Technical service equipment includes fire equipment, which includes fire engines, fire-technical weapons (FTV), as well as communications, lighting and other fire-fighting equipment. The main type of fire fighting equipment is fire trucks (FA).
Depending on their purpose, fire trucks are divided into basic, special and auxiliary
Basic fire trucks are designed to supply fire extinguishing agents to the combustion zone and are divided into general purpose vehicles (for extinguishing fires in cities and populated areas) and vehicles for intended use: airfield, air-foam extinguishing, powder extinguishing, gas extinguishing, combined extinguishing, first aid vehicles.
Special firefighters cars are designed to ensure the performance of special work in a fire. The list of special works is given in the Combat Regulations fire department.
TO auxiliary fire trucks include: fuel tankers, mobile auto repair shops, diagnostic laboratories, buses, cars, operational service vehicles, trucks, as well as other specialized vehicles.
1 SPECIAL
AKP - 30 /KAMAZ/
Firefighting articulated lifts are designed to lift firefighters to the upper floors of buildings and structures, to rescue people from the upper floors of burning buildings.
Units armed with articulated lifts, in cooperation with units on the main fire engines, ensure the supply of fire extinguishing agents and their introduction to extinguishing fires in the upper floors, carrying out rescue operations from the upper floors and evacuation of property, the operation of the fire monitor mounted in the basket of a car lift, which is controlled from ground, as well as for supplying foam medium frequency to height.
Automatic transmission - 30
Chassis type - KamAZ
Overall dimensions, mm:
Length – 14300
Width - 2500
Height – 3600
Maximum speed – 100 km/h
Lifting angle – 90 degrees.
Lifting height – 30 m
Loading capacity of the cradle – 350 kg
Width between extreme support points –5.5 m
AUTO LADDER AL – 53/Mercedes/
Rotary staircase DL 53 K/F is a rescue vehicle with a lifting platform that is used primarily for rescuing people, extinguishing fires and providing technical support.
The achievable rescue height is approximately 53 meters.
Configuration staircase DL 53
1.Staircase;
2. fastening;
3.Chassis;
The chassis used is a front steering type chassis Mercedes Benz. The engine ensures the movement of the vehicle and the movement of special devices.
The driver's cabin and crew compartment provides space for the driver, assistant driver and crew of up to 4 people and has two doors.
The working platform is made of a stainless, non-slip rigid aluminum cover, and the outer casing is made of sheet steel. Folding Ladder - The stepladder is installed at the rear of the platform on the left. The working parts of the fire pump are located on the platform on the left. The left and right storage compartments are accessible through built-in louvres.
The running gear is connected to the base of the running gear and the vehicle chassis via a gear. It provides 360 degree rotation of the chassis connection and ladder assembly attachment. The drive is carried out via a hydraulically controlled running mechanism.
The control panel is located on the outer left side of the chassis and consists of a control panel and an operator's seat.
The ladder consists of 6 sections, 5 of which can be telescopically extended and retracted. The lower section of the ladder rotates on the axis of the ladder fastening. The staircase sections are made of closed hollow steel sections of square section, and the lower chords are made of special bent sections.
The operation of a turning staircase generally consists of the following functions:
Lift/tilt;
Rotation;
Pull out/retract;
Ground leveling
From ground level, the stairs can be raised to a maximum of 75 degrees.
The staircase can be lowered to a maximum of minus 12 degrees below floor level
The rotary ladder can continuously rotate 360 degrees when it is raised approximately 30 cm at an angle of 7 degrees from its resting position.
The ladder extends and retracts using 4 hydraulic cylinders.
To ensure optimal operation of the ladder during calls, the following instructions must be followed:
1. Temperature environment in the garage stairs should be at least + 5 0C;
2. Carry out maintenance and repairs at intervals determined by the manufacturer;
3. check devices and spare parts for their completeness and correct storage;
4. Follow the instructions of the manufacturer;
5. Each time before leaving, you must make sure that the ladder is completely retracted, securely fastened to the support and the ladder lock is closed.
Selecting a site for installing stairs:
1. Place the car on the selected site as close as possible to the object where the ladder will be used / the distance should not be less than 9 meters;
2. Check the hardness of the soil and unevenness of the site, paying attention to:
The rear wheels of the vehicle or the hydraulic cylinders of the support system should not be placed on soft ground, closed hatches or hydrant covers.
The lateral inclination of a turning ladder on uneven ground should not exceed 7 degrees.
Climbing stairs
The following precautions should be taken when climbing stairs:
Before completing ladder maneuvers, install the sections so that the sections are axially aligned;
The ladder commander must ensure that the ladder is in the correct vertical position; an inclined ladder raised by more than 40 degrees cannot be climbed if the ladder is without load.;
The stairs must not be climbed until the maneuvers are completed;
There must always be an operator on the ladder control panel while climbing the ladder, and the load indicator and support system must be constantly monitored;
at night the site must be illuminated
Everyone climbing stairs must be familiar with the working and safety devices of the stairs and must have a safety belt;
You need to climb the stairs with even steps and not too quickly;
In rescue operations, the person being rescued must either be tied with a rope to the top of the ladder or have the rescuer descend the ladder ahead of the person being rescued;
When maneuvering the ladder, no people should be on the ladder.
EMERGENCY _ RESCUE VEHICLE
Technical characteristics of ASA
UAZ 452 chassis
Number of places 3;
Speed, km/h 95 ;
1.Hydraulic tool kit
"LUKAS":
Power plant "Bosh" - 1;
Hydraulic pump with electric drive - 1;
Manual hydraulic pump - 1;
Hydraulic cylinder LSR - 1;
Retractor LSP – 1;
Cutting device LS – 1;
Hydraulic hoses - 2;
Galagen spotlights – 2;
2. Hydraulic tool set “Ekont”:
Pumping station NS "HONDA" - 1;
Manual hydraulic pump N – 80;
Extender – scissors with opening attachment steel doors - 1 ;
Hydraulic cylinder TsS –2 - 1;
Set of accessories for hydraulic cylinder
A) axis – 2;
B) pipe – 1;
B) hook - 2;
D) earring – 2;
D) chains –2;
E) manager - 1;
Hydraulic hoses - - 4;
3. Radio station “MOTOROLA”
4. Signal and loud-speaking installation SGU – 80, Elekt – 1;
5. Cable reel – 1;
6.Cutter – 1.
AUTO LADDER AL – 30 / ZIL 131/
Fire ladder designed to lift firefighters to the upper floors of buildings and structures, to rescue people from the upper floors of burning buildings.
Units armed with ladder trucks, in cooperation with units on the main fire engines, ensure the supply of fire extinguishing agents and their introduction to extinguish fires in the upper floors, carry out rescue operations from the upper floors and evacuate property.
AL – model L22)
Chassis type - ZIL – 131
Overall dimensions, mm:
Length – 9800
Width - 2500
Height – 3160
Weight with full load, kg – 10500
Smallest turning radius, m – 10.2
Maximum speed. km/h – 80
Engine power. kW (hp) –
Fuel consumption per 100 km. l – 40
Fuel range, km – 400
Fuel tank capacity, l – 170
Length of the fully extended ladder, m: without additional elbow – 30.2
with additional elbow – 32.2
Maximum knee rotation angle – unlimited
Ladder maneuver execution time, s:
Knee raises 75 – 30
Knee extension to full length - 30
Turn your knees to the right by 90 - 15
Elevator load capacity, kg - 180
VEHICLE COMMUNICATIONS AND LIGHTING / ASO – 8 /
Firefighting communications and lighting vehicles are designed to illuminate the work area of fire departments during fires and provide control and information communications. They deliver combat crews and a set of special equipment to the fire site to provide communications and lighting at the fire site.
Units armed with a communications and lighting vehicle can provide control communications using portable radios, a loudspeaker installation, telephone communications, information communications using car radios and a telephone connected to an automatic telephone exchange, as well as illumination of four to six combat positions during the work of fire extinguishing units. This vehicle can be used as a power plant, providing electricity to lighting, communication units and power tools. Electricity is supplied from a generator installed directly on the vehicle or from the city power grid. A fire extinguishing headquarters is usually located close to the communications and lighting vehicle.
ASO – 8 (66)
Chassis - GAZ – 66-01
Number of combat crew seats – 5
Overall dimensions, mm:
Length – 5655
Width – 2322
Height –2880
Weight, kg 5780
Maximum speed, km/h – 85
Control fuel consumption, l – 24
Fuel range, km – 870
Generator:
Brand – ECC5 – 62 – 42 – M - 101
Voltage, V – 230
Power, kW – 8
Stationary floodlight:
Type – PKN – 1500
Voltage, V – 220
Power, V - 1500
Incandescent lamp - KN – 220 – 1500
Portable spotlight:
Brand PKN – 1500
Voltage, V – 220
Power, V - 1500
Number, pcs - 4
Trunk cable
Means of communication:
Stationary radio stations
Radius – 40 km
Portable – 6 pcs.
Loudspeaker installation.
AUTO LADDER AL – 30 / PM 512/
The fire ladder is designed to lift firefighters to the upper floors of buildings and structures, to rescue people from the upper floors of burning buildings.
Units armed with ladder trucks, in cooperation with units on the main fire engines, ensure the supply of fire extinguishing agents and their introduction to extinguish fires in the upper floors, carry out rescue operations from the upper floors and evacuate property.
AL – 30 PM 512
Chassis type - Kamaz
The height of a fully extended ladder at an angle of 75 is at least 30 m;
Working load at the top of an unsupported ladder: 18 m – 350 kgf; 24m - 100 kgf;
Loading capacity of the ladder truck / crane / - angle 30 – 75 0 – 2000 kg;
Operating range from –7 to + 75;
Rotation angle is at least 360 0;
Width in vehicle - 2500 mm;
Height in vehicle – 3800 mm;
Length in vehicle – 11000 mm;
Chassis type – all-wheel drive;
Number of places for combat crew - 3 hours;
Maximum speed – 70 km/h;
Average service life - 11 years
AR is a hose vehicle, ASH is a command vehicle, ATSO is a technical and communications vehicle.
2. BASIC.
AERODROME CAR /AA/
Airfield fire trucks are designed to provide fire and rescue services on the airfield starting strip, extinguishing fires in airplanes and helicopters, evacuating passengers and crew members from aircraft that have crashed, as well as extinguishing fires at facilities near airports. The vehicles are used to deliver an aircraft or helicopter combat crew, firefighting equipment to the site of an accident and supply water, high-pressure solvents, highly effective fire extinguishing powders, freons and liquid bromoethyl compounds to the fire. Airport vehicles equipped with gasoline engines circular saws PDS - 400, designed for opening aircraft fuselages. To extinguish fires in enclosed spaces, aircraft compartments, cabins, engine compartments, as well as in live electrical installations, vehicles are equipped with SRC fire extinguishing systems and powder fire extinguishers.
Tactical and technical characteristics AA – 60
FIRE TANK TRUCK AC – 2.5 – 40 /ZIL –131/
Currently, fire departments are equipped modern means rescuing people and fighting fires, which allow them to perform tasks in the most difficult fire conditions.
The department, armed with a tanker truck, a pump truck or a pump-hose vehicle, is the primary tactical unit of the fire department, capable of independently performing individual tasks of extinguishing a fire, rescuing people, protecting and evacuating material assets.
The main tactical unit of the fire department is the guard, consisting of two or more squads on the main fire trucks. Depending on the specifics of the protected area or facility, the guards can be reinforced by one or more squads on special or auxiliary fire engines.
Fire tanker ATs - 2.5 -PM - 548 A.
Gross weight – 10280 kg;
Cabin type – double;
Chassis type – all-wheel drive;
Engine power – 110(150) kW (hp);
Number of seats – 6;
Pump capacity – 40l/s;
Base chassis – ZIL – 433440;
Maximum suction height – 7.5 m;
Maximum speed – 80 km/h;
Length – 7000 mm;
Width 2500 mm;
Height 2800 mm;
Tank capacity – 2500 l;
Foam tank capacity – 200 l;
Full service life – 10 years
FIRE TANK TRUCK AC – 5– 40/KAMAZ/
Fire tanker ATs – 5 – 40 PM 524
Weight – 15600 kg;
Number of seats - 7;
Suction height – 7.5 m;
Length – 8500; Width – 2500; height 3100 mm;
Tank capacity 5000 l;
Foam tank capacity 400 l;
Service life – 10 years.
FIRE TANK TRUCK AC – 7– 40/KAMAZ/
Fire tanker ATs – 7 – 40 PM 524
Weight – 18255 kg;
Number of seats - 7;
Pressure head PN – 100 m; productivity – 40l/s;
Suction height – 7.5 m;
Maximum speed – 80 km/h;
Length – 8500; Width – 2500; height 3400 mm;
Tank capacity 7000 l;
Foam tank capacity 700 l;
Service life – 10 years.
ANR – pump-hose vehicle. PNS – foam pumping station, AGVT – gas-water extinguishing vehicle, AB – foam extinguishing station,
Purpose: - for delivery of combat crews and fire-fighting equipment to the fire site; carrying out rescue operations in the upper floors of buildings and performing auxiliary work at heights; extinguishing a fire with water or high-pressure MP using a fire monitor and using it as a crane with a folded set of elbows.
ALs are classified by length:
AL-18(52)12 – light type – up to 20 m.
– medium type – from 20 to 30 m.
AL-45(133GYA)PM – 501 – heavy type – more than 30 m.
AL-45(257)PM – 109
Classification of firefighters AL:
Firefighting performance characteristics AL-30(131)PM-506
1. Basic chassis ZIL - 131
2. Number of combat crew seats – 3
The maximum length of a fully extended staircase (m) is 30 (you can reach the 8th floor).
The maximum working load at the top of the stairs at a lifting angle of 75 o (kN) is 250.
Lift angle range (deg) – 0° – 75°.
Maximum reach (m) of steel turntable with working load at the top – 16
Load capacity when using a ladder truck as a crane (with the ladder moved) (kg) at a deg lifting angle: 0 o – 30 o – 500 kg; 30 o – 60 o – 750 kg; 60 o – 75 o – 1000 kg.
Minimum elevation angle at which the knee can move under its own weight, degrees. – 30 o.
Working pressure in the hydraulic system is 16 (mPa).
The working fluid of the hydraulic system is all-season oil VMG-3.
The capacity of the hydraulic system tank is 90 l.
The shortest time for ladder maneuvers without load (C) rise from 0° to 75° is 25.
extension to full length at an angle of elevation of 75 o – 25
turn 360 o – 60
Maneuver: lift from 0° to 75°, full extension and turn 90° – 90.
Standards for the placement of fire protection equipment, equipment and inventory on the AL-30(131) PM-50B ladder truck.
Monitor barrel – 1 pc.
Replacement nozzles for fire monitors diameters 25 and 28 mm. - 2 pcs.
Rescue rope length. 30 m. in a case – 1 pc.
Rope for monitoring the monitor – 1
Tension rope with reel – 2 sets.
Comb for 4 GPS – 600, 2000m – 1 pc.
Assault ladder – 3 pcs.
set of tools for cutting electrical wires – set.
manual non-mechanical firefighting tools VET – 27 items in total.
General device AL-30(131)PM-506
fire ladder chassis with cabin, platform and front support frame;
set of knees (telescopically extendable);
support device;
lifting and turning device;
additional transmission for hydraulic pump;
motion drives (lifting, turning and extending) with a hydraulic system;
controls;
automatic safety and blocking devices;
additional electrical equipment and communications.
Fire ladder chassis with cabin, platform and front support frame:
base chassis ZIL-131 with additional transmission for hydraulic pump;
driver's cabin three-seater;
metal platform of box-shaped design;
a box for placing exported equipment;
Behind the cabin there is a front support frame, which serves to support the set of knees in the transport position.
In the event of failure of an additional transmission or engine, the AL design provides an emergency drive to bring the AL from the working position to the transport position.
Hydraulic pump – pump – hydraulic motor ***** - piston type.
Operating principle:
When disk 1 rotates, the system of pistons with curtains will also rotate, and at the same time rotor 2 will rotate.
The cylindrical holes of the rotor will alternately connect to the suction and pressure cavities of the hydraulic pump.
If you supply oil under pressure to one of the cavities (suction or pressure), and drain it from the other into the oil tank, the mechanism will work like an engine.
On a fire ladder, such mechanisms are used as pumps to create high pressure of the working fluid and as drive motors for turning the ladder and extending a set of elbows. We will return to them later.
Knee set:
It consists of four main and one additional elbows, extended along guide grooves on rollers.
Numbering of knees from top to bottom.
The lower – fourth knee – is hingedly attached to the rotating frame using a pivot. The extension of the main bends is carried out using twin steel ropes. The extension principle is similar to that of the L-3K retractable manual fire escape. The extension ropes of the third elbow are wound with their lower ends on the winch drum, and with their upper ends they pass through blocks installed on the top of the 4th elbow and are attached to the lower part of the 3rd elbow through a screw coupling with right and left threads, which serves to reduce the length and tension of the right and left branches of ropes.
The lower ends of the ropes of the second bend are fixed on the top of the 4th bend, pass through the blocks on the top of the 3rd bend and are fixed in the lower part of the second bend through an adjusting threaded coupling. The ropes of the first bend are secured with their lower ends to the top of the 3rd bend, pass through blocks at the top of the second bend and are secured through blocks and a coupling at the bottom of the first bend.
With such a system, all elbows move out relative to each other at the same speed, but their absolute speeds will be different.
Support device.
Serves to ensure stability of the AL during work and prevent overload of the knees.
Device: - support frame;
Four retractable supports with hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic locks.
Two mechanisms for blocking (switching off) rear springs with hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic locks;
Control spools located at the rear of the platform on the left and right.
When the front supports extend, the spring locking mechanisms are also activated.
1; 2; 3 – pistons
4; 5 – fittings
When oil rises under pressure into fitting 4, piston 1 moves to the left and opens path A.
Pistons 2 and 3 move to the right and oil from cavity B enters through fitting 5 (and vice versa.
Lifting and turning device:
Serves as a supporting base for a set of knees and provides lifting, lowering and turning of the stairs.
Device: - turntable, consisting of fixed and moving parts;
rotating frame;
lifting frame;
Inside the rotating frame, on the turning circle and on the lifting frame, the ladder drives are located: - axial manifold;
two lift cylinders;
extension and rotation drives;
lateral alignment mechanism - to ensure that the steps of the stairs are always in a horizontal position. Works automatically.
Hydraulic drive of lifting, extension and rotation systems.
The maple set is lifted by two hydraulic cylinders. For safe operation of the lift drive when the ladder is extended, hydraulic locks and friction hydraulic grips are provided.
The drive for extending and moving the knees consists of:
hydraulic motor;
worm gear;
drum for winding steel ropes.
The worm shaft has a braking device, which is similar in principle to the hydraulic grip of the lifting cylinder.
The rotation drive consists of:
hydraulic motor;
worm gearbox;
drive gear.
Hydraulic system: - ensures the operation of all actuators of the ladder.
Consists of: - hydraulic pump;
control valves;
cylinders;
hydraulic motors;
safety valve;
axial manifold;
gas sensor;
switch taps;
hydraulic pump with electric drive;
hydraulic locks;
hydraulic pump unloading crane;
automatic engine speed controller;
check valves and oil lines.
AL controls, locks and additional electrical equipment:
control panel with operator's seat;
on the remote control there are 4 handles “Lifting - lowering”, “extending - moving”, “turning” and an engine gas sensor;
extension length indicator and lift indicator;
pressure gauge showing the pressure of the working fluid in the drain line.
The safety of the AL operation is ensured by the presence of blocking devices in its design, this:
limit switches at the top of the ladder that automatically turn off the rotation or extension of the ladder if the top of the ladder hits an obstacle;
extension length limiters – switch off the extension drive when the maximum permissible length is reached at a given knee lift angle;
load limiters;
limiters for ladder extension, lowering angle and overturning moment.
In all cases when the blocking devices are triggered, the operator at the console is warned by a sound and light signal, and the movement of the stairs is turned off.
Additional electrical equipment:
includes: - alarm devices;
external lighting, lighting of workplaces and compartments;
sensors and warning lamps for various purposes;
intercom loudspeaker device.
These include:
two-channel sound signal;
electric intercom;
lighting fixtures on the tops of the first and fourth legs;
lamps for illuminating the console and turning on the locks;
warning lamps;
emergency electric drive of the hydraulic system, etc.
The procedure for installing fire truck ladders:
In the transport position, the knee set must rest on the front support frame, the supports must be raised, and the rear springs must be unlocked.
The access to the serviced facility should be selected based on the maximum possible convenience of AL installation and operation.
It is advisable to install the AL at a distance of approximately 10 meters from the building.
Installation should be carried out parallel to the building, and after lifting the set of knees, turn them towards the wall. If local conditions do not allow approaching from the side, you can install the AL perpendicularly, but no more than 18 meters from the axis of the turntable from the wall (AL-30) and no more than 16 meters (AL - 45).
After installation on the selected site, you need to tighten the handbrake;
On the AL-30, place the shift lever in the neutral position, and the gearshift lever in fourth gear;
Turn on the compressor;
press the pedal of the pump unloading valve on the AL-30 and make sure there is sufficient pressure in the hydraulic system using the pressure gauge;
Lower the supports until they firmly touch the ground and block the springs (the front supports are lowered first, and then the rear ones);
If necessary, place wooden blocks under the supports and stops under the rear wheels.
Operating control .
the first operation is to lift the set of knees, since all other movements (turning, extending) are blocked;
lifting must first be done at low speed, and after reaching an angle of 30-40º, transfer to high speed;
when the maximum angle of inclination of the set of knees is reached, their lifting at the AL stops;
It should be borne in mind that AL-30, when the top of the ladder approaches the boundary of the safety field (during lowering of the extended ladder), the lowering automatically stops;
when turning the set of knees to the right, the operator must be especially careful) since his field of vision in this case is partially blocked by the set of knees;
the rotation of a fully extended and raised ladder should be carried out with very smooth acceleration and deceleration, in order to avoid vibrations of the ladder;
The most important movement of the ladder is to extend its legs to the required height. Extension for AL is possible only after lifting the set of knees to an angle of 10º, full extension for AL - 30 is possible at a lifting angle of 50º and above;
the extension of the knees is carried out, as a rule, 1-1.5 m above the eaves of the roof, platform, fence, etc.;
approaching the top of the ladder to the boundary of the motion field and, in particular, to the place of support must be done at low speed;
after the extension has stopped, it is necessary to place the knees on the contactors;
in windy weather, when extending the ladder, tension ropes should be used;
if the ladder is used using a support, then it should only touch the support, and pressure on the support should only be transferred when the set of knees is loaded;
Before moving, the ladder must be raised, moved away from the support and extended by 50 mm;
the staircase is laid by lowering the set of knees, pushed all the way, onto the front support post;
In order to reduce heating of the working fluid, load the pump with operating pressure only when performing movements. During breaks between movements, the hydraulic system must be in idle mode;
AL-30(131)PM-506D
Technical description
and operating instructions PM-506d.00.000 TO
Attention
Introduction
Purpose of the ladder
Technical data
Composition, structure and operation of the ladder truck
Design and operation components ladder trucks
Chassis
Power group
Power take-off
Hydraulic pump
Oil tank
Emergency drive
Motor control drive
Hydraulic drive
Support base
Spring locking mechanism
Support
Support extension hydraulic cylinder
Support control unit
Lift-and-swivel base
Swivel support
Hydraulic mechanisms
Swing drive
Lifting cylinder
Extension drive
Extension drive gearbox
4.23 The circuit led to the blocking device
4.24 Locking device
4.25 Side leveling mechanism
4.26 Side leveling cylinder
4.27 Knee set
4.28 Electrical equipment
4.29 Fire monitor
4.30 Device for fastening the sleeve 5. Instrumentation, tools and accessories
Instrumentation
Tools and accessories
Labeling, sealing and packaging
General instructions for operating a ladder truck
Safety instructions
Preparation for work, measurement of parameters, regulation and adjustment,
Preparing for work
Parameter measurement, regulation and adjustment
10 Operating procedure
Lowering and raising supports
Raising and lowering stairs
Turning the stairs
Pull-out/pull-out stairs
Getting people up and down stairs
Descent of people along the sleeve
Working with a fire monitor
Working with foam generators
Laying stairs
Change of place of work
Working with hand pumps
Using a ladder for lifting loads
Operation at low air temperatures
Types and frequency of maintenance
Maintenance of hydraulic units
Lubrication
Changing the working fluid
Electrical equipment maintenance
11.7 Static tests
Possible failures and methods for their elimination
Maintenance instructions
Technical inspection and operational tests
Storage rules, preservation
Applications:
A Characteristics of working fluids used in the hydraulic system
B Lubrication table
B List of elements of the electrical circuit diagram
D List of elements of the hydraulic circuit diagram
D Sealing scheme
E Slinging diagram
F fastening scheme
And Album of drawings PM-506D.00.000 TO1
ATTENTION!
Persons who have completed a training course at the training center of the State Administration of the Federal Border Guard Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia or at the manufacturer and have received a certificate for the right to operate the fire ladder are allowed to operate the AL-ZO (131) PM-506D fire ladder.
Operation of the ladder by persons without a license is PROHIBITED.
Poor knowledge of the structure of a ladder truck and its management can lead to emergency situations.
When operating as an emergency drive, if vibrations of the knee set occur, stop movement until the vibrations end.
To eliminate cases of hydraulic system overload with pressure and the possibility of water hammer, it is necessary to move the control handles from one position to another smoothly with mandatory holding in the neutral position.
In order to eliminate the possibility of damage to the limit switches in the support control compartments, it is necessary to close the doors by holding them by the handles, avoiding a free blow when closing.
Carrying out any modifications without agreement with the manufacturer
PROHIBITED.
INTRODUCTION
The present technical description and operating instructions are intended to study the structure, operating principle and operating rules of the ladder truck.
In addition to this maintenance, it is necessary to use the operational documentation listed in section 4 of the form PM-506D.00.000 FO
The text of the TO is explained by drawings included in a separate Appendix I. Album of drawings PM-506D.00.000TO1.
1 Purpose of the ladder
1.1 The fire ladder is intended to:
for carrying out rescue operations in the upper floors of buildings;
to deliver combat crews and firefighting equipment to the fire site;
to extinguish a fire with water or air-mechanical foam;
for performing auxiliary work at a height of up to 30 m;
for use as a load-lifting crane with a folded set of elbows;
for evacuating people from a height of up to 30 m along a flight of stairs, as well as using an elastic rescue hose.
1.2 The ladder is designed for operation in temperate climates at air temperatures from minus 40 to plus 40°C and relative humidity up to 80% at 20°C.
| 2 Technical data 2.1 Technical data of the ladder truck are given in table 2.1 | |
| Indicator name | Meaning |
| Height of a fully extended ladder at a lifting angle of 75°, m, | 30 |
| no less | |
| Working load at the top of an unsupported ladder at | 1,6(160) |
| maximum reach, kN(kgf), no more | |
| Loading capacity of the ladder when using a ladder truck in | 1000 |
| as a crane (with the ladder moved), kg, no more | |
| Working range of vertical ladder lifting | from minus 4 to 75 |
| plane, deg | |
| The angle of rotation of the stairs to the right or left (at an ascent angle | is not limited |
| not less than 10°), deg | |
| Working reach of the top of the ladder from the axis of rotation of the rotary | |
| bases with maximum working load at the top, m | |
| Ladder maneuver time maximum speed movement | |
| no load, with, at: | |
| rise from 0 to 75° | 25±5 |
| lowering from 75 to 0° | 25±5 |
| extending to full length at a lifting angle of 75° | 20±5 |
| shift (full) at a lift angle of 75° | 20±5 |
| turning 360° to the right or left with the ladder moved and raised 75° | 45±15 |
| Installation time on outriggers on a horizontal platform, | 50 |
| s, no more | |
| Minimum elevation angle at which the knees can move | 30 |
| under the influence of its own mass, deg | |
| Working pressure in the hydraulic system, MPa (kgf/cm2) | 17,5 +1 (175 +10) |
| Hydraulic fluid | All-season oil VMGZ |
| TU38-101479-74 |
|
| Oil MG-30 |
|
| TU 38-10150-79 |
|
| Working fluid substitutes | Spindle oil |
| OST 38.01412-86 |
|
| Oil I-30A |
|
| GOST 20799-75 |
|
| Continuation of Table 2.1 |
||
| Indicator name | Meaning | |
| The range of permissible temperatures of working fluids for short-term | ||
| temporary work, °C: | ||
| VMGZ | From - 40 to + | 65 |
| MG-30 | From - 5 to + | 75 |
| I-30A | From - 5 to + | 75 |
| AU | From - 20 to + | 65 |
| Volume of filling tanks of aerial ladder units, l; | ||
| extension drive gearbox | 1,0 | |
| swing drive gearbox | 1,0 | |
| hydraulic tank the entire hydraulic system | 90 | |
| 200 | ||
| Chassis type | All-wheel drive |
|
| Total weight, kg, no more | 10185 | |
| Distribution of total mass along axes, kg | ||
| on the front axle, no more | 3060 | |
| on the rear trolley, no more | 7125 | |
| Length in transport position, mm, no more | 11000 | |
| Width in transport position, mm, no more | 2500 | |
| Height in transport position, mm, no more | 3200 | |
| Maximum transport speed, km/h | 80 | |
| Fuel consumption during stationary operation for pump drive, | 10 | |
| kg/h, no more | ||
| Gamma percentage resource to first overhaul | 1250 | |
| (at y =0.8), h, not less | ||
| Average service life before decommissioning, years | 10 | |
| Established service life before the first major overhaul, h, not less | 800 | |
| Note: Maneuver times are indicated when working on the 4th variable gearbox transmission | ||
3 Composition, structure and operation of the ladder truck
3.1 Autoladder AL-30(131)PM-506D is
A hydraulically driven retractable ladder is an indispensable device that is required to be included in most fire trucks. The main purpose of this design is to save people in the event of a fire hazard in high-rise multi-storey buildings. The most common models of this device are ladders of the AL 30 and AL 50 types. Their design features, as well as the rules of operation, according to the instructions, will be discussed in this illustrated article big amount Photo and video.
Hydraulic retractable ladder for fire truck is an indispensable equipment to help rescue people
Fire ladder - description of the device
A fire truck ladder is a special type of rescue equipment, which is a sliding rotary structure with a hydraulic lifting drive. The AL 30 and AL 50 modification systems are mounted on the chassis of specialized cargo vehicles - most often on vehicles traveling to the scene of fires.
The AL 50 ladder in sliding form can reach even the highest floors Purpose of aerial ladders AL 30 and AL 50
This type of ladder is used:
- when extinguishing fires;
- in emergency restoration work;
- for carrying out rescue operations to evacuate people.
Not a single fire department can do without this reliable technological device Fire escapes provide rescue teams with access to hard-to-reach places on high-rise buildings. Also, with their support, special fire extinguishing means and special equipment are delivered to the required height.
The design allows you to lift both firefighters and the equipment necessary to extinguish the fire to the floors of high-rise buildings. Often, with the help of the AL 30 and AL 50 structures, victims are evacuated from the upper floors of the building and material assets.
terms of Use
Fire equipment AL 30 and AL 50 has a whole range of design features(read about them further), which allows it to be used in various climatic conditions, including large temperature differences.
These systems are able to operate uninterruptedly in both heat and extreme cold, withstanding temperature loads from -35 to +35 degrees This system easily withstands temperature loads from –35 to +35 degrees Celsius. And if specific instructions are followed, such systems can be used at lower temperatures.
The photo shows a fire truck equipped with an AL 30 modification ladder Classification of fire ladders
Fire structures of type AL 30 and AL 50 are classified according to the following parameters:
- length of the system when unfolded;
- number of knees;
- drive type.
These design systems are classified depending on their length, number of nodes and type of drive Length
According to this indicator, ladders are:
- light type - length up to 20 meters;
- medium - from 20 to 30 meters;
- heavy - length exceeds 30 meters.
The fire ladder in sliding form can reach a length of 50 meters Number of knees
Based on the number of bends, systems are classified into:
- three-knee;
- four-knee;
- six-knee.
As the length of the structure increases, the number of bends also increases.
This system has increased strength and has reliable components Drive types
As for the types of drives, fire escapes are divided into:
- aerial ladders with a hydraulic system;
- with mechanical drive;
- with combination box.
The greatest use has been found in hydraulic devices (see photo).
The most common design in use is considered to be a design with a hydraulic mechanism. How to decipher the markings of aerial ladders
Fire structures are marked with signs and numbers. Let's look at it in more detail using the AL 30 aerial ladders as an example.
The marking of a fire escape ladder is quite simple: AL 30 - a vehicle ladder 30 meters long So, this marking is deciphered as follows:
- A-car;
- L-ladder;
- 30 is a number indicating the length of the device when unfolded; this indicator is presented in meters.
User manual
Special operating instructions for the system have been developed for this high-tech engineering device. This act is required for review by all members of fire crews.
Very important. so that after completing exercises or firefighting operations, the ladder is properly maintained and is in combat readiness The document itself consists of the following main points that must be followed:
- In order to ensure the operability of the fire hydraulic structure, it must be stored in a heated garage, at a temperature of at least 5 degrees Celsius. But at the same time, the system must always remain in combat readiness - be properly equipped with equipment and filled with fuel and lubricants.
After returning the vehicle from the mission, it is necessary to check all the parts of the fire escape, as well as clean, wipe and lubricate them - After each fire response or training session, the ladder truck must be cleaned, wiped and lubricated in accordance with the lubrication chart. It is also necessary to check the structure for serviceability of the contactors, components and hydraulic system. If a break is found on the cables, they must be urgently replaced.
When parked in a garage, the structure must be kept in perfect condition. - The approach of the ladder truck to the site should be carried out in such a way that the system can be unhindered. At the same time, the higher the ladder needs to be raised, the closer it must be to the object being served.
- It is not allowed to work on a structure if its platform has an angle of inclination to the horizon of more than 6 degrees. In this case, you need to ensure that the rear wheels of the vehicle do not end up on the roof of mines, fire wells, in trenches, unstable soil, and so on (see photo).
Before lifting the device, the driver must ensure that the machine is securely and stable in place. - Before preparing for work, you need to tighten the handbrake of the fire truck and lower the support cheeks. The structure should be controlled using handles and handwheels on the remote control.
- The first maneuver of the ladder is considered to be its growth, since in the vehicle transport position all remaining movements are blocked.
A fire truck equipped with a hydraulic ladder system must always be in good working order. - The most serious movement of the structure is considered to be the extension of the knees to the desired height. The first knee spread should be performed at low speed. After the top of the stairs reaches the maximum level, the knees must be placed on the locks and the car engine must be turned off.
Before ascending and descending a ladder, firefighters must ensure that it is securely fixed to the wall.
Conclusion
Thus, fire ladders of the AL 30 and AL 50 types are indispensable structures for ensuring the safety of people living in cities and other populated areas where there are high-rise buildings. These designs allow you to quickly and timely reach the site of rescue operations and save lives.
Firefighter ladder trucks have saved the lives of a large number of victims and continue to serve for the benefit of people Video
We bring to your attention an interesting video about the work of fire crews using the AL 30 (AL 50) staircase structure.