constant intellectual activity (analysis of continuously changing information, retention of a large number of facts in memory; decision-making under conditions of time shortage and information uncertainty);
the ability to role-play, the ability to impersonate other people, skillfully play the roles of various social and professional types;
verbal resourcefulness, the ability to quickly and reliably explain a critical situation to another, while hiding true intentions.
Significant expression of such qualities as open aggressiveness, auto-aggression, impulsiveness, depressive and psychosomatic forms of reaction in difficult situations, social alienation, the predominance of inhibitory processes over excitation processes in the nervous system, can collectively manifest themselves as a “professional unsuitability syndrome” for operational investigative activities .
Activities for inquiry and investigation of crimes. This type of activity is the main one for interrogators, investigators and forensic experts of law enforcement agencies, and its content requires knowledge of tactics and methods for solving and investigating specific crimes, techniques for conducting individual investigative actions, ways of establishing psychological contact with other people, etc. Intellectual activity and creativity in putting forward substantiated versions of crimes and their qualified processing are of great importance here.
In the psychogram of an interrogator and investigator, several groups of personal qualities are often identified that determine the success of work in solving and investigating crimes. These include:
motivational and value characteristics (developed legal consciousness; honesty; courage; integrity; conscientiousness; diligence, discipline; developed achievement motivation; expressed self-actualization motivation, etc.);
cognitive qualities (high level of intelligence; flexibility of thought processes; creative thinking; observation; ability to predict; developed intuition; good memory; developed voluntary attention, etc.); communicative qualities (the ability to establish psychological contact; mastery of communicative behavior techniques; the presence of organizational skills, etc.); other personal characteristics (stable and adequate self-esteem; autonomy and independence; responsibility; self-esteem, etc.).
Activities to protect public order and security. This type of activity is leading for the police patrol service, the traffic police traffic police service, and the municipal police. A common characteristic in this activity is the targeted surveillance and suppression of offenses in public places. For this purpose, police officers have the power to influence the behavior of citizens in the form of: warnings about the need to stop the illegal act and coercion in the form of imposing a fine, detaining offenders and delivering them to temporary detention centers or special detention centers (or sobering-up stations).
The following personal qualities are important for patrol service employees: having certain life and professional experience; interest in a person, his experiences, the ability to empathize; self-confidence, perseverance, ability to counter law enforcement violators; good sports training; confident possession of service firearms; observation; ability to assimilate new knowledge and learn; active personal position; achievement motivation; efficiency in decision making; demandingness; control over aggression, etc.
Security activities. Security activity is the main one for employees of private security of the police, some other units of law enforcement agencies, and private security services. Its main goal is to protect material assets of state and private property. The content of security activities consists of careful monitoring of protected objects and suppression of illegal attacks on protected property. Special conditions for security activities are often isolation while on duty, being in a closed area and the presence of stress due to the expectation of a criminal attack on the protected object.
The following qualities are considered essential for the successful performance of job duties by security officers:
observation and attention (sustainability of attention; distribution of attention; good amount of attention; ability to see subtle changes in a protected object, etc.);
emotional and volitional qualities (emotional stability; self-control; - persistence in overcoming difficulties; high activity; - responsibility; self-criticism, etc.);
intellectual qualities (the ability to choose the optimal one from several decision options; the ability to make a decision when there is a lack of information; the ability to determine the amount of information needed to make a decision, etc.);
communication skills (the ability to find an appropriate form of communication depending on the situation; the ability to act in concert with other employees, etc.);
quality of memory (good memory for a person’s appearance and behavior; excellent motor and motor memory; the ability to retain a large amount of information in memory for a long time; good visual memory for the environment of a protected object, etc.);
motor qualities (quick action under time pressure; quick reaction to an unexpected auditory impression, etc.).
The results of any type of activity of law enforcement officials depend on its qualitative characteristics: normativity, organization, preparedness, mastery and efficiency.
Normative activity represents the degree of compliance of employees with legal and moral norms, provisions of professional ethics, orientation towards the use of only legal methods of combating illegal acts.
Organization creates a real foundation for the successful activities of employees. It is expressed in the determination of appropriate forms of organization and a coherent system for implementing the professional tasks of law enforcement agencies.
Preparedness is expressed in the employee’s availability of relevant knowledge, skills and abilities. Professional and psychological preparedness plays an important role along with other types of preparedness (legal, special).
If preparedness acts as a prerequisite for successful work, then mastery determines the actual mastery of it by a law enforcement officer and a high degree of performance of the relevant activity.
The effectiveness of law enforcement activities has the following characteristics: productivity, expressed in quantitative and qualitative results of activity; speed, reflecting the speed, clarity and organization of actions; the pace of activity, which determines the ratio of “energetic” areas and declines in the employee’s activity during a fixed period of time; completeness, depending on the volume of implemented actions necessary for the successful implementation of the activity; stability, reflecting the success of an employee’s activities over a long period of time and maintaining sustainable performance.
The Ministry of Internal Affairs has established qualification requirements for employees of internal affairs bodies. Police officers must know the legislation of the Russian Federation, be able to use weapons, and comply with standards for pull-ups and push-ups.
The Ministry of Internal Affairs has determined what professional and physical characteristics police officers must have. By its order, the department approved the qualification requirements for employees of internal affairs bodies. The document defines what they should know and be able to do. It also contains requirements for work experience and level of physical fitness. Employees holding management positions at various levels must have work experience in internal affairs bodies from two to five years. There are no experience requirements for junior commanding officers and enlisted personnel. To work in the Ministry of Internal Affairs, you must have certain professional knowledge. The document establishes that police officers must know:- legislation of the Russian Federation,
- structure and powers of government bodies of the Russian Federation,
- official regulations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs;
- the procedure for working with information constituting a state or other secret protected by federal law,
- methods of working using computer technology,
- labor protection standards, safety precautions and fire protection.