DIY iron sheds for hay. DIY canopy made from scrap materials. We build a canopy from wood

A canopy is an uninsulated structure erected near premises or fixed above doorways. It is also built as an independent object and is used to protect cars from precipitation, as a shelter for summer recreation areas, or as a temporary building for storing building materials. It’s possible to make a canopy with your own hands, thanks to which you can save on calling builders or purchasing a ready-made structure.

You can build a canopy from any material - it can be wood, plastic or metal structures, but the choice of building materials depends on its purpose and location. After all, a building made of unplaned boards will look unsightly against the backdrop of a nice lawn or house.

Canopies are made from the following materials:

• Wood. Convenient to use. Frame elements can be assembled from round, square or laminated veneer lumber. To work with wooden products, you will need simple carpentry tools: a hacksaw, a plane, an ax and a hammer. The beams are secured with nails or screws. To increase its service life, wood is coated with varnish, paint or other protective mixtures.
• Metal. Any building material made from it can be used, these can be profiles made of aluminum, iron or stainless steel. Forged structures are also used. Iron products are susceptible to corrosion, so they must be painted or treated with other protective agents.
• Natural stone, brick. Used in the construction of supports for canopies. Stone pillars made of natural stone or facing bricks look beautiful. For any brick or stone structure it is necessary to make a foundation.

If you need light under the canopy, the roof is made of light-colored polycarbonate or plexiglass, and for darkening, choose dark shades or any other roofing covering. When installing a canopy over a door or making an extension to a house, you need to use materials that match the style of the building's design.

Creating a Project

Having decided on the choice of building materials, you should prepare a sketch of the future canopy. They take into account the location, size, cardinal directions and wind rose.

When drawing up a project, you need to take into account all the design features, including where the canopy will be located:

1. Near the house, above the door, measure the distance at which the building will adjoin the wall and the height.
2. If under a car, then take into account the location of the support pillars in relation to the parameters of the car, so that there is enough space for comfortable departure and arrival.
3. For a recreation area, then you need to take into account the height of the grill or barbecue oven so that the structure does not catch fire.
4. If a canopy is built over a pool, then when choosing building materials, the increased humidity and size of the artificial reservoir are taken into account.

The roof on a canopy can be straight, sloping, single-pitched, gable or complex.

In order for the canopy to be stable and not deformed, calculations must be made for the speed and direction of the wind, as well as the amount of snow. The inclined part of the pitched roof is installed on the leeward side.

Preparatory work

To build a canopy with your own hands, you choose the type of foundation. It is mounted taking into account the terrain. On a site with a slope, a pile foundation is made, and on more level areas - a strip foundation. The heavier the canopy structure, the more supports will be required for a strong construction, which means the foundation must be strong.

To install the support pillars evenly on the site, the space for their location is measured and marks are made: a peg is driven in or a hole is dug. A hole is dug at the designated locations, 10 cm wider than the diameter of the support and 90 cm deep. Load-bearing pillars are installed and secured in any way:

• Place it in a hole and bury it with the selected soil.
• Fill with concrete mortar.
• They are secured using metal brackets or angles to an H-shaped building concrete base.

For a pitched roof, the height of the front pillars is made 30 cm less than the rear pillars, so that rainwater does not stagnate, but drains from the roof. The vertical evenness of the supports is checked using a building level. If wooden posts are used, then the part that will be in the ground is treated with a protective agent against rotting. The depth of the holes dug for the installation of load-bearing supports should be below the freezing level of the soil.

Creating a sheathing

If the canopy is attached to the house, then a horizontal beam of wood with a cross-section of 80×90 mm is attached to the wall. It is screwed with dowels into the drilled holes, with a distance between them of 50-70 cm. If the length of one beam is not enough, extensions are made using another butt-to-butt method, using a metal plate. This will be the rear cross member. It is connected to the rear posts using metal corners.

Along the perimeter of the canopy from above, from one pillar to another, transverse horizontal bars with a cross-section of 70×90 mm are fixed, connecting the frame of the building together. Metal corners are used to firmly fasten structural elements.

The rafters are laid at an equal distance from each other and from the rear crossbar (from the wall of the house) to the front. In order for rainwater to drain beyond the perimeter of the canopy, the rafters are placed with a protrusion of 15 cm behind the front cross member. For the rafters, timber with a cross-section of 70×70 mm is used. They are fixed to the beams using corners and self-tapping screws.

To form the sheathing, beams with a cross-section of 60×60 mm and a distance of 90 cm between them are placed across the rafters (along the length of the canopy). Screwed to the rafters with self-tapping screws. The sheathing frame for the roofing decking is prepared.

Roof installation

Various roofing materials are used to cover the roof. The main thing is that it harmoniously combines with the roof of the main building. It could be:

• Asbestos cement slate.
• Metal tiles.
• Polycarbonate.
• Ondulin.
• Profiled sheeting.
• Ceramic, bitumen, cement-sand tiles.
• Slate roofing.
• Bitumen slate.

Wave roofing material is placed on the sheathing, with the waves positioned from the wall to the bottom of the canopy. This is done for better drainage of rainwater. The sheets are connected to each other by overlapping one another, with a distance of one wave. They are secured to the sheathing with slate screws and soft washers.

Laying any roofing sheets or tiles begins from the edge of the building, moving towards its top. For smaller roof covering materials, more frequent sheathing is done. The tiles on the slope are secured with clamps, and along the side edges of the canopy roof - with self-tapping screws, into the factory holes in the tiles.

Before starting to create a project, you can find information on construction sites, see what your neighbors’ building looks like, and make your own sketch of the canopy.

If possible, it is better to buy building materials all at once so as not to be interrupted from the intended work.

It is advisable to treat all wooden elements with a protective antiseptic or varnish or paint them with water-repellent paint.

When choosing a roofing material, take into account its weight on the sheathing of the building.

If a carport is being built, then it is necessary to arrange a site under the building. Crushed stone, asphalt, paving stones or concrete are suitable for covering.

A canopy for a private home is one of the most common structures, which carries a significant functional load. However, in order for utility to be combined with ergonomics, it is necessary to carefully consider the type of structure and location of the extension.

Classification of canopies attached to the house

Canopies near the house usually serve as protection from precipitation. They are used to cover terraces, verandas, patios or as a covered parking space for a car. Depending on the functional load, their area may be sufficient to accommodate garden furniture or even a barbecue.

An original multi-level polycarbonate canopy attached to the house; in the photo there is a multi-dome structure protecting the summer area of ​​the cafe

Veranda canopy

It is an extension that protects the entrance to the house from bad weather. It can be placed either on the front of the house or adjacent to the rear of the building, opening onto the garden. In this case, the area of ​​the canopy can be increased, and the veranda itself can be used as a recreation area.

A canopy for a house made of polycarbonate, in the photo there is a structure with wooden load-bearing beams and rafters

Terrace canopy

Terraces usually have a larger area than verandas and can be located on the upper floors of a building or on the terrain. There are gable buildings; they have the same roof as the house. Usually equipped with several support posts. Single-pitch structures are the most common, as they are quite cheap and easy to construct. Attaching such a canopy to a house made of metal profiles with your own hands is quite within the capabilities of even a less experienced craftsman. Often terraces are corner or encircle the entire house. In this case, the canopy can only cover part of the extension.

Massive terrace canopies attached to the house, photo of a recreation area with a decorative fireplace

Carport

The leaders among protective structures for cars are polycarbonate carports attached to the house. Such products are most often produced in factories and sold in the form of ready-made kits, which you can assemble yourself.

Polycarbonate canopy attached to the house, photo of a standard design with a metal frame

The shape of the wall canopy and the material from which it will be made should be selected based on the following criteria:

• The feasibility and functional load carried by the structure - is the structure needed at all and, if so, what will it be used for;
• Stylistic parameters - will the extension have a common style with the house and be a harmoniously integrated component of it, or will it stand out as a design accent to the exterior of the building;
• The price of materials and construction work for the construction of the structure.

Awnings

These structures are also sheds attached to the house. In turn, the following types of products are distinguished:

• Retractable – with manual or electric drive. Some manufacturers offer a special case where the folded awning will be stored safely during a long absence of the owners.
• Basket - the fabric is stretched over a semicircular or rectangular frame with folding stiffeners.
• Awnings with poles – thanks to the additional support point, they can withstand significant loads. Used to protect large areas.

An awning attached to the wall is used as car parking

Construction materials

Artificial and natural stone, brick, and concrete blocks are widely used as the basis for an attached canopy to a house. In addition, in budget options for canopies in front of the house, various pipes are often used - metal (round or square) or asbestos.

Canopy in front of the house, photo of brick supports

The materials used for the frame are more varied:

Metal – has great strength and ductility, suitable for most styles from modernism to high-tech. An important feature is the possibility of modular assembly of ready-made structures, while the tolerances on the dimensions of parts and the placement of technological holes are minimal, which makes it easy to do it yourself. The main disadvantages are the laboriousness of self-processing and the need to periodically update the anti-corrosion coating.

Wooden beams - wood frames are perfectly combined with both traditional roofing materials and modern high-tech ones. The tree itself suits most classical styles and architectural designs of the building, but such structures look most harmonious in houses made of logs or rounded logs.

Despite the apparent primitiveness and conservatism of wood, you can build quite interesting and beautiful extensions to the house. In addition, it is quite easy to process, so if you have the appropriate tools and basic knowledge, you can build a wooden canopy for your house with your own hands. The main disadvantage of this material is the inability to create thin, elegant structures and susceptibility to rotting, fungal and insect attack, which requires systematic treatment with antiseptics and fire retardants.

The original rafter system of the canopy attached to the house, photo of the structure with a barbecue

Anodized aluminum profiles are one of the most modern building materials that provide a sufficient level of strength with maximum lightness of construction. The main disadvantage of an aluminum canopy is its exorbitant price. It should be noted that most options for canopies adjacent to the house are made using a combination of materials.

Aluminum frames of polycarbonate canopies attached to the house, photo design supported by tension rods

Important! Despite the manufacturer's guarantees (especially Chinese ones), it is necessary to check the strength of the connections and the integrity of the cast structures of the purchased set. In addition, you need to take into account the snow load of the area where the canopy is installed.

Roofing materials

The most popular roof coverings at the moment are polymer materials, in particular monolithic and cellular polycarbonate. In second place in terms of use are metal tiles and metal profiles. In third place are flexible tiles (roofing felt) and slate. However, it should be noted that when choosing a material for covering, you need to be guided by the rule that the same covering for the house is the same for the canopies.

A canopy attached to a house, made of corrugated sheets, photo - the roofing material of the extension is similar to the roof of the house

Instructions for making and attaching a canopy

The technology for making a canopy is not much different from the process of building a roof. Regardless of the type of placement: side, front or corner canopy for a house, the design has common elements and consists of:

• Rafter system,
• Outer side supports,
• Base (foundation) for columns;
• Coatings;
• Fasteners and anchors.

At the very beginning of the construction of a canopy for a house, the project must provide for the height of the future structure, its geometry (shape and area) and the angle of the roof. A 50x150 mm board is attached to the wall to which the canopy is attached at a height of approximately 2 m. Installation is carried out directly into the board with anchor bolts. This board is the internal support to which the rafter beams will be attached.

To install external supports, you must have a 100x100 beam, a 50x50 square metal pipe, or a rounded log with a diameter of 80-100 mm. It is allowed to construct supports from piece materials - stone, brick, concrete blocks. The height of the pillars should be less based on the angle of inclination of the roof slope of 20-25°.

Drawing of the placement of the main structural elements of a lean-to canopy for a house

1. Wall support;
2. Lathing;
3. External support (column);
4. Base (concreted anchor);
5. Mauerlat;
6. Stopila;
7. Wall anchors.

The base for the pillars can be a shallow foundation: columnar or using screw piles. The main rule, compliance with which will help prevent deformation of load-bearing structures due to swelling of the soil. The foundation should be below the freezing level of the soil in the area.

When using lightweight materials, concreting pillars directly in the foundation holes is allowed. In this case, in addition to reinforcement, it is necessary to additionally treat the dug-in part of the supports:

• Metal poles are primed with red lead;
• Wooden posts - impregnated with drying oil, automotive waste or special antiseptics;
• Asbestos poles can be installed without prior preparation.

A mauerlat - a beam with a cross section of 100x100 mm - is laid on the pillars. The locations of rafter locks are marked on it. The rafters themselves are made longer than the distance from the wall to the mauerlat by 20-30 cm. The cut angle is marked on them, and appropriate cutouts are made for a tighter installation.

Particular attention must be paid to where the canopy meets the wall.

Scheme of attaching a canopy to a house - main structural elements

1. Dowel nail;
2. Adjacency;
3. Self-tapping screw;
4. Lathing;
5. Roof;
6. Support;
7. Mauerlat;
8. Rafter;
9. Wall support board;
10. Fastening anchor.

It is when the joint is performed incorrectly that leaks from rain or thawed snow form here. In order to avoid this, use abutment corners with a shelf width of at least 150 mm. They are installed last on top of the roofing material. On the surface of the canopy, the abutments are fixed with roofing screws with elastic polymer washers under the heads. They are attached to the wall using dowel nails, and if the wall is wooden, then with ordinary wood screws. The edge of the corner adjacent to the wall is treated with silicone sealant.

Summing up

From the given instructions you can see how to make a canopy for your house with your own hands, using a minimum amount of materials and not too complicated construction processes. However, most structures are more complex, and if the goal is to make not only a functional, but also a beautiful extension, then the cost of construction can increase by an order of magnitude.

Any owner of a country plot of land, coming to his property from a stuffy metropolis, strives to spend as much time as possible in the fresh air, and not in a country house. However, a pleasant pastime is often hampered by the scorching midday sun or light but cold rain. Gazebos and awnings for summer cottages will help you cope with these troubles - it’s not at all difficult to make them yourself, and the resulting conveniences can hardly be overestimated.

Types of canopies

Before you begin making a protective structure, you need to select the appropriate material and design of the canopy. This element of landscape design can stand alone, or be attached to the house, imitating a wide porch or terrace.

The main types of canopies are shown in the table.

View	Design Features
Attached	This structure is located close to one of the walls of the country house. The result is a canopy with one closed and three open sides. The design is very functional: located on the side of the front door, it can serve as a veranda or porch, and on the other side it can serve as an elegant patio.
Standing separately	The design is a kind of pergola equipped with a durable roof. Regardless of how this country canopy is made: with your own hands or with the help of a hired team, its scope can be quite wide: from a gazebo to a car park. You can even equip a path in this way connecting the entrance to the house with a gate leading outside the site.
With straight roof	This structure is being built according to the most simplified scheme. Well suited for those summer residents who do not know how to build a canopy at the dacha with their own hands. Among other things, the price of materials in this case, as well as the estimate for the entire construction, will be minimal.
With sloping roof	Such a canopy is more difficult to manufacture, but the inclined planes of the roof do not allow water or large masses of snow to accumulate on the roof.
Complex shape	This canopy carries not only a functional, but also an aesthetic load, being an element of landscape design. An example is a gazebo with a curved arched roof. The instructions for its manufacture are quite simple, because the profiled roofing sheet and metal supports bend perfectly without the use of special equipment.

Another issue that needs to be addressed is the materials used.

Here are just the most common types of roof coverings:

• corrugated sheets;
• plexiglass;
• polycarbonate;
• slate;
• metal tiles;
• thick textiles.

Wooden awnings for summer cottages are very common: even an inexperienced craftsman can make them with his own hands.

Advice!
In addition to wood, you can use brick, stone or metal pipes to build supports.

Making your own canopies

Polycarbonate construction

This material is considered one of the most modern and is perfect for constructing a protective canopy in the country.

The main advantages of polycarbonate:

• strength;
• durability;
• excellent resistance to cold, heat and precipitation;
• ability to take any geometric shape;
• ease of installation (to secure the sheets, ordinary self-tapping screws equipped with a rubber washer are required).

Using the described plastic sheets, you can protect any area of ​​the site from precipitation. The main thing is to design and build a reliable frame, the material for which can be a wooden beam or a metal profile.

This design looks best right next to the house. Adjacent to the wall, the canopy creates, and the sloping roof allows rainwater to flow down without leaving unpleasant and unsightly puddles on the polycarbonate surface.

The entire manufacturing process can be divided into several stages.

1. For support pillars, take a wooden beam with a cross-section of 90x90 mm (the quantity is determined based on the size of the canopy). Remember that the front supports must be slightly shorter than the rear ones to create a bevel.

Note!
To prevent wood rotting, all parts of the canopy must be treated with antiseptic compounds before installation.

1. To ensure that the supports are in the right place, you should make an initial marking of the area. Then, in designated places, it is necessary to dig holes about half a meter deep and 10 cm larger than the cross-section of the timber.
   Concrete pillars for the foundation are cast at this location. You can use special blanks sold in construction supermarkets. It is enough to dig them into the soil, which is then compacted well.
   The support beams will be fixed to the foundation using special brackets or metal corners.
2. Considering that the structure is adjacent to the house, it is necessary to attach a horizontal cross member to the wall of the residential building, which will serve as a support for the rafters and sheathing. The latter are also attached to the crossbar using corners. If you limit yourself to self-tapping screws, the structure may collapse due to insufficient reliability of the connections.
3. A beam of 70x70 mm is suitable for rafters, and no more than 50x50 mm for lathing. You should not use more massive lumber, as this will make the structure heavier.

1. Polycarbonate is attached to the frame using self-tapping screws. It is also advisable to provide a device for water drainage. Very elegant gutters can be purchased at construction supermarkets.

Using corrugated sheets

Galvanized sheets, distinguished by their excellent appearance and painted in various colors, are often used for the construction of canopies that protect personal vehicles from bad weather. Remember that, unlike polycarbonate, this material does not allow sunlight to pass through, so it creates a completely shaded area.

To make the structure more durable, it is better to make the frame from metal blanks. You can stop at four support posts, fastened along the upper edge with beams and sheathing.

The construction process is not much different from the construction of a polycarbonate canopy described above. The only point is that such a structure is rarely adjacent to the house, more often it stands at some distance from it.

Let's look at some small details:

1. As in the previous case, you should mark places for attaching vertical metal posts, onto which a profiled pipe with a cross-section of 40x60 mm will go. The distance between the posts is about 1 meter, but depends on the thickness and weight of the profiled sheet used.
2. In this case, a concrete foundation is required. Crushed stone is poured into a hole up to 60 cm deep, a support is installed and the pit is filled with concrete.

Advice!
While the concrete is curing, do not forget to control the vertical position of the post.
Otherwise, the canopy will come out crooked and may collapse during operation.

1. After the concrete has completely hardened, which takes from 1 to 2 weeks, you can continue working on the construction of the canopy. For horizontal beams, a profile with a section of 50x30 mm is suitable. In this case, it is necessary to use welding, which sometimes becomes a problem for novice craftsmen.
2. The last stage is the installation of the sheathing and installation of corrugated sheets. The best choice is ordinary self-tapping screws.

Fabric awnings

When you don’t want to waste precious time making complex and bulky structures, your choice is a lightweight fabric canopy.

The store sells ready-made frame structures, which include everything you need. You just need to mount it on the wall and enjoy your holiday.

The main advantage is the ability to quickly and without much effort using specially designed levers and mechanisms.

You can make a fabric canopy yourself, in which case its design will not differ much from the options discussed above. Unlike the polycarbonate model, it is possible to purchase brighter and more picturesque textiles that enliven and refresh the appearance of the site.

On a note!
Remember that the fabric must be impregnated with a water-repellent composition, otherwise the first rain will force you to seek shelter in the house.

Conclusion

There are many different models of awnings that can satisfy even the most sophisticated taste. A self-created canopy will become not only protection from the sun, but also a source of pride for the dacha owner.

You can learn more about various canopies and how to make them by watching the video in this article.

How you want to be in the shade and cool when you are at the dacha on a hot summer day. This is one of the reasons why summer residents love making awnings so much. Moreover, this is not at all difficult to do if you approach the construction of a summer canopy competently.

How to make a canopy at the dacha?

Types of summer canopies:

Choosing a design is the main thing that needs to be done before starting construction. Fortunately, the scope for choice is huge. It could be:

Simple visor;

Wide porch;

Spacious terrace;

Cozy gazebo.

Let's consider one of the classifications of canopies according to their location and functionality.

 Shed-extension

They fit snugly against the house, giving them one side. The rest, as a rule, remain open. Such a canopy can serve as a veranda, a patio, and even a living room.

 Self-supporting canopy

This option is a separate building, standing on supports, with or without walls, but always with a roof. Such a building can serve as a gazebo, parking lot or, for example, a wood shed.

 Canopy with straight roof

It is easiest to make such a canopy. This will not require a lot of materials and effort, and you can do it in a few days.

 Canopy with sloped roof

This type of country house building is an excellent shelter from the rain. Therefore, it can be an excellent place for a gazebo.

 Canopy with a complex figured roof

Such canopies look great as canopies. They are very aesthetic, it is pleasant to relax and cool under them.

Now let's talk about the materials from which you can make a canopy roof. The most popular options are:

Plexiglas;

Profiled sheeting;

Polycarbonate;

Metal tiles;

Slate sheets;

Tarpaulin or other thick fabric.

Among the materials that may be needed for the frame:

Brick or stone;

Polycarbonate canopy.

Polycarbonate- a durable and reliable material that remains in its original form even under extreme temperature changes, high humidity, and is resistant to strong winds.

To mount this material you will need self-tapping screws on a rubber washer. It is better to use wooden beams or metal profiles as a frame.

Let's assume that you need a frame on a wooden base, tightly adjacent to the house.

1. Take 5 beams 9*9 cm with a height of 196 cm. Let one be 230 cm. It will be needed for the rear support.

2. Treat the wood with paint and primer.

3. Check out the drawing.

4. Mark the area. Dig holes for the beams, 10 centimeters wider than the beams themselves.

5. When installing the beams, fill the holes with crushed stone, compact them tightly and.

6. Attach a 9 cm by 7 cm beam horizontally to the wall.

7. Connect it to a 230 cm stand. This can be done using a metal corner.

8. Install horizontal cross members between the uprights in front. Make the connection again with metal corners.

9. Well, that's all, the main elements are in place.

10. Take 5 rafters 7 cm * 7 cm. Lay them on the crossbars and secure with self-tapping screws. Use angles to connect the rafters to the beam.

11. Take beams of small cross-section 5 cm * 5 cm and long length.

12. Lay them horizontally on the rafters. Screw them in with self-tapping screws.

You've probably seen many examples of building good sheds online, but you haven't found any quality information. Which is not surprising, because building a shed is not building a house. There really are fewer nuances here. Although this small architectural form has plenty of purposes, and it is not built only to cover a car.

There are several types of canopies: a gazebo canopy, a canopy for fashionable intellectual games with friends in the evenings, a canopy for a mini-workshop, a canopy for the passage between the bathhouse and the house, and much more. And, you see, you want to initially build any of these options to be strong, durable and pleasing to the eye. Therefore, in this article we discuss in detail the construction of a shed with a pitched roof - from a variety of materials. Study!

Stage I. Design

A shed with a pitched roof is the simplest design that even a beginner can handle. Most often, sheds are installed on the north side of the house, which is usually not suitable for anything larger: it is useless to grow anything near it, and because of the falling shadow it will always be cool there.

So, place the corner points of the future canopy directly on the ground. For convenience, use two stakes that are connected to each other by a rail. In total you will need about 10 of these, and they will help you lay out the correct markings for the future canopy.

Now let's move on to choosing the roof slope. Let's clarify that any roof suffers most from these two factors: wind and load from precipitation, and the smaller the angle of inclination of a pitched roof, the less wind affects it, but the steeper the roof, the worse snow and water are retained on it.

In order for water to completely drain from the shed roof, the angle of inclination should be at least 15 degrees. And to do this, cut both edges of the boards at this angle. In general, select the angle of inclination of the shed roof in accordance with the conditions of your region. For such a building, a slope of 15-20 degrees is usually recommended.

Here, for example, is how to build the simplest shed with a pitched roof:

And the same standard roof with a standard slope for such a building.

Stage II. Material selection

As for the design of the canopy, there are no special restrictions. Recommendations only. For example, if you are going to build a canopy adjacent to the house, then it is better to use the same roof covering that is already on the house, and give preference to wood or metal from frame materials. But this is a rule to which there are always exceptions.

Roof covering

Decide what material the roof of this shed will be made of. After all, each modern coating has its own requirements for the base, its own weight and installation features. So, a single sheet of corrugated sheeting is light and convenient, and there is nothing easier than fixing it on such a canopy. But it has a significant drawback - a large windage. It is these shed roofs that are most often torn off by strong storms. Therefore, think about it, if the wind load in your area is really high, do not use a complete roofing covering.

There is also an issue here that you should think about. The fact is that in the summer heat it will be almost unbearable to work under a canopy with a metal roof. Do you agree? Therefore, if the canopy is located in an area open to the sun, then:

• or use roofing material that has low thermal conductivity,
• or you will have to construct a roofing pie with insulation.

Materials that are excellent at absorbing heat include ceramic tiles, wood shingles, and the like. If you decide not to disturb the overall harmony with the house, and you have to use the same metal tiles that are already on the roof of the house, then additionally purchase:

• several rolls or packs of thermal insulation;
• vapor barrier film;
• waterproofing film;
• fasteners for additional sheathing.

Good old slate is also popular. You don’t need a strong base, because slate has always had considerable weight. But it also absorbs heat.

Although for a small shed it is difficult to come up with anything better than flexible tiles. Moreover, you can cut it yourself:

But polycarbonate, which is particularly light weight, durable, and performs remarkably well in harsh operating conditions, is becoming more and more in demand as a covering for a canopy.

Polycarbonate is a popular lightweight transparent material that is 250 times stronger than glass. It is ideal for summer structures, easy to cut and looks beautiful.

For example, it can withstand large amounts of snow, strong winds and does not fade in the sun. The advantages of such roofing material are that it allows light to pass through, and therefore you can carry out the necessary activities with your car, as they say, without leaving the cash register.

Therefore, in principle, you won’t have to think about almost all the disadvantages of a pitched roof if you cover your canopy with a material such as polycarbonate:

Frame material

A canopy is rightfully considered a seasonal building, and therefore expensive building materials are not usually used for its construction. The second point: most often, construction on your own site, not regarding a residential building, has to be done with your own hands. And therefore, often the material that is used is not the material that is most durable and light, but the one that remains after the construction of the main object, or you can work with it yourself without much experience.

This is why wood is used in 90% of garden buildings: it is easy to cut, process and install without any special effort. Well, it has many disadvantages: poor resistance to moisture, fire resistance and lack of durability.

If you have experience working with a welding machine, we recommend that you use metal for such construction. Thus, metal profiled pipes are ideal for constructing a lean-to canopy. They are much stronger and more reliable than metal rods, and their protective layer, where zinc is used, practically does not require restoration.

By the way, you can build your own shed with a pitched roof from metal without the help of welding if you purchase metal brackets. It is, of course, advisable to weld metal elements, but if you don’t have the necessary experience and capabilities, brackets are quite suitable.

Stage III. Construction of the foundation

So, we’ve decided on the material – it’s time to start construction:

• Step 1. So, we dig cylindrical holes. Make the depth from 60 centimeters to 90. In total, for this option we will need 6 holes.
• Step 2. We prepare the concrete separately, for example, in an old bathtub, where it is easy to mix cement and sand with gravel. Take the proportions 1:3:5. Add water.
• Step 3. Mix well and pour a layer of concrete into the holes so that the thickness is 5 centimeters, and lower the pipes there. They will serve as formwork for the foundation.
• Step 4. Now we fix the pipes from the outside. Fill with concrete.
• Step 5. Level the pipes and make shelves for them from boards.
• Step 6. Now we wait three days for the mixture to harden. The easiest way to install wooden posts on such a foundation is with an anchor, which is installed on completely hardened concrete.
• Step 7. Now we connect the support beams to this pillar. We screw the boards with self-tapping screws so that they protrude about 3 centimeters beyond the edges of each post. And on the side these protrusions will be needed to fasten the crossbar of the sheathing.
• Step 8. To give the entire structure greater rigidity, especially if the anchors have come loose, use spacers. The spacers are cut at an angle of 45 degrees and screwed with self-tapping screws.

That's all! The hardest part is behind us.

Stage IV. Frame assembly

Now we are installing the pillars of the future canopy. To do this, use the same 50x150 boards. It is better to make jibs at the top and bottom so that they do not interfere with the operation of the building:

Here's how to properly build a shed from a profile pipe: here the ready-made element of the shed roof will be a truss. You will need to cook it from metal on the ground. As a result, you will have an equilateral triangle with a central element that will go from the top of the triangle to the middle of its crossbar. If you remember your school geometry course, this is the altitude of a triangle.

To make the rafters themselves, you will need a profile pipe with a cross-section of 20x20 millimeters, or an iron rod with a diameter of 10 millimeters. For light weights, the second option is more suitable, since it is easier to work with: you will not need to cut at an angle. But for a good canopy it is better to use, of course, a profile pipe.

So, we build a metal shed with a pitched roof step by step, with our own hands:

• Step 1. Making the foundation. For this purpose, we dig holes in the ground a little more than a meter deep, and narrower ones up to one and a half meters. We fill these holes with gravel to a depth of 20 centimeters.
• Step 2. Insert pipes with a cross section of 25x25 millimeters into these holes.
• Step 3. Install supports in the pits, fill them with medium gravel and concrete them.
• Step 4. Next, check the height of the racks - it should correspond to the angle of inclination of the future roof.
• Step 5: Now weld the pipes to the tops and post. Now check and clean all seams. Prime the surface and paint. It is better to use modern anti-corrosion paint for this purpose.
• Step 6. Lift and install the finished firms, and make movable jumpers between the trusses at a distance of 50 centimeters.

In addition, you can visually close such a canopy from the entire other area, but without blank walls, using a pergola:

Stage V. Lathing

You cannot assemble wooden roof trusses using nails, modern metal fastening plates, or angles. We advise you to use plates, which perfectly hold the fastened elements and the gable roof turns out to be very durable. Moreover, they are easy to use.

You just need a good press machine or a regular hammer, depending on which fastener you choose. In the ridge, all these construction firms will be connected by one beam, along which you will align the distance between the trusses so that it is the same.

Now we move on to installing the crossbars. The first way is to attach the support beam with self-tapping screws using fastening metal corners. It is important that there is a distance of 50 to 55 cm between the crossbars.

As for the sheathing and its density, this issue should be based on what roofing material you will use. For example, for something as heavy as shingles, you will need to make an almost continuous sheathing so that it can support the weight of the covering. Moreover, sometimes you have to use OSB boards. But for corrugated sheeting, lathing with a pitch of 60 cm is quite suitable. Continuous lathing should also be for a soft roof, like roofing felt or flexible tiles.

More details in the video:

Stage VI. Roofing pie device

What is insulation? First of all, it is a waterproofing film, which is located directly under the roofing. The main task is to prevent moisture from getting in after rain or from melted snow through problem areas in the roofing.

If this is planned, you will do everything in the following sequence:

• Step 1. Place a vapor barrier film on the finished canopy joists and nail it in place using nails or a construction stapler.
• Step 2. Place thermal insulation on the film.
• Step 3. Cover it all with another film - waterproofing. Also nail it to the joists.
• Step 4. Nail the batten and roofing on top.

Ventilation of such a roof is mandatory. Forced, if you install a special fan, or natural, if you position the dormer window correctly or leave a mandatory gap between the waterproofing film and the insulation so that the air takes moisture droplets from it.

Stage VII. Roofing installation

Everything here is the same as with a regular roof, just follow the manufacturer’s instructions. There are subtleties only in working with translucent materials.

To cover a polycarbonate canopy, follow these steps:

• Step 1. Trim the ends and seal them with profiled tape.
• Step 2. Mark and drill special holes for thermal washers so that they are 2-3 millimeters wider.
• Step 3. Secure the polycarbonate sheets to the racks with a special connecting profile.
• Step 4. Lay the polycarbonate starting from the lower left corner of the slope.
• Step 5. Attach the sheets to special thermal washers and do not skimp on these elements.

That's all! If you attach a shed with a pitched roof directly to the wall, then make the trusses in the form of a right triangle, but also with spacers inside and at an angle of 20-25 degrees.

Stage VIII. Organization of drainage

The canopy well protects from sunlight and precipitation what is located under it - a car, a gazebo or a swimming pool. The only disadvantage of a particular pitched roof is that water flows from it only in one direction. Therefore, if you do not want to get an eternally non-drying puddle right next to the canopy, and drainage.

As you can see, everything is as simple as shelling pears!