ARCTIC POOL, Polar basin, Central Arctic basin, deep-sea part of the North. Arctic approx., bounded to the south by the edge of the continental shelf of Eurasia and the north. America. Area approx. 5.3 million km 2. A. b. dissected by 3 underwater ridges - Gakkel (minimum depth 400 m), Lomonosov (954 m), Mendeleev and uplifts (Alpha and Chukotka) into underwater basins: Nansen (maximum depth 5449 m), Amundsen (4321 m), Makarov (3940 m), Podvodnikov (3285 m), Toll (2780 m), Canadian (3838 m) and North Pole (2288 m). The bottom is covered with a layer of silt ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 km thick. The climate is harsh. Wed. temperature in January from -30 to -34°C, in July approx. 0°C. T. o., A. b. all year round covered with compact drifting ice, mostly multi-year ice (“pack”). Surface water temperature approx. -1.8°C, salinity is reduced by river flow and summer melting of ice to 30-32°/oo. This layer is underlain by denser warm Atlantic oceans. waters, which plunge northward from Spitsbergen and spread throughout A. b. at depths from 150-200 m to 800 m. Their temperature is approx. 1°C, salinity 34.5°/ 00 or more. To the east parts A. b. at depths of 50 to 100 m, Pacific waters spread, which come from the Bering Sea and can be traced to the ridge. Lomonosov. Their temperature is approx. -1.4°С, salinity is approx. 33°/oo. Below 800 m A. b. occupied by bottom water with a temperature of approx. -1°С and salinity more than 34.5°/oo. The circulation of water and ice is determined by the wind and water exchange with the Atlantic. and the Pacific Oceans. In the Canadian region A. b. A stable anticyclonal circulation of ice and surface water develops. In the rest of A. b. The Transarctic flow of ice and water dominates. currents directed from the Bering Sea to Greenland. Average speeds of ice drift and constant currents A. b. are 2-4 km/day. In the waters of A. b. 70 species of phytoplankton were discovered, among them diatoms predominate, approx. 80 different forms of zooplankton. Fauna - walruses, seals, polar bears live there. in the peripheral parts of A. b.
Lit.: Treshnikov A.F. [etc.]. Geographical names of the main parts of the bottom relief of the Arctic basin, "Problems of the Arctic and Antarctic", 1967, No. 27. E.G. Nikiforov, V.V. Panov.
ARCTIC POOL
(Polar Basin)
deep-sea part of the North. Arctic approx., bounded from the south by the edge of the Eurasian shelf and Northern. America. 5.3 million km2. It is dissected by the underwater Gakkel, Lomonosov and Mendeleev ridges into the Nansen, Amundsen, Makarov, Canadian and other basins. Drifting ice is characteristic. It is studied mainly by the North Pole drifting stations.
Large encyclopedic dictionary. 2012
See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of the word and what ARCTIC BASIN is in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:
- ARCTIC POOL in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
basin, Polar basin, Central Arctic basin, deep-water part of the Arctic Ocean, limited to the south by the edge of the continental shelf of Eurasia and the north. ... - ARCTIC POOL
(Polar Basin), deep-sea part of the North. Arctic approx., bounded from the south by the edge of the Eurasian shelf and Northern. America. 5.3 million km2. ... - POOL in the Dictionary of Russian Railway Slang:
Livefish... - POOL in Miller's Dream Book, dream book and interpretation of dreams:
If a young lady swims in a pool in a dream, this is a good dream: her dignity and decency will help her find a true... - POOL in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
- ARCTIC in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
This word means in astronomy everything that relates to the constellation Ursa (Greek Arktos) located high in the northern sky, therefore - ... - POOL
[French bassin] 1) artificial reservoir; 2) river basin - the area of land from which underground and surface water flows into a given river... - ARCTIC in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
[see arctic] northern, ... - POOL in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
a, m. 1. An artificial reservoir, specially constructed for swimming, bathing, and for decorative purposes. Swimming b. 2. The set of tributaries of a river, lake... - POOL in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
, -a, m. 1. An artificial reservoir built for swimming, bathing, and for decorative purposes. Winter b. for swimming. 2. The totality of tributaries... - POOL
SPORTS POOL, includes baths for swimming and water polo (50x21 m, depth 1.8-2.3 m), ski jumping and platform (18-20x14-21 ... - POOL in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
RIVER POOL, part earth's surface, with which the water flow enters the river system... - POOL in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
MINERAL POSITION, a closed area of continuous or almost continuous distribution of strata sedimentary minerals (for example, oil and gas basins, coal, salt, ore... - POOL in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
BASIN, city in Myanmar, in the river delta. Irrawaddy Adm. c. region Irrawaddy 144 t.zh. (1985). Mor. and a river port. Rice cleaning, ... - ARCTIC in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ARCTIC BELT, a natural belt of the Earth, including b. Part of the Arctic. On land in A.p. includes the Arctic zone. deserts. The seas are characterized by stable... - ARCTIC in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ARCTIC AND ANTARCTIC INSTITUTE N.-I., St. Petersburg. Basic in 1920 as Sev. exp. Scientific and technical Department of the Supreme Economic Council; since 1925 Institute for the Study ... - ARCTIC in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ARCTIC GEOSYNCLINAL BELT, surrounds the Northern depression. Arctic approx. Includes Paleozoic and Mesozoic folded structures of the North. Greenland, Canada, North-East. ... - ARCTIC in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
ARCTIC BASIN (Polar Basin), deep-sea part of the North. Arctic approx., limited to the southern edge of the Eurasian shelf and northern. America. 5.3 million... - ARCTIC in the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedia:
- This word means in astronomy everything that relates to the constellation Ursa (Greek Arktos) located high in the northern sky... - POOL
pool"in, pool"in, pool"in, pool"in, pool"in, pool"in, pool"in, pool"in, pool"in, pool"in, pool"in, ... - ARCTIC in the Complete Accented Paradigm according to Zaliznyak:
arctic, arctic, arctic, arctic, arctic, arctic, arctic, arctic, arctic, arctic, arctic, arctic, arctic logical, arctic, arctic, arctic, arctic, arctic, arctic, arctic, … - POOL in the Dictionary of the Great Russian Language of Business Communication:
railway live fish car. (Railway... - POOL in the Popular Explanatory Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Russian Language:
-a, m. 1) An open or indoor artificial reservoir built for swimming, bathing, decorative purposes, etc., usually ... - POOL in the Thesaurus of Russian Business Vocabulary:
Syn: tank, ... - POOL in the New Dictionary of Foreign Words:
(French bassin) 1) artificial reservoir; 2) a natural or artificial reservoir, specially equipped for swimming, jumping classes and competitions... - POOL in the Dictionary of Foreign Expressions:
[fr. bassin] 1. artificial pond; 2. a natural or artificial reservoir, specially equipped for training and competitions in swimming, diving... - POOL in the Russian Language Thesaurus:
Syn: tank, ... - POOL in Abramov's Dictionary of Synonyms:
reservoir, reservoir, receptacle, reservoir, aquarium. Wed. . Cm. … - POOL
Syn: tank, ... - ARCTIC in the Russian Synonyms dictionary:
boreal... - POOL
m. 1) a) An open or indoor artificial reservoir for swimming, diving, etc. b) Construction... - ARCTIC in the New Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by Efremova:
adj. 1) Related to the Arctic, associated with it. 2) Committed within the Arctic, associated with Arctic exploration. 3) Living, growing... - POOL
swimming pool, ... - ARCTIC in Lopatin’s Dictionary of the Russian Language:
arctic (from... - POOL
pool, … - ARCTIC in the Complete Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language:
arctic (from... - POOL in the Spelling Dictionary:
swimming pool, ... - ARCTIC in the Spelling Dictionary:
arctic (from... - POOL in Ozhegov’s Dictionary of the Russian Language:
a set of tributaries of a river, lake, as well as the drainage area of surface and groundwater into the reservoir of the Bolshoi Volga. pool is the area where useful substances occur… - POOL in Dahl's Dictionary:
husband. a reservoir, a reservoir in all meanings, a ravine, a lair, a depression in the ground, as if from sediment, with sloping edges, enclosing the sea, ... - POOL in the Modern Explanatory Dictionary, TSB:
city in Myanmar, in the river delta. Irrawaddy Adm. c. region Irrawaddy 144 thousand inhabitants (1985). Sea and river port. Rice cleaning,... - POOL
(ase; ase wrong.), pool, m. (French bassin). 1. A large artificial reservoir with an open water surface. The park had a swimming pool with… - ARCTIC in Ushakov’s Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language:
arctic, arctic. 1. Adj. to the Arctic; opposite Antarctic. Arctic peoples. Arctic countries. 2. Serving or studying the Arctic. Arctic… - POOL
swimming pool m. 1) a) An open or indoor artificial reservoir for swimming, diving, etc. b) ... - ARCTIC in Ephraim's Explanatory Dictionary:
arctic adj. 1) Related to the Arctic, associated with it. 2) Committed within the Arctic, associated with Arctic exploration. 3) Inhabitant, ... - POOL
m. 1. An open or indoor artificial reservoir for swimming, diving, etc. Ott. Construction with... - ARCTIC in the New Dictionary of the Russian Language by Efremova:
- POOL
I m. 1. An open or indoor artificial reservoir for swimming, diving, etc. 2. Construction... - ARCTIC in the Large Modern Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language:
adj. 1. Related to the Arctic, associated with it. 2. Committed within the Arctic, associated with Arctic exploration. 3. Living, growing...
The Arctic Ocean is located between Eurasia and North America, and is the smallest ocean on our planet. Its area is 14.75 million square meters. km. with an average depth of 1225 meters. The greatest depth is 5.5 km. located in the Greenland Sea.
In terms of the number of islands and archipelagos, the Arctic Ocean ranks second after the Pacific Ocean. This ocean contains such large islands and archipelagos as Greenland, Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zemlya, Severnaya Zemlya, Wrangel Island, the New Siberian Islands, and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.
The Arctic Ocean is divided into three large water areas:
- Arctic Basin; The center of the ocean, its deepest section reaches 4 km.
- North European Basin; It includes the Greenland Sea, the Norwegian Sea, the Barents Sea and the White Sea.
- Mainland Shoal; Includes the seas that wash the continents: the Kara Sea, the Laptev Sea, the East Siberian Sea, the Chukchi Sea, the Beaufort Sea and the Baffin Sea. These seas account for more than 1/3 of the total ocean area.
It is quite simple to imagine the topography of the ocean floor in a simplified manner. The continental shelf (maximum width 1300 km) ends with a sharp decrease in depth to 2-3 km, forming a kind of step that surrounds the central deep-sea part of the ocean.
This natural bowl is more than 4 km deep in the center. dotted with many underwater ridges. In the 50s of the 20th century, bottom echolocation showed that the Arctic Ocean is dissected by three trans-oceanic ridges: Mendeleev, Lomonosov and Gakkel.
The waters of the Arctic Ocean are fresher than other oceans. This is explained by the fact that large rivers of Siberia flow into it, thereby desalinating it.
CLIMATE
From January to April there is an area in the center of the ocean high pressure, better known as the Arctic anticyclone. In the summer months, on the contrary, lower pressure prevails in the Arctic basin. The pressure difference constantly brings cyclones, precipitation and winds of up to 20 m/s to the Arctic Ocean from the Atlantic. On their way to the center of the ocean, a huge number of cyclones pass through the North European basin, causing sudden changes in weather, heavy rainfall and fog.
The air temperature ranges from -20 to -40 degrees. In winter, when 9/10 of the ocean area is covered with drifting ice, the water temperature does not rise above 0 degrees Celsius, dropping to -4. The thickness of the drifting ice floes is 4-5 meters. Icebergs are constantly found in the seas surrounding Greenland (Baffin Sea and Greenland Sea). By the end of winter, the ice area reaches 11 million square meters. km. Only the Norwegian, Barents and Greenland Seas remain ice-free. These seas flow into warm waters North Atlantic Current.
In the Arctic basin, ice islands drift, the ice thickness of which is 30-35 meters. The “lifetime” of such islands exceeds 6 years and they are often used to operate drifting stations.
By the way, Russia is the first and the only country, which uses drifting polar stations. Such a station consists of several buildings where expedition members live, and there is a set necessary equipment. The first such station appeared in 1937 and was called “ North Pole". The scientist who proposed this method of exploring the Arctic is Vladimir Vize .
ANIMAL WORLD
Until the 20th century, the Arctic Ocean was a “dead zone”; research was not carried out there due to very harsh conditions. Therefore, knowledge about the animal world is very scarce.
The number of species decreases as you approach the center of the ocean in the Arctic basin, but phytoplankton develops everywhere, including under drifting ice. This is where feeding fields for various minke whales are located. The colder areas of the Arctic Ocean are favored by animals that can easily withstand harsh climatic conditions: narwhal, beluga whale, polar bear, walrus, seal.
In more favorable waters of the North European Basin animal world more diverse due to fish: herring, cod, sea bass. There is also the habitat of the now almost exterminated bowhead whale.
The fauna of the ocean is gigantic. Giant mussels, giant cyanide jellyfish, and sea spider live here. The slow progression of life processes endowed the inhabitants of the Arctic Ocean with longevity. Recall that the bowhead whale is the longest-living vertebrate on Earth.
The flora of the Arctic Ocean is unusually sparse, because... drifting ice does not allow the sun's rays to pass through. With the exception of the Barents and White Seas, the organic world is represented by unpretentious algae, which predominate in the continental shallows. But in terms of the amount of phytoplankton, the seas of the Arctic Ocean can easily compete with more southern seas. There are more than 200 species of phytoplakton in the ocean, almost half of them are diatoms. Some of them have adapted to live on the very surface of the ice and during the flowering period they cover it with a brown-yellow film, which, by absorbing more light, causes the ice to melt faster.
The main part of the Arctic Ocean is the Arctic Basin. More than half of the basin is occupied by the shelf. According to the names of the marginal Arctic seas, it is divided into the Barents Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea and East Siberian-Chukchi Sea (a significant part is adjacent to the shores of North America) [ 5 ] .
The Barents Sea shelf in structural and geological terms is Precambrian platform with a powerful case made of sedimentary breeds Paleozoic And Mesozoic. On the outskirts Barents seas the bottom is composed of ancient folded complexes of various ages (in Kola peninsula and northwest of Spitsbergen - Archean-Proterozoic, off the coast New Earth- Hercynian and Caledonian).The most significant depressions and troughs of the sea: the Medvezhinsky trench in the west, the Franz Victoria trench and Saint Anna in the north, the Samoilov Trench in the central part of the Barents Sea, large hills - the Medvezhinskoe Plateau, the Nordkinskaya and Demidovskaya Banks, the Central Plateau, the Perseus Rise, the Admiralty Rise. Bottom White seas in the northern and western parts it is folded Baltic Shield, in the eastern - Russian platform. The bottom of the Barents Sea is characterized by dense dissection by flooded seas glacial And river valleys [ 5 ] .
Southern part of the shelf Karsky seas is basically a continuation Western-Siberian Herzen platform. In the northern part, the shelf intersects the submerged part of the Ural-Novaya Zemlya meganticlinorium, the structures of which continue in the northern Taimyr and archipelago Northern Earth To the north are the Novaya Zemlya Trench, the Voronin Trench and the Central Kara Upland. The DnoKara Sea is crossed by clearly defined extensions of valleys Obi And Yenisei. Near Novaya Zemlya, Severnaya Zemlya, Taimyr, exaration and accumulative relict glacial landforms are common at the bottom [ 5 ] .
The predominant type of relief on the shelf seas Laptev- marine accumulative plain, along the coasts, and on individual banks - abrasive-accumulative plains. The same leveled relief continues at the bottom East-Siberian seas, in some places at the bottom of the sea (about Novosibirsk islands and northwest of bearish islands) the ridge relief is clearly expressed. At the bottom Chukotsky seas flooded denudation plains predominate. The southern part of the sea is a deep structural depression filled with loose sediments and Meso-Cenozoic effusives [ 5 ] .
The continental slope of the Arctic basin is dissected by large, wide underwater canyons. Cones of turbidity flows form an accumulative shelf - the continental foot. A large alluvial fan forms the Mackenzie submarine canyon in the southern part Canadian basins. Abyssal Part The Arctic Basin is busy middle-oceanic ridge Gakkel and the bed of the ocean. The Gakkelyan Ridge starts from the Lena Valley, then extends parallel to the Eurasian submarine margin and adjoins the continental slope in the Laptev Sea. Along the rift zone of the ridge there are numerous epicenters earthquakes. It stretches from the underwater edge of northern Greenland to the continental slope of the Laptev Sea. ridge Lomonosov is a monolithic mountain structure in the form of a continuous shaft. It is believed that there lies under the Lomonosov Ridge earthly bark continental type. From the underwater margin of the East Siberian Sea north of Wrangel Island to Ellesmere Island in the Canadian archipelago ridge Mendeleev. It has a blocky structure and is composed of rocks typical of oceanic crust. There are also two marginal plateaus in the Arctic basin - Ermak north of Spitsbergen and Chukotka north of the Chukchi Sea. Both of them are formed by continental crust type [ 5 ] .
Between the underwater part of Eurasia and ridge Gakkel lies basin Nansen with a maximum depth of 3975 m. Its bottom is occupied by flat abyssal plains. Located between the Haeckel and Lomonosov ridges basin Amundsen. The bottom of the basin is a vast flat abyssal plain with a maximum depth of 4485 m. Northern pole located in this basin. Between the Lomonosov and Mendeleev ridges is located basin Makarova with maximum depths of more than 4510 m. The southern, relatively shallow (with a maximum depth of 2793 m) part of the basin is distinguished separately as basin Podvodnikov. The bottom of the Makarov Basin is formed by flat and undulating abyssal plains, the bottom of the Podvodnikov Basin is an inclined accumulative plain. Canadian basin, located kyugu from the Mendeleev Ridge and east of the Chukotka Plateau, is the largest basin in area with a maximum depth of 3909 m. Its bottom is mainly a flat abyssal plain. Under all the basins the earth's crust has no granite layer. The thickness of the crust here is up to 10 km due to a significant increase in the thickness of the sedimentary layer [ 5 ] .
Bottom sediments The Arctic basin is of exclusively terrigenous origin. Predominant sediments are fine mechanical composition. In the south of the Barents Sea and in the coastal strip of the White and Kara Seas, sandy sediments. Widespread iron-manganese nodules, but mainly on the shelf of the Barents and Kara seas. The thickness of bottom sediments in the Arctic Ocean reaches 2-4 km, which is explained by the widespread occurrence of flat abyssal plains. The large thickness of bottom sediments is determined by the high amount of sedimentary material entering the ocean, annually about 2 billion tons or about 8% of the total amount entering the ocean. World ocean [ 5 ] .
Arctic basin (geology and morphology). St. Petersburg: VNIIOkeangeology, 2017. - 291 p.
The geological and geophysical uniqueness of the Arctic Ocean became obvious back in the 20th century after regional studies were carried out. Nowhere else on Earth is such a variety of structures of different ages and different characteristics found, concentrated in such a small area. Only one well has been drilled in the deep Arctic Ocean. Until recently, geological and geophysical materials were represented by maps of potential field anomalies, bathymetric data and point seismic soundings. The situation changed radically at the beginning of the 21st century, when the states surrounding the ocean - Russia, Canada, the USA, Denmark and Norway - conducted a number of complex geological and geophysical expeditions in the Arctic basin. The first results of these works have been published. However, a complete seismostratigraphic correlation of sections of the Arctic basin has not yet been carried out, there is no recognized classification of the geotectonic structures of the region, and the evolutionary history of the formation of these structures has not been worked out. The book offered to readers reflects the progress achieved in solving the problems of geology of the Arctic basin.
Geological and geophysical uniqueness of the Arctic Ocean became obvious in the XX century after reconnaissance studies. Nowhere in the world does one meet such a variety of ages and diverse pattern of structure and all of this focuses on such a small area. Only one hole for seabed mapping has been drilled so far in the deep-water area of the Arctic Ocean. Geological and geophysical data until recently were presented mainly by potential field anomalies, bathymetric data and seismic sounding points. The situation changed dramatically at the beginning of the XXI century, when the coastal states of the Arctic Ocean - Russia, Canada, the United States, Denmark and Norway - conducted complex geological and geophysical expeditions in the central part of the Arctic Ocean. The results of this work are published in the world press. However, to date, there is no correlation of regional seismic-stratigraphic schemes for the Arctic Ocean. There is no universally accepted classification of geotectonic structures of the region and the evolutionary history of their formation has not been developed. Progress in solving the problems of the Arctic Basin geology is presented in this book to readers.
© VNIIOkeangeology, 2017
A. L. Piskarev, V. A. Poselov, G. P. Avetisov, V. V. Butsenko, V. Yu. Glebovsky, E. A. Gusev, S. M. Zholondz, V. D. Kaminsky, A. A. Kireev, O. E. Smirnov, Yu. G. Firsov, A. G. Zinchenko, A. D. Pavlenkin, L. G. Poselova, V. A. Savin, A. A. Chernykh, D. V. Elkina.
Ch. editor: corresponding member RAS V. D. Kaminsky.
Editors: corresponding member. RANS, Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Professor of St. Petersburg State University A. L. Piskarev and Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences V.A. Poselov.
Introduction - p.5
List of abbreviations - p.6
1. Modern knowledge of the bottom of the Arctic basin - p.7
1.1. The bottom topography of the Arctic basin - p. 7
1.2. Morphological elements of the seabed - p. 17
1.3. Study of gravitational and magnetic anomalies - p. 22
1.3.1. Russian studies - p. 22
1.3.2. Foreign studies - p. 28
1.3.3. International projects - p. 31
1.4. Seismic surveys MOV - p. 36
1.5. Seismic research of MPV GSS - p. 44
1.6. Seismicity in the Arctic - p. 47
1.7. Geological sampling and drilling - p. 53
2. Seismic stratigraphy of the sedimentary cover - p.61
2.1. Amundsen and Nansen basins of the Eurasian basin - p. 61
2.2. The complex of the Central Arctic uplifts of the Amerasian basin (Lomonosov Ridge, the Mendeleev uplift system - Alpha, the Podvodnikov Basin, the Makarov Basin, the Chukotka Basin and the Chukotka Plateau) and the adjacent shelf of northeastern Eurasia - p. 69
3. Eurasian basin - p. 87
3.1. Formation and evolution of the Eurasian basin according to the traditional interpretation of data - p. 87
3.2. Gakkel Ridge - p. 94
3.3. Nansen Basin - village. 98
3.4. Amundsen Basin - p. 106
3.5. Continental margin in the Laptev Sea - p. 106
3.6. Alternative hypotheses for the evolution of the Eurasian basin - p. 120
4. Lomonosov Ridge - p.126
4.1. Morphology - p. 129
4.2. Potential fields - p. 132
4.3. Sedimentary cover - p. 133
4.4. Acoustic foundation - p. 142
4.5. Structure earth's crust- With. 142
5. Podvodnikov Basin - p. 148
5.1. Morphology - p. 148
5.2. Potential fields - p. 152
5.3. Acoustic foundation - p. 154
5.4. Sedimentary cover - p. 157
5.5. The structure of the earth's crust - p. 171
6. Makarova Basin - p. 180
6.1. Morphology - p. 180
6.2. Potential fields - p. 182
6.3. Sedimentary cover - p. 182
6.4. Earth's crust - p. 185
7. Rise of Mendeleev - p. 188
7.1. Morphology - p. 188
7.2. Potential fields - p. 190
7.3. Sedimentary cover - p. 191
7.4. Acoustic foundation - p. 209
7.5. The structure of the earth's crust - p. 210
8. Chukotka Plateau and Chukotka Basin - p. 219
8.1. Morphology - p. 219
8.2. Potential fields - p. 221
8.3. Sedimentary deposits - p. 222
8.4. Geological testing. Acoustic foundation - p. 231
9. Extension structures on the continental margin of Eurasia - p. 233
10. Canadian basin - p. 238
11. Pliocene-Quaternary sedimentation - p. 250
12. Short review geological and bathymetric data used to justify the boundaries of the legal shelf Russian Federation in the Arctic Ocean - p. 269
12.1. The thickness of the earth's crust in the deep-sea region of the Arctic Ocean - p.269
12.2. Analysis of data on the thickness of the sedimentary cover - p. 271
12.3. Bathymetric data - p. 275
Conclusion - p. 276
References - p. 278