How to choose pumps for wells. Well pump: which one is better to choose. Types of submersible pumps for wells

Basic principles and criteria for selecting a pump for various purposes.

How to choose a circulation pump

The circulation pump is the main element in heating systems with forced circulation and forces the coolant to move within the system, which is especially important for houses with more than one floor with an extensive pipe distribution system. The circulation pump helps the coolant overcome resistance in the pipe. The thicker the pipe, the lower the resistance and the lower the required pump power.

Circulation pumps create a certain pressure drop at the installation site. The pressure difference serves to overcome the sum of all hydraulic losses due to friction in pipelines, that is, due to it, the liquid is maintained in constant motion. To determine the actual pressure, the pressure drop is added to the static pressure. When choosing a circulation pump you need to know:

Operating conditions (coolant temperature, substance used as a coolant or its percentage in the solution, pipeline diameters).
Performance. For circulation pumps, performance can be calculated using the formulas below, in any case, and this is done based on the maximum load condition.
Pressure When selecting a pump, it is necessary to take into account the hydraulic losses that occur in the pipelines at the obtained circulation rate.

The parameters of the circulation pump are selected in such a way that within an hour three times the full volume of the system coolant is driven through it. The performance of a particular pump model is determined by the pressure-flow characteristic of the second rotation speed of the pump, with a pressure equal to the hydraulic resistance of the system. As a rule, due to the low circulation rate of the coolant, the value of hydraulic resistance for a private house does not lead to losses of more than 1-2 meters (0.1 - 0.2 atm). Therefore, if the calculation of hydraulic resistance is problematic, then the performance of a particular pump model is recommended to be determined at the midpoint of its pressure characteristic.

How to choose a surface pump

Surface pumps are installed outside the source and can usually lift water from a depth of up to 7-8 m. Surface pumps are in turn divided into self-priming, designed to draw water directly from the source, and so-called normal suction pumps, which are used to increase the pressure in an existing water supply Self-priming devices must be filled with water before starting; A special hole with a plug is provided for this purpose. When selecting a surface pump, the following parameters must be taken into account:

required performance
pressure
pressure loss
depth of the water surface

The surface pump produces maximum performance when lifting water from a depth of up to 9 m (from a river, lake, shallow well). In order to somehow compensate for the loss of power when operating at great depths, manufacturers began to equip pumps with ejectors that support water circulation.

How to choose a submersible pump

A submersible pump is very similar in appearance to a well pump, but is designed to lift water from a depth of no more than 10 m, and this already makes it similar to a surface pump. Given the identical technical characteristics of the two types of pumps, the question immediately arises: which is better to buy - surface or submersible? The choice depends on the depth of the reservoir. To operate a submersible pump, you need a depth of at least a meter, otherwise it will begin to suck in silt and sand from the bottom, which will quickly damage it. A surface pump can pump water from a depth of several centimeters. If you take water for drinking from a well, and for irrigation of your plot - from a river or lake, then the best option is a surface pump. You can move the pump itself, or rearrange the hose. You can't do that with a submersible pump. You need to disconnect the hose, pull the pump out of the well, then do everything in the reverse order. To extract water only from a well, a submersible pump is usually purchased. It hangs in the well, makes no noise, and is not visible. It is only important that the water level does not decrease, since running the pump dry will quickly lead to its failure.

How to choose a well pump

The pump is selected based on two main parameters: performance (flow rate) - how many liters per minute or cubic meters of water per hour the pump can pump, and pressure - to what height in meters the pump can deliver this water.

Consumption. For a normal comfortable existence, 1000 liters of water per person per day is usually enough (even if you take a bath twice). Therefore, it is easy to obtain the required amount: multiply the number of people permanently residing in this house by 1000 liters (1 m3) per day. For example, 3000 liters is enough for three people. An additional indicator is the maximum flow rate. It is determined by the possibility of simultaneous use of several points of water consumption. For example, if three people can simultaneously use: a shower (bathtub) - 8-10 liters per minute, a faucet in the kitchen - 6 liters per minute, a toilet - 6 liters per minute, then the maximum water flow will be 22 liters per minute. Our experience shows that for a family of 4-5 people it is quite enough if the maximum flow rate is 30 liters per minute (1800 l = 1.8 m3 per hour), and the total daily consumption is 3000 l = 3 m3 of water per day.

Separately, you need to consider the case of choosing a pump if you also use it to water the garden. Everything here is determined by the size of your farm and the weather. Usually 2000 liters per day is quite enough for this case.

Pressure To determine the minimum pressure characteristic of the pump required for you, take the height of your house in meters and add 6 meters. Then multiply this number by 1.15 (pipeline pressure loss factor). For example, your house has a height of 10 m, then the minimum required pressure characteristic of your pump is (10 + 6) x 1.15 = 18.4 m. If you have a well, then you need a pump with a head of 18.4 m, providing a flow rate of 1800 liters per hour (30 liters per minute) at this pressure. If you have a well, then you need to add the depth of the well to this pressure. More precisely, the distance from the surface of the earth to the water surface in the well. For example, if this distance is 30 meters, then for the water supply system in question you need a pump with a pressure of 30 + 18.4 = 48.4 meters and a flow rate at this pressure of 1800 liters per hour. If the source of water supply is remote from the house, then it must be taken into account that over 10 meters of horizontal pipeline length, approximately 1 meter of pump pressure is lost. In reality, it is more important to correctly determine the pressure characteristic, and it is quite enough to take the flow rate based on a value of 800 - 1000 liters per hour, since the simultaneous use of all points of water consumption is very rare, and in this case the maximum flow rate can be ensured using a hydraulic accumulator.

Water supply to a private home can be organized in different ways. If you have access to a central supply line, it is enough to connect your own pipeline to it and, if necessary, supplement the circuit with a circulation pump for stable delivery of water at the required pressure. But if this is not possible due to the remoteness of the main network, then the only way to fully supply water will be to install a well. The main functional component of this infrastructure will be a submersible pumping unit. How to choose a pump for a well? There are many parameters to consider, from performance to manufacturer. The best option is a pump that meets local operating conditions and meets water supply requirements.

Why submersible pumps?

The target segment of equipment designed for servicing wells and wells is represented by submersible models. This is a wide group of pumps, which is also segmented into individual types. But initially you should make sure that abandoning superficial models will actually be justified in a particular case. Therefore, the first question in choosing can be posed as follows: how to choose a pump for a well, based on its location? Surface models may well be used to pump water from a well by suction. Some models are installed near the water intake source, while others are installed on a float. Such a unit will justify itself in the case of a small well depth - about 8-10 m. This is the level of Abyssinian wells. Choosing a surface pump is advisable for two reasons. Firstly, such equipment will be located within direct accessibility for maintenance. And secondly, in this case there is completely no need to calculate the design for specific well parameters. The pumping station can be located next to a narrow water intake hole without sinking to the bottom.

In most cases, well water supply is based on submersible pumps, which, depending on the type, can operate at depths of up to 100 m, if we are talking about the domestic class. For artesian or filtration channels, only such pumps for water wells are used. How to choose the optimal model from this group? In this case, the emphasis is on the volume of water supply, the size of the well itself, and the installation depth.

Immersion depth as a basis for selection

Water supply to country houses is usually provided by equipment located at a depth of at least 20 m. Unlike surface models, which draw water at a shallow depth of up to 10 m, in this case the resource rises to the surface and is further distributed to points of consumption. The average working depth for submersible units can be called 30 m. Therefore, most often the question is how to choose a pump for a 30-meter well. In the documentation for the equipment, the lifting height must be appropriate - this is the point at which the pump will be located. However, it is important to consider that the lift will only be to the surface. That is, for further water supply, for example, to the second floor, an additional circulation unit or a station with a hydraulic accumulator will be required.

A level of 40 m is considered borderline. Models that lift water from deeper locations have increased power and are called deep. The maximum depth values for domestic use are at the level of 60-70 m. Up to 100 m, special units are used. In order not to be mistaken in compliance with the nominal lifting heights, it is worth taking into account the pressure that the deep-well pump has for the well. How to choose a model based on this parameter? To do this, the height of the so-called water column is calculated: the depth of the water is added to 30, and another 10% is added to the resulting figure. This formula is based on the fact that a rise of 1 m is provided by a pressure of 3 bar. For example, if the height is 30 m, then the pressure of the water column will have to reach at least 66 m.

How to choose a deep-well pump for a well?

By deep pumps, as already noted, we mean a group of units capable of operating at high altitudes from 40 m. Of course, such equipment can be used at levels of 15-20 m, but in this case there will be unnecessary energy consumption. A typical deep-well pump has compact dimensions and high power, but the selection of such a model based on its performance characteristics should be approached responsibly. The immersion height must be calculated with an accuracy of 1 m. It is at this distance that the unit is placed relative to the bottom of the well. For installation, it would be useful to provide a special circle with a diameter of 10-15 cm on which the equipment can be installed. By the way, the diameter of the structure should be calculated with an accuracy of 1 cm. How to choose a deep-well pump for a well based on the thickness of the casing? The average diameter of a well hole in private households is 20-40 cm. The pump should not be selected close to a specific value. It should leave 2-3 cm for free immersion. The optimal calculation can be made for the hole in which the pipe is provided. In essence, this is a vertical pipeline channel into the cavity of which a cylindrical pump can be easily lowered.

How to choose a well pump based on the well's passport?

After completion of the well drilling and technical arrangement, the user is issued a special passport. It specifies the parameters according to which pumping equipment should be selected. One of the primary characteristics of a well is the depth of the hole and the aquifer. This indicator has already been mentioned above - it provides the basis for choosing a unit based on the height of water rise. This also applies to the diameter of the well, according to which the thickness of the cylindrical pump structure is selected.

The passport also indicates the values of the water level and flow rate. The choice of level is determined by the distance from the surface to the immediate occurrence of the water surface when the pump is turned on. This is a statistical indicator, but the dynamic level should also be taken into account. How to choose a pump for a well based on the dynamic water level? To begin with, it is important to understand that this indicator determines the same distance from the surface of the well to the water surface, but only at the moment of pumping it out. It is this value that should be taken into account when choosing equipment by depth. Unlike the statistical level of water occurrence, the dynamic level gives an idea of the actual height of the rise during the process of pumping water. The difference between these levels can be several meters.

Selection of equipment by flow rate

The flow rate expresses the volume of water that is, in principle, available for pumping, taking into account the intensity of filling the well with water. How can this indicator be useful in the selection process? This necessitates the need for a “dry running” function in the pump. That is, the key performance indicator in this context will be productivity. How to choose a pump for a well based on performance and flow rates? The daily water consumption is taken into account, the indicator of which must correspond to the nominal value of the pump performance. But at the same time, it is important to add 15-20% to the volume pumped in 1 hour to eliminate the risk of overloading the equipment. Another nuance is also taken into account. If, at high power at a dynamic level, the unit empties the well faster than it fills, then the risk of breakdown will increase. Pumps operating without water often fail, but some models also provide automatic shutdown in this case.

Selecting a centrifugal pump

The basis of the centrifugal pump mechanism is formed by the combination of a central shaft and a group of blades connected to it. One or more pump wheels can be attached to this structure, providing operating torque. By creating centrifugal force with pressure differences, the equipment mechanism ensures pumping of water. The design is quite simple, but effective and beneficial when used in private areas with shallow wells of 20-30 m. How to choose a pump for a well of this type? First of all, the well passport is also studied, the data of which is compared with the characteristics of a specific model. In particular, you should start from the design of the unit, its ability to lift water in height, requirements for environmental conditions, etc.

What to consider when choosing a vibration unit?

These are relatively cheap models that have low maintenance requirements and at the same time provide high performance. That is, initially you should select a unit taking into account the high flow rate, otherwise the potential of the equipment will not be realized, but there will be a need to regularly turn off the pump. Engineers' warnings against using such equipment in well openings should also be taken into account.

The fact is that vibration models work by transmitting vibrations to adjacent structures. The structure closest to the pump will be the casing pipe into which it is immersed. Accordingly, vibrations during long-term operation can deform or destroy the pipe. In addition, vibration provokes the processes of sanding and silting, and this harms not only the pumping equipment, but also the well hole. How to choose the right pump for a vibration-type well in order to eliminate negative operating factors? From the point of view of operating parameters, the choice is made according to the same principles - taking into account productivity, lifting height, flow rate and other indicators. But it will still not be possible to completely eliminate the vibration effect. As practice shows, even providing casing pipes with damping materials is not capable of radically minimizing destructive processes. Therefore, preference should be given to this type of pump only for temporary use.

What else to consider when choosing?

Even if the choice of pump is carefully selected in accordance with the requirements of the technical data sheet of the well, there is no guarantee that it will properly perform its functions without the correct approach to the selection of accompanying equipment. This mainly concerns the pipes and cable holding the pump. As for pipes, today the optimal solution is plastic - in particular, polypropylene. This material is especially recommended in clay soil conditions, since the metal deforms and corrodes more quickly. It is advisable to choose a cable from thin stainless steel. But here another question arises - how to choose the right deep-well pump for a well that is prone to casing collapses? Accidents at private wells, unfortunately, are not uncommon. And in addition to direct performance qualities, attention should be paid to the quality of the equipment housing. It must be made of high strength steel. Plastic in this case is undesirable, since it is inferior to metal alloys in terms of strength.

The best manufacturers

Experts recommend products from Rucheek, TAIFU and Vodoley. The Rucheek company's line includes many household models of well pumps designed to lift water to 30-40 m. These are inexpensive but reliable equipment that also demonstrates high performance. TAIFU and in particular modifications STM12 and 4STM2 will be the optimal solution specifically for unfavorable operating conditions. They have average performance indicators, but for home use this equipment will justify itself both in use for irrigation and for domestic water supply. If the question is how to choose a submersible pump for a well, taking into account a large number of consumers, then you should give preference to the Aquarius brand. Standard models from this manufacturer are capable of serving about 5-6 points with a productivity of 1.8 m 3 /h.

Conclusion

Providing a home with an autonomous water supply system is a responsible task that should be solved taking into account many factors. The main direction in the choice should be the well parameters itself. Technical indicators, coupled with requirements for water delivery volumes, will determine the basic set of characteristics of the target model of a submersible pump for a well. Which unit to choose from the point of view of functionality and the presence of protective functions is also an important question. To begin with, you should provide a full set of electrical protective devices that may be included with the equipment. This applies to grounding and automatic shutdown means. Next, you can move on to issues of ergonomics and pump control. The optimal solution may be to interface with a relay, which will also allow you to program the operation of the equipment depending on the filling level of the well and current water consumption requirements. Having this ability to control the unit minimizes energy costs and increases the service life of the equipment.

In the absence of a centralized water supply, the only solution for water supply to a country house is to make your own source, for example, a well or borehole. To lift water from the aquifer, the water supply system must be equipped with pumping equipment. The modern market offers a large selection of pumps for wells. The productivity of the entire system depends on how correctly the pump for the well is selected.

Surface pumps

A surface pump for a well, unlike a submersible one, is installed near the source in a caisson, in a private house or other shelter on the surface. The choice of location will depend on the distance of the source to the water intake. In households, surface pumps for water wells are often used for other purposes, for example, watering the garden, pumping water that will be used for irrigation later, etc.

Surface well pumps come in many different forms. Compared to submersible models, they have much less power and productivity. This pumping equipment for wells is capable of lifting water from a depth of no more than 10 meters.

Varieties

Based on the principle of operation, water pumps for surface wells are divided into several types. They differ in performance characteristics, design mechanisms, and functioning. The selection of a well pump is made from the following options:

Centrifugal pumps.
Screw.
Vortex.

Centrifugal pumps for wells are most often used in everyday life. This is explained by the peculiarity of its technical characteristics. The vortex pump model is very similar to the centrifugal pump in its operating principle. The difference is that the vortex device has an element that creates vortices. As for screw pumps for a well, this is the most primitive option. At the same time, such a unit is able to cope with dirty water.

Good to know! If you have a low-yield well, then the ideal solution for the source would be a model of a surface self-priming screw pump. At the same time, the water pumping speed is relatively low.

The choice of a surface pump should be based on several important criteria:

Device performance. Before purchasing, you need to determine the purpose of using the water pump; whether it will water only the garden or you need to power a residential building. In the latter case, it is necessary to make a calculation based on the number of people living. For one person per day, a gap of 500 liters is made.
The depth of the well from which water will be sucked. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the specified parameters, that is, if the well depth is 5 meters, then the main line to the water intake point should be around 20 meters (proportion ¼).
Water pressure. The reference point must be kept at the most separated water intake point.

Important! All these parameters are specified in the technical specifications data sheet.

For example: if in your case the well has a depth of 10 meters, and it is located at a distance of 12 meters from the building, then you need to look for pump models with a capacity of 50 liters, and a lifting height of at least 12 m.

Hand pumps

In some cases, you can install a hand pump for your home. This is especially effective if the flow of water is not needed on a constant basis. It is distinguished by the simplicity of its design. Many home craftsmen make such a unit with their own hands.

The process of raising water is carried out by applying physical force to the lever. An important advantage of a manual water pump is complete autonomy. It is independent of electricity. On the other hand, this type of surface pump will not help in raising water at sub-zero temperatures.

Advantages of surface models of well pumps:

Easy installation.
There are no difficulties in servicing the equipment.
With additional equipment you can create good pressure.
Relatively low prices. To purchase, it is better to contact the manufacturer. So, you will save even more.
The surface pump performs well under conditions of minimal debit.

High noise level during operation.
High sensitivity to pollution. This leads to its breakdown.
Water intake is only possible from a shallow depth.

Submersible pumps

Submersible electric pumps for wells have distinctive features of their design. Thus, a submersible well pump in its housing simultaneously has a motor and a working chamber. As its name suggests, the device is completely submersible in water.

Types of pumps for wells:

Screw pump for well.
Vibrating.
Centrifugal.

To install a submersible pump in a well, a cable is attached to its body. The housing itself does not allow water to pass through. All important components are protected from water ingress.

A submersible well pump most often has a strainer as standard. As a result, the penetration of large inclusions into the working cylinder is prevented.

Submersible pumps for wells have the following positive aspects:

Surface models have a high noise level, submersible models do not have this drawback.
Such equipment is not afraid of freezing and temperature fluctuations, since a stable temperature is maintained at the bottom of the well.
Cooling is carried out during the operation of the well. The passing liquid serves as a means of cooling.
The positive characteristics of submersible pumps for wells allow you to lift water from great depths.

Before choosing a submersible pump for a well, it is recommended to pay attention to the negative aspects:

There are some nuances during installation. Therefore, the help of a specialist in this profile is often necessary.
The need to route electrical power inside the source. This often requires a large meter of high quality wire.

So, we propose to take a closer look at the main types of submersible pumps for wells.

Vibrating

A vibration pump for a well pumps water due to the difference in pressure that is created in the discharge compartment. Inside the chamber there is a piston with a rubber diaphragm that has a reciprocating motion. There are two types of vibration pumps for wells:

Top positioned.
With a lower location.

If you plan to use it continuously, it is better to choose a pump for your home with an overhead water intake. The reason is that they do not suck up dirt, silt and other deposits from the bottom as much. Thanks to this, the pump will operate longer without breakdowns.

This unit has some disadvantages that are important to consider when choosing a well pump:

Dry running is not allowed. The electromagnetic coil can quickly fail.
Due to the vibrations created, the threaded connections become loose, breaking the seal. Therefore, it is recommended to use only self-locking nuts.
Due to vibrations during water intake, the pump may suck in small sand particles. Because of this, productivity is significantly reduced.
The device does not like current surges. When using it, it is recommended to use a voltage stabilizer, since a 15% drop in current reduces performance by exactly half.

Centrifugal

The principle of its operation comes down to the effect of centrifugal force, which is formed due to the movement of the impeller. At the moment of its movement, a rarefied pressure zone is created inside the structure. As a result, water is drawn into the suction pipe. Once in the impeller area, it is thrown to the edge of the cylindrical chamber, from where the liquid is directed to the outlet pipe.

In appearance, a centrifugal pump for a well resembles a cylinder. There are several types of them: surface, semi-submersible and submersible. The submersible pump is completely immersed in the well. During operation, it must always be in water. Before choosing a centrifugal pump for a well, the water surface must be measured. It must be deeper than 20 meters.

Before choosing a pump for a well, we pay special attention to its positive aspects:

The well water pump has a direct connection to the engine. Due to this, it has compact dimensions and minimal weight. This is very important when the bore diameter is minimal and a centrifugal pump will be the best pump for the well.
Relatively simple installation in a well. Even a non-specialist can handle this.
The unit is economical, durable, reliable and easy to operate.
During its operation, hydraulic shocks are completely eliminated. Liquid flows through the system smoothly and without stopping.
You can choose a pump for a well that will not be sensitive to sand, silt and other deposits during the process of pumping water.

When deciding which pump to choose for a well, be sure to pay attention to which brand of device to choose. The manufacturer must have a positive reputation.

Screw

A screw or screw well pump also falls into the category of submersible models. The main working element in its design is the “Archimedes screw”. Progressive well pumps have a long screw that applies pressure to raise the water. Its important feature is that it works directly in water and is also capable of pumping contaminated liquid.

It is used when constructing a sand well, the depth should not exceed 25 meters with a low flow rate. As for the power of the pump, it is capable of lifting up to 1.5 thousand liters of water to the surface per hour. And its pressure will be 40–60 m. The working medium of the pumped liquid should be in the range from +5 to +40°C. For domestic conditions, this is the amount of water that this unit can pump is quite enough.

Below are the advantages and disadvantages of screw models that will help you make the right choice when completing an individual water supply system.

Advantages:

Easy to operate and maintain.
It is important to keep in mind that the device is silent.
High performance.
Compact sizes. The body cylinder does not exceed 150 mm in diameter.

Flaws:

High price.
Selection parameters are limited to a fixed working volume.
Unable to run idle.

Deep well pumps

The choice of a deep-well pump is relevant in conditions where the well has a depth of 25 to 200 meters. As a rule, these are artesian wells that can reach a depth of up to 500 meters. As a result, a deep well pump must have excellent technical characteristics, the performance of which will differ from pumps intended for shallow depths. So, their pressure should be from 200 m.

The device of a deep well pump in all cases has a centrifugal operating principle. To increase the pressure and create a head of 20 atmospheres (200 m), a second pump is attached to the outlet of the first pump with an inlet. This principle of installing a deep-well pump in a well is called stages. One stage is capable of delivering 2 atm. Therefore, by connecting 10 steps, 20 Atm is formed. This will allow water to be delivered to the height at which the deep unit is immersed.

Important! This type of equipment can be considered one of the most reliable. Without any maintenance, it can last more than 10 years. But provided that it has wear-resistant parts and the body is made of stainless steel.

Deep well pumps according to technical characteristics are selected based on:

source depth;
the water supply power that the pump is capable of delivering;
pressure;

source flow rate;

price.

Below are the advantages and disadvantages of these devices:

Positive sides:

High efficiency and productivity.
The dimensions of the device are compact, so it is not necessary to make a large-diameter well.
Thanks to step technology, you can regulate the pressure of the water flow.
Easy installation.
For 10 years or more it does not require maintenance.
Reliability of the design.

Negative sides:

If the case is monolithic, then it will be impossible to repair the device.
It is unacceptable to pump contaminated liquid.

Which pump is best for a well?

So, which pump is best to choose? Let's look at tips on how to choose the right pump for a well: surface or submersible. Here it is necessary to start from the features of the water supply and water supply, for example, what is the distance from the source to the water intake points, what is the depth from the ground surface to the water surface. If the mirror is no more than 8 m, a surface pump is sufficient. If we are talking about greater depth or an artesian well, a deep pump is needed. If you have a shallow well, then the wells need a pumping station; it falls into the category of surface models.

Advice! Regardless of whether the water surface is lower or higher, the pump must have a certain power reserve. He should not work to the limit of his capabilities. For example, if the source has a depth of 30 m, then take a unit for a depth of 40 m.

If you need to organize irrigation with a watering pump, then a very powerful unit is not needed. It is also taken into account what type of water supply will be used, for example, some plastic pipes are unable to cope with high pressure. As you can see, in each individual case an individual approach is required, because the length of the resistance section is always taken into account. And if you are carrying out the drilling process, then it is absolutely necessary to select a mud pump that can pump out contaminated water and the resulting sludge.

Top 10 pumps for wells

We offer a list of the most popular models of well pumps of various types.

Surface pumping stations

Gilex Jumbo 70/50 Ch-24

The leader among budget models of pumping stations. Has a price compared to others, the most affordable. The package includes a 24 liter hydraulic accumulator. Ideal for 4 water intake points in a small private house.

Working depth up to 9 m.
Cast iron body.
High build quality.
The pressure is adjusted in steps.

Very noisy when working.
There is no automatic dry running.

GrundfosHydrojetJPB 5/24

A well-known brand with high build quality. This ensures a long service life. This pumping station can be expanded to increase pressure and delivery power.

The perfect balance between quality and price.
All mechanisms are reliable.
Availability of built-in ejector.
Very easy to set up and maintain.

Significant noise during operation.

Vibrating

Rucheek-1

This is a representative of a Belarusian manufacturer. It must not be used to pump contaminated water. Its installation is carried out suspended on a cable or rope. The model has excellent technical characteristics, which ensures a long service life. It is easy to make repairs and, if necessary, replace rubber elements. There is no need to constantly monitor it during operation.

This well vibration pump is different:

Compact sizes:
Power 300 W.
Productivity from 400 to 1.5 l/h.
Weight up to 5 kg.
Head up to 60 m.

Quattro Elementi

This is an Italian manufacturer of vibration pump. More expensive models have a powerful pump. Its design includes a thermostat that prevents overheating. This unit is used exclusively for drinking water. Has the following technical characteristics:

Power from 180 to 280 W.
Weight up to 5 kg.
Head up to 80 m.
Capacity 960–1100 l/h.

Centrifugal

Grundfos sq 2 55

The body is made of durable stainless steel. The impeller is made of polyamide. There is no need to use special technologies to connect. Anyone can do the job. During operation it does not require regular maintenance. Suitable for sources with a minimum diameter of 76 mm.

Peculiarities:

Maintains stable pressure at different water flow rates.
It has high efficiency.
Water hammer is excluded, as there is a soft start system.
There is protection against current surges.
Dry running protection.

Gilex water cannon prof 55 75 house

This is a representative of a domestic manufacturer, which is developed on the basis of the Vodomet pump. The productivity of the device ranges from 2200 to 6600 liters per hour. The ability to create a pressure from 40 to 125 m. It is considered an expensive model, the price of which is around 25 thousand rubles.

So, to summarize, when choosing any type of pump for a well, you need to start from the following details:

Daily estimated water consumption.
Well depth.
How quickly the source replenishes with water.
Casing size.
Pressure
Source quality.
Unit price.

Conclusion

Today, there are several types of well sediments that can be used for individual water supply. We hope that this material will lead you to the right conclusions and you will make the right choice.

After drilling a well and installing all the associated equipment, it is time to install and connect the most important element of the water supply, namely the well pump. However, before purchasing it, you need to study the main characteristics of the well in order to select the necessary parameters of the pumping unit with maximum accuracy.

This, one might say, is the most critical stage of well development. After all, the performance and durability of the water supply system, the safety of its use, as well as the quality composition of drinking water largely depend on how competently the pump for the well is selected and its installation.

Well pump

This article will offer instructions describing the main parameters of well pumps, which will help you make the right decision in favor of one unit or another.

In addition, the reader will be presented with the main selection criteria that should be paid attention to when purchasing it, as well as a brief guide on how to choose the right pump for a well with certain technical characteristics.

Surface pumps

There are two types of pumping units for pumping water from underground wells: surface and submersible. As the name already implies, surface pumps are installed on the surface of the earth in close proximity to the wellhead.

They are cheaper, easier to install and maintain, but have some operating features that significantly limit their convenience and scope of application:

A special room is required for their installation.
High noise level during operation.
The need for forced engine cooling.
Before starting, filling with working fluid is required.
Maximum distance from the height of the working element to the dynamic water level in the well
can be no more than 7-8 meters.

It is advisable to use such pumps for seasonal use in underground sources without a caisson at a high dynamic level of liquid, as well as for the extraction of process water in the upper layers of groundwater.

Submersible pumps

The most widely used devices for pumping water from a well are submersible devices, which are installed in the wellbore below the dynamic liquid level directly in the water column. They are considered the most versatile and have good performance.

The advantages of submersible pumps include their following characteristics:

High reliability and durability.
Ability to work in any climatic conditions regardless of the time of year.
High performance and liquid pressure levels.
There is no need to fill the working fluid before starting.
No forced cooling is required during operation.
Quick start-up, low inertia and silent operation make them an ideal option for working in tandem with an automated water supply system for a private home or household plot.

Among the disadvantages of submersible pumps, the most noticeable are their fairly high price and a more complex process of installation, maintenance and repair.

Taking into account all the pros and cons of units of this type, their use is a priority for the extraction of water from underground sources, so in the future we will talk specifically about submersible pumps.

Water consumption

One of the most important indicators of any pump is water flow, or in other words, its performance. This value is characterized by the volume of pumped liquid per unit of time, for example 6 cubic meters per hour or 0.5 cubic meters per minute.

To know how to select a well pump based on this criterion, you need to find out the flow rate of the well. Flow rate refers to its ability to supply water for pumping at a certain speed without significantly reducing the dynamic level.

Usually the flow rate is indicated in the technical passport of the well, which is issued by the drilling company, however, the exact value of the flow rate for each specific well is very difficult to determine, since this value is not constant and can change over time depending on various conditions.

It should only be said that the recommended pump performance should be 10-20% less than the well flow rate. This will allow the most efficient use of the aquifer and at the same time avoid draining the well and running the pump in dry running mode.

Advice! The most optimal flow rate of the well is achieved if the following conditions are met: during pumping out water for one hour, the difference between the static and dynamic levels should be no more than 1 meter.

Head height

Another important parameter that affects the selection of a well pump is the maximum relative height to which it is capable of lifting the working fluid. The required pressure head mainly depends on the depth of the well and the level above ground of the highest point of water consumption in the building.

In order to accurately calculate the required pressure height, you need to add up the depth of the pump relative to the ground level and the maximum height of the water consumers. In addition, to ensure normal operating pressure in the water supply system, it is necessary to add another 30 meters to the obtained value, which corresponds to a pressure of 3 Bar.

Note! As an example, consider a well 40 meters deep, located next to a two-story house 6 meters high. To determine the pressure height, it is necessary to add the length of the pressure pipe (40 m) with the height of the second floor of the house (6 m) and add the height necessary to achieve the operating pressure of the system (30 m). Thus, the optimal pump head height will be ~ 80 m.

Casing diameter

To select the correct pump size, you must know the inside diameter of the casing pipes. The bulk of submersible units are available in two sizes depending on their outer diameter of 3 inches or 4 inches. In millimeters, these are ~75 and ~100 mm, respectively.

When drilling a well, keep in mind that a wider range of products are available in 4-inch sizes, so it is better to use casing pipes with an internal diameter of at least 110 mm.

Submersible units with a diameter of 3 inches, in addition to being less common and in a smaller range, also have a higher cost compared to 4 inches. Therefore, when installing a submersible pump in a well with your own hands, it is recommended to give preference to models with a casing diameter of 4 inches.

Note! When choosing a unit for domestic water supply in a residential building, taking into account the average daily water consumption for a family of 4 people, its productivity should be 3-4 m³/hour.

How to choose the right pump for an autonomous water supply system, what parameters need to be taken into account and what points need to be paid attention to? We will tell you about this in this article.

First of all, when selecting a pump, you must follow the recommendations that are in the passport for your well (flow rate, loading depth, internal diameter of pipes). To begin with, we select the pump according to the internal diameter of the well casing pipes. We will not dwell on this in detail, because this is discussed in our article on casing pipes.
I want to remind you only one thing: do not install the pump with minimal gaps between the pump and the walls of the casing pipes; the larger the gaps, the greater the guarantee that when replacing the pump you will be able to lift it.

Capacity and pressure of a centrifugal pump

The pump must match the flow rate of your well. This is the performance of the pump from the depth of the meters to which it is loaded (see the passport for the pump). Productivity should not be greater than the well's flow rate. For example, if the well flow rate is 3 cubic meters. meters per hour, then the pump capacity should be no more than 2.5 - 2.8 cubic meters. meters per hour. Otherwise, the pump will snatch water and run dry. If there is dry-running protection, it will constantly work, turning off the pump, one way or another the entire system will not work.
The pump must be correctly selected for the pressure, i.e. the pump must maintain the required pressure in your water supply system. What you need to pay attention to when selecting this parameter. There are formulas that can be used to make calculations, we will tell you how to do this easier and faster. So, the water supply system works well at a pressure in the range of 2-3.5 atmospheres. This means that the pump needs to stably and easily maintain this pressure. We know that a column of water of 10 meters gives a pressure of one atmosphere. For example, a pump load of 30 meters is equal to a pressure of 3 atmospheres to lift water, the height from ground level to the highest consumer (second floor bathroom) of 5 meters is equal to 0.5 atmospheres. We will also add 3.5 atmospheres in the water supply system and make calculations. 3 atmospheres to rise + 0.5 atmospheres height from ground level + 3.5 atmospheres pressure in the system = 7 atmospheres. Losses when supplying water horizontally are approximately equal to 1 atmosphere per 100 meters. It is unlikely that anyone drills a well further than 10-15 meters from the house. Therefore, we will not take into account these losses, as well as the resistance in the pipes depending on the materials from which they are made, etc.

Now, in order for the pump to operate with a power reserve and easily reach the maximum pressure value in the system, and also smooth out all the errors that we did not take into account, such as horizontal distance, low voltage, etc., we will add 2 atmospheres. In total we get 9 atmospheres. And since one atmosphere is a column of water 10 meters long, then 10 meters x 9 atmospheres = 90 meters. This means that for a well with a pump load of 30 meters, we need a pump with a water rise of at least 90 meters.

Now let’s determine which pump we need to supply water. Considering that the pump has a capacity of 3 cubic meters. meters per hour ensures operation with a stable pressure of 5-6 simultaneously open water consumers. We do the calculations like this. For example, a washing machine, dishwasher, shower, etc. are working. If this is not enough for you, then we take a pump with a higher capacity, if the well flow rate allows. If the well’s flow rate does not allow it, then it is necessary to smooth out peak consumption by increasing the volume of the hydraulic tank. The pump performance can always be found in their data sheet.

Installation of a submersible pump in a well

I would like to warn you against incorrect actions when loading the pump into the well. Sometimes in some articles that I came across on the Internet, they recommend lowering the pump to the bottom (to the bottom of the well) and then raising it and this will be the place where the pump will be installed. This is the most ignorant action that can be performed during the installation of a pump. Those who recommend this are people most likely far from these topics. What is permissible to do in a well cannot be done in a well. The designs of all wells are different. By doing this you risk getting the pump stuck and causing the well to fail. Even if you manage to repair it by contacting a drilling organization, it will be a big hassle and financial expense. We strongly advise you to follow the pump loading depth recommendations for your well.

At the end of our article, I would like to say about those who select a pump only for irrigation, i.e. will use it as a summer water supply option. Since the pump does not need to maintain constant pressure in the water supply system, we leave meters for rise, for example: 30 meters + 20 meters for stable operation. This means the pump, which is needed for irrigation with a load of 30 meters, must be with a water rise of 50 meters and above.