Robotization of business processes (RPA) is one of the main technological trends of this year. Software robots have actively taken up the office routine: they copy and enter data into information systems, answer letters and update the client base. Deloitte predicts that the number of projects in this area will increase by 70% in the next two years. But are ordinary employees so happy with their new “colleagues”? Alas, not everyone likes robots yet: according to the same Deloitte, there are no more than half of such enthusiasts among managers, and even fewer IT specialists - only 31%. At the same time, without the support of people, such projects are doomed to failure. Why people do not trust robots and how to change it?
What are employees afraid of?
Until quite recently, robots only moved boxes in a warehouse or assembled cars at a factory, that is, they worked “by hand”, but today they already help companies arrange loans and insurance policies, respond to customer requests and take orders. According to E&Y, in the next few years, robots will take over from 30 to 70% of office tasks in various business processes. And not all employees are pleased that their work, albeit boring, will be done by someone else, and even more so if he does something better, faster, and even does not ask for an increase in salary.
The skepticism of IT specialists is understandable: in this moment RPA solves only the simplest tasks, which can be replaced with deeper integration if desired. information systems Or outsource this work. But the fears of managers are more irrational. So, in June, BCG analysts interviewed 7 thousand employees of companies in Canada, China, France, Germany, Spain, the UK and the USA. 82% of respondents are afraid that with the use of intellectual technologies, control over them will increase, and 76% fear that they will lose their jobs. These fears are especially strong in the US: 70% of citizens believe that robots will take their place, especially among millennials. This phobia is so strong that, according to American researchers, the fear of automation worsens people's physical and mental health.
There are probably reasons for this attitude. This is also a negative experience: many of these people began to work actively after the 2008 global crisis, when companies were downsizing, and IT solutions were used mainly to optimize personnel costs. This is the unwillingness to change: after all, instead of a simple and understandable chain of actions, you will have to do something more complex. Somewhere and inexperience: older people have already gone through several technological revolutions that did not lead to mass unemployment, but only changed business processes. Moreover, it is worth disassembling and refuting the most common phobias.
"Everything will be different"
Projects with the introduction of software robots show which links in the chain of actions are superfluous, who in the company delays the completion of the task, and how everything can be done easier and better. This is due to the fact that RPA operates according to a well-defined algorithm. If something does not fit into it, then the process is either too complicated, or there are extra steps in it. But it's hard for people to adjust. For them, a robot is a new invisible employee who needs to be brought up to date, explained how and what is happening. And many people just want to leave everything as it was before. Such a desire, although it hinders progress, is quite natural.
What to do? It is worthwhile to conduct a thorough diagnosis of the processes. What does the sequence of actions look like in a task that you want to entrust to robots? Which of the stages are repeated in 99% of cases, and which ones often change and constantly require the adoption of complex, ad hoc decisions? Show employees what the process will look like after the project is completed. Conduct preliminary testing, look at the process from the side of all participants. Let them make their comments and influence the final result.
So that employees do not have to redo work for a robot, think about the pitfalls in advance. For example, RPA solutions do not automatically read content and determine the type of documents. The robot does not care what is in front of it: an invoice, a contract or a letter from a client. To work with such data, intelligent information processing technologies will be needed. Such solutions recognize the document by form and content, analyze it for meaning and extract the necessary information. In the contract, for example, the name and address legal entity, contract amount and full name CEO, and in addition, the subject of delivery, payment terms, fines and a whole host of necessary information that people read in their work with him. In the account, these are BIC, KPP and other long details. In conjunction with such technologies, robots become an order of magnitude smarter: they themselves will be able to collect different information depending on the task and send it to the company's accounting systems, if necessary, after showing it to a person. And if not, immediately. Then the gain in time and energy savings is maximum.
"And what will I do?"
RPA performs part of the tasks for the employee, but this does not mean that he will have nothing to do in the company. Invest more in training, improve the professional skills of employees, develop their creative abilities.
In addition, it is worth explaining to colleagues that RPA automates only part of the tasks, and does not perform all the tasks for them entirely. Let me give you an example: the manager processes the data of a legal entity to open an account. In the standard procedure, he receives a package of ten documents, or even more, copies the data from them, checks that the same and correct information is indicated everywhere, makes several requests to industry databases, and then opens an account. RPA, combined with intelligent information processing technologies, will automatically extract and collect all this data. The employee will have to analyze the information and make a decision. This means that he will be able to open more accounts, and not work less. And the bonus for increasing sales will not have to be shared with the robot.
Similarly, customer support, in which an intelligent system distributes messages by topic of the request, has time to answer most questions, and therefore works more efficiently without increasing the load. Such a project, for example, was implemented at Tochka Bank using ABBYY technologies. Artificial intelligence automatically distributes requests by topic, more than 6 thousand per day. This automation helps answer questions at least 15% faster.
"We're all fired"
A story about how software robots work in other companies will help get rid of this fear. For example, at Amazon, robots calculate how many books, video games, and Hawaiian shirts need to be ordered in order to have enough for all potential buyers. Retail chains Pyaterochka and Perekrestok automated processing using the RPA system accounting documents, and in Alfa-Bank, robots will soon work in several dozen processes. Already, they are processing payments, parsing emails, making changes to client data and editing loan agreements.
Explain to colleagues that RPA is an IT solution that, like others, is designed to help them, and not to enslave humanity and take labor away from it. Robots cannot think and cannot make complex decisions on their own. A small step away from the given algorithm - and the process needs to be finalized, rebuilt. And here you can’t do without the help of people, and not only IT specialists, but also professionals who understand their business process better than any robot.
"The robot is broken, and answer me"
Only marketing myths will tell you that RPA does not require human intervention. Like any software or technology, it requires technical and organizational support. Consider who employees can contact if a problem arises, who will perform actions for the robot while bugs are fixed or an update is installed.
Most of the fears of mankind throughout history, including those of technology, are a simple consequence of a lack of information: we are afraid of what we do not know and do not understand, and this is natural. The advent of the wheel did not make us less busy, but it gave us the opportunity to do what was previously beyond our control both technologically and due to a simple lack of time. After all, when it comes to survival, it’s not up to trips around the district and moving goods. So software robots are now taking away from us the work that once required the participation of people. But now this large layer of office tasks is so studied and regulated that we, the people, can go further and set ourselves new complex tasks. And when we deal with them and get comfortable, we will again transfer them to machines.
In the next 40 years, robots will take over your jobs.
It doesn't matter who you work for. Digging trenches? The robot will dig them better. Do you write articles for a magazine? The robot will write better than you. If you're a doctor, IBM's Watson will no longer help you find the right diagnosis in its database of millions of case reports and journal articles. He will simply heal better than you.
Are you the CEO of a company? I'm sorry, but robots will run companies better than you. Creative people? Robots will draw, write and sculpt better than you. Think your social skills are beyond the reach of robots? Very accessible. Within 20 years, about half of you will lose your job. In a couple of decades, the same fate awaits most of the rest.
In a way, it sounds great. Let the robots work! No more dragging yourself out of bed at 6 a.m. or spending all day on your feet. We can safely read, write poetry, play video games, and generally do anything. And in a century, most likely, it will be so. Humanity will enter a golden age.
But what will happen in 20 years? Or 30? Many will have lost their jobs by then. Trust me, it won't feel like a golden age. Until we figure out how to fairly distribute the fruits of the labor of robots, we are in for an era of mass unemployment and poverty. Unemployment among the working class played a big role in the 2016 US election.
If we don't want to see demagogues succeed each other in power because machines take away people's livelihoods, this must be stopped as soon as possible. Along with global warming, a future without work is the main problem facing progressive politicians, not to mention humanity as a whole. But now this problem hardly comes into our field of vision.
That's boring, right? Fortunately, articles on a complex or highly specialized topic traditionally begin with some funny or unusual incident. This helps the reader to slowly immerse themselves in the frighteningly complex material. I will also tell you about one such case.
Last Christmas I was at my mother's house. There I mentioned that I recently read about Google Translate. It turned out that a few weeks earlier, without informing anyone, Google switched to a new machine learning algorithm. The quality of translations has skyrocketed. I myself noticed improvements, but wrote them off as the usual progressive progress. I did not understand that this happened due to a jump in the work of algorithms.
But if Google's translation algorithm got better, does that mean voice recognition got better too? And the ability to answer questions? How would we check this? We decided to unpack the presents instead of thinking about it.
Then, it is not clear how we switched to the topic of erasers. Which erasers are best? Light? Black? Traditional pinks? Come to think of it, why are they usually pink at all? "Ask Google!" - I said. Then he took out his phone and asked the question: “Why are the erasers pink?” After half a second, Google answered me.
Artist Roberto Parada
Not impressed? And they should be. We all know that phones are good at voice recognition. And we know they can find a nearby cafe or a popular chicken in wine recipe. But what about a completely random question? And not an easy "who", "where" or "when"?
I asked why, and it wasn't about, for example, why singer Pink uses erasers. Google should realize that I said "pink", that I'm interested in the historical reasons for the color of rubber bands, not their condition or shape. And he did. Less than a second. With a cheap microprocessor and a slow internet connection.
In case you're wondering, Google got the answer from Design*Sponge: "Eberhard Faber started making erasers... Erasers were made with pumice, a volcanic ash from Italy, which gave them their abrasive properties, as well as their characteristic color and smell."
Still not impressed? Back when Watson won a round of the Jeopardy game show against two of the best players of all time, he would have needed a bedroom-sized computer to answer that question. This was only seven years ago.
What do pink erasers have to do with the fact that we will all be out of work in a couple of decades? I'm telling. Last October, trucking service Otto (a subsidiary of Uber) ran two thousand boxes of Budweiser 120 miles from Fort Collins, Colorado, to Colorado Springs - without a driver behind the wheel.
Within a few years, this technology will go from prototype to implementation, which means that millions of truck drivers will be out of work.
Automated freight transport does not rely on newfangled machines the way the industrial revolution of the 19th century relied on the mechanical loom and steam shovel. Like Google's ability to recognize speech and answer questions, self-driving trucks, as well as cars, buses and ships, rely on programs that replicate human intelligence.
By now, everyone has heard the predictions that self-driving cars could lead to the loss of 5 million jobs. But few realize that once AI algorithms are ready for driving, they will be ready for a lot more. Not millions of people will lose their jobs - tens of millions.
That's what we mean when we say "robots". We're talking about cognitive abilities, not creatures that are made of metal and powered by electricity, not chicken nuggets.
In other words, we need to look not at advances in robotics, but at the speed with which we rush towards artificial intelligence. While we haven't come close to AI at the level of human intelligence yet, the progress of the last couple of decades is astounding.
For many years, technology stood still, and suddenly robots play chess better than grandmasters. They play Jeopardy better than the record holders. They can drive cars around San Francisco and get into it. better year from a year.
They are so good at recognizing faces that Welsh Police recently made the UK's first arrest using facial recognition software. After several years of slow progress in speech recognition, Google announced that it had reduced its recognition error rate from 8.5% to 4.9% in ten months.
All of this suggests that AI is advancing exponentially through improvements in both computer hardware and algorithms. According to Moore's law, the power and performance of processors doubles every two years. Recent algorithm improvements have been even more rapid. For a long time, these changes seemed insignificant.
The transition from the intelligence of a bacterium to the intelligence of a nematode is technically a huge leap, but in practice it does not bring us any closer to true artificial intelligence. However, if the doubling continues, one of the doubling cycles will lead to a transition from the intelligence of a lizard to the intelligence of a mouse, and then to the intelligence of a monkey. Once this happens, there will be a small step to human-level AI.
It's hard for some to imagine, so here's a graph that shows the exponential doubling curve in petaflops (quadrillions of calculations per second). During the first 70 years of the digital age, computer power doubled every couple of years, leading to accounting software, airline reservation systems, weather forecasts, Spotify, and so on.
Exponential computing curve (in petaflops): you are here; one tenth of the human brain; full-fledged AI
But on the scale of the human brain, which is estimated at 10 to 50 petaflops, this increase is so tiny that no change is visible. By 2025, we will finally begin to see visible progress towards artificial intelligence.
In ten years, we will reach about a tenth of the power of the human brain, and in another ten years we will have full-fledged human-level AI. It will seem to us that this happened overnight, but in reality it is the result of hundreds of years of constant, but imperceptible progress.
Have we really come this close to creating real AI? Think about this. Despite all this “doubling down”, until recently, IT professionals believed that only decades later a machine would be able to win the ancient game of Go, considered the most difficult human game in existence.
But last year, the computer beat the Korean grandmaster, considered one of the best players, and this year, the world's top Go player. The progress of artificial intelligence is not only not slowing down - it is ahead of the wildest dreams of dedicated AI fans.
Unfortunately for those worried about the prospect of being out of a job because of robots, these changes mean mass unemployment is much closer than we feared. Perhaps it has already begun. But you don't learn about it from politicians who pass over the issue in silence.
We are on the threshold of the AI revolution. Many of those who work in IT - people like Bill Gates and Elon Musk - beat anxiety is not the first year. But they are ignored by politicians and, until recently, often ridiculed by technology and economics writers. Let's take a look at some of the more popular AI naysayers' arguments.
“We will never get real AI because computing power will not double forever. We will reach the limits of physics long before that."
There are several good reasons not to consider these statements. For starters, experts will invent faster, specialized microprocessors. Google, for example, announced the creation of a "tensor processor" last spring. This microprocessor is up to 30 times faster and up to 80 times more power efficient for machine learning tasks than an Intel processor.
"Tensor processors" are now available to researchers using Google cloud services. Other processors, tailored to the tasks of certain aspects of AI (image recognition, neural networks, word processing, and so on), either already exist or will soon appear.
These technologies are increasingly mimicking the way the human brain works. The brain does not have a super-powerful computing device. It consists of about 100 billion neurons, which simultaneously support the mental work of a person and his consciousness.
At the lower level, neurons operate in parallel, creating small clusters that perform semi-autonomous actions, such as responding to a certain external stimulus. At the next level, dozens of these clusters work together in each of about 100 sub-divisions of the brain—individual centers that specialize in specific functions, such as language, visual processing, and balance.
Finally, all these subordinate parts of the brain also work in parallel. The result of this work, the general state, is monitored and controlled by higher brain functions that allow us to perceive the world and give a sense of conscious control of our actions.
AI takes over
Oxford and Yale researchers asked 352 AI experts when machines will outperform humans at certain tasks. Here's what the experts said.
AI can do better than humans:
- 2022 - fold the laundry.
- 2024 - to make a translation from a foreign language.
- 2026 - Write an essay for a high school student.
- 2027 - drive a truck.
- 2049 - write a bestseller.
- 2053 - work as a surgeon.
- 2059 - perform mathematical research.
- 2060 - solve any other problem.
Modern computers also combine many microprocessors in their work. As of 2017, the world's fastest computer uses approximately 40,000 processors with 260 cores each. This is more than 10 million processor cores working simultaneously. Each of these cores has less power than the Intel processor in your computer, but the machine has about the same power as human brain.
This does not mean that we have already created AI. This is still far away. This is a massive and still incredibly difficult architecture to program tasks. But the better we use this architecture, the more likely there will be frequent breakthroughs in the algorithms.
In other words, even if Moore's law is violated or ceases to operate altogether, the total power will certainly continue to grow for many more years.
“Suppose computer power continues to double. But this has been happening for decades! You guys keep predicting the arrival of full-fledged AI, but it's never going to happen."
At the beginning of the computer age, there was an optimistic notion that we would quickly be able to build "smart" machines. The end of dreams came in the 1970s, when experts realized that even the fastest computers of the day produced only about one billionth of the processing power of the human brain. Awareness tempered the ardor of industry workers, since then they have looked at its progress even too realistically.
So far, these are all pilot projects, the purpose of which is to learn more about how the basic income program can be better implemented and how well it works. But once massive unemployment due to automation becomes a reality, the idea can be expected to spread rapidly.
Tax on robots
Such a proposal was contained in the draft report to the European Parliament. He was supported by Bill Gates, who proposes to force robots to pay income tax and payroll tax, like people. This will make people more competitive.
Unfortunately, this idea has a drawback. Ultimately, the cost of hiring robots will artificially increase, and with it the cost of goods that robots produce. If each country does not introduce the same tax, then the robots will simply work in other countries.
We will be in a more difficult position than if we simply let robots take our jobs. However, a tax on robots could still have value as a way to slow unemployment down a bit.
In 10-15 years, artificial intelligence will leave millions of people without work, experts warn
From the point of view of the employer, computers are more profitable than people: they are cheaper and work more efficiently, photo: Robohunter
Computers are already doing some tasks much better than humans today. Experts say that in just 10-15 years, artificial intelligence will force people out of many professions and leave millions of people unemployed.
What professions are under the threat of extinction, whether the power of computers is inevitable and how it threatens humanity, the "Country" understood.
Robot vs Human
The monopolization by artificial intelligence (AI) (scientifically correct name is "deep neural networks") of all spheres of human life is no longer futurological ideas, but economic calculations. Leading scientific research warns that the world will face appalling levels of unemployment in the coming decades. This can provoke riots, exacerbate social inequality, poverty and other social problems.
So, according to Oxford University, over the next 20 years in the US, every second workplace will be automated - 47% of workers will replace machines. In China - 77%.
The Youth Advocacy Group of Australia (FYA) warns that around 70% of young people in Australia are now in jobs where the impact of automation will be "radical". That is, in fact, in twenty years, their knowledge and professional skills will no longer be needed by anyone - computers will perform the same functions for them. The only difference is that the employer will not have to pay salaries to cars, and from it - taxes to the state.
From the point of view of the employer, a robot is more profitable than a person: it does everything faster and cheaper. Moreover, modern AI also knows how to learn. Moreover, if a person can take years to master a new skill, a computer spends seconds on it. Man cannot compete.
“We are approaching the time when machines will surpass humans in almost every field,” said a professor of computational engineering, director of the Institute information technologies Moshe Vardi. “I believe that society needs to face this problem before it rises to its full height. If machines are capable of doing almost everything that humans can do, what will they be left to do?"
Vardy predicts that in 30 years, robots will be able to do almost everything that humans can do. And this will lead to the fact that more than 50% of the inhabitants of the planet will become unemployed, and society will plunge into total procrastination.
According to International Federation Robotics is the leader in automation in South Korea, where there are 531 robots per 10,000 workers. China is still lagging behind: there are only 49 robots by 10 thousand, but the country ranks first in terms of the rate of increase in robotics units.
Ukraine, however, will not be captured by the automation trend as quickly as the West, experts say, because of relatively cheap labor. In general, in relation to Europe, Ukraine will begin to feel the invasion of computers with a delay of about 10 years. Experts predict that the higher the average salary in Ukraine becomes, the more often employers will give preference to robots over people.
Experts reassure: automation is a historically natural process, and humanity has experienced something similar before. In the 18-19 centuries, with the beginning of the industrial revolution, for example, cars first ousted horses from the sphere of transport, but now they can also replace people. ATMs, self-service centers, and more recently, online banking have already replaced a whole army of bank employees. And you need to take it easy.
"There was once such a profession - people who were calculators who counted on arithmometers. Some scientists believe that artificial intelligence appeared when people invented a calculator that could solve the same mathematical problems much faster and better than a person," says Artem Chernodub, Ph.D., AI researcher at Clikque Technology.
The strength of neural networks is that their teacher is the boundless Internet space. Robots can already do more than what they were originally programmed to do.
"Recently, a neural system has developed its own encryption system and taught this system to another neural network. Today, AI already works in such a way that even the architect of this network does not understand how it does it. It changes itself from the inside. It works on the principle of the human brain - therefore it and is called neural," says Boris Tizenhausen, an expert in reputation management.
It was Deep Learning ("Deep Learning" - algorithms that allow AI to learn and improve itself without human intervention - Ed.) Reduced the cost of computing, and therefore the cost of the computers themselves. This is now leading to mass automation of professions.
"One gigaflops (a measure of computer performance - the number of mathematical operations that a computing system performs per second, Ed. Note) - now costs about 6 cents, in 2008 it cost about 50 dollars, and in 1997 - about 40 thousand dollars, - leads example Artem Chernodub - Computers have become more powerful and, accordingly, cheaper. A modern mobile phone is more powerful than the most advanced computer was 10 years ago, and it is now available to most people, while a computer 30 years ago was a luxury. Today you can automatically train deep neural networks on large amounts of data, even just 1 terabyte of images, and get from them behavior that is similar to human behavior, and sometimes exceeds its capabilities. Even 10 years ago, this seemed fantastic. "
The possibilities of neural networks are really impressive. Their influence is especially noticeable in the direction of chatbots. Take, for example, the Luka startup, which generates dialogues with the characters of various works: after the death of the singer Prince, they created a chat with the musician after analyzing interviews with him in public sources.
Two designs for the same item. The left one is human. The right one is suggested by the computer (Within Enhance program). The most incredible thing is that the design of the computer is more natural and pleasing to the eye. Although AI did not rely on personal experience He just wanted to be as efficient as possible.
Another impressive example is when the artificial intelligence AlphaGo, created by a division of Google, beat the European champion in Go checkers. Go surpasses even chess in complexity, with millions of unpredictable moves.
“Google trained the neural network in the following way: they loaded into it the data of all the games that it was possible to find, and the system gave priority to those moves thanks to which the computer won, and eventually learned to play at the level of an average player,” says Boris Tizenhausen. “Then Google forced this AI to play with another AI. They made millions of moves per second, and in the end no one won. But playing with each other, they improved. In the end, AlphaGo beat the European Go drafts champion with a score of 5: 0. The champion is upset.
Martin Ford, author of Rise of the Robots, is convinced that automation is unstoppable. "It's part of capitalism - the constant drive to increase productivity," he says. Robotization of production is beneficial to almost everyone, except for workers without degrees, and it is they who will be most affected by mass robotization.
Dying professions
According to experts, almost any profession that is associated with a repeatable algorithm of actions is under the threat of extinction today. Roughly speaking, if you do the same routine work every day from morning to evening, associated with the constant collection, processing and analysis of data, it makes sense to think about changing your profession.
Some positions will disappear altogether, while others will be forced to modernize to meet the new realities of the technological world. "Strana", together with experts, compiled a list of 25 professions that are at risk.
1. Drivers
The development of AI will inevitably affect taxi drivers, and indeed all carriers. In the United States, it is predicted that in 15 years all transport will become automated. Self-propelled vehicles will replace taxi drivers and public transport, excavator operators, truckers, drivers.
Tesla and Google have been testing self-driving cars in the US for a year now. In Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, as well as in Singapore, unmanned vehicles have already begun to be used as taxis. And the Russian Federation and Finland are even negotiating the creation of an infrastructure for unmanned communication between the countries.
By 2025, American automakers plan to mass-produce unmanned vehicles for a wide range of customers. They will not have a steering wheel or pedals. What for?
Intelligent transport systems (ITS) will help avoid accidents: cars will read information from each other, know about oncoming traffic, and change the trajectory and speed of movement depending on this data. Even a traffic light will not be needed - the cars themselves will see that another car crosses the road and avoid collisions.
Flying car design project. Photo: 3DNews
The only thing hindering the ubiquitous distribution of cars on autopilot so far is the poor condition of the roads. But this obstacle is also temporary. It is possible that soon there will be no need for roads for cars - they will fly through the air. Terrafugia has been working on such a flying car since 2013, now it is being tested. The flight in it will also be controlled by a computer system - the user only needs to indicate the destination.
2. Conductors and controllers
Following the drivers, the conductors will also disappear. In some cities, trains already run on their own, and the fare in them from bank cards is read automatically using phones.
3. Working conveyors
Robots are replacing manual labor in manufacturing. So, Adidas is building a fully automated factory in Germany, where everything from designing clothes to tailoring is done by robots. The production process for a pair of sneakers from start to finish takes about five hours. By comparison, in the current Adidas supply chain in Asia, a similar process could take several weeks. Robots will also be able to quickly create custom-made shoes for a specific client - a significant competitive advantage.
4. Guards
The sphere of security services is also computerized. Concierges, security guards, watchmen will be replaced by face identification systems, which, due to the increased terrorist threats, are already being introduced everywhere at points of large crowds of people. This is convenient and effective: the computer recognizes a person's face and immediately determines whether he has a criminal record, is potentially dangerous or not, or has been seen in contact with criminals. By the way, in this regard, AI will significantly complicate the work of burglars: the computer will instantly determine whether a neighbor or an outsider has entered the entrance.
“Now in Britain, the face recognition system in the subway also connects to a person’s social media accounts, determines whether he is a member of terrorist groups – and if several suspicious people enter the subway at the same time, the system immediately sends a signal to the police,” Boris gives an example Tizenhausen.
5. Salesmen and cashiers
In Seattle, Amazon opened the world's first store without cashiers, sellers and queues. Scanning devices automatically pierce the goods at the exit and withdraw money from the account. This is a real revolution in shopping.
It is based on Just Walk Out technology. It automatically detects when products are removed from the shelves and returned to their place, and forms a virtual shopping cart. On its basis, immediately after the buyer left the store, he receives an invoice.
"All mass professions - such as cashiers, salespeople, resellers, merchandisers, warehouse workers, even waiters - can be automated, which means they will be automated. Go to McDonald's near the Louvre in Paris - very few people work there. Because social the standards are too high, and it's expensive to hire a person to work even at McDonald's, because he has to pay at least 1,600 euros. Therefore, everything is robotized," says Chernodub.
6. Consultants
Today, in the virtual world, they are successfully replaced by chatbots. They provide online shopping advice and help customers solve product problems. Experts do not rule out that special robots will soon appear in stores that will present company products, greet visitors, tell them about the characteristics of the product, showing its images on the screen. By facial expressions and body language, robots will recognize human emotions and respond appropriately to them.
7. Accountants
With the introduction of electronic document management, the need for a huge layer of people who were engaged in paperwork, transferring documents from place to place and entering data into databases, disappears. In fact, any person himself will be able to submit declarations, draw up basic documents for opening his own enterprise, for example. A few years ago, firms hired an accountant specifically for this.
8. Finance staff
Here we are talking not only about the banal rearrangement of pieces of paper. The software effectively replaces brokers and traders.
Thus, since 2000, the number of financial employees on Wall Street has decreased by about one-third. The computer, instead of them, conducts hundreds of thousands of transactions, within a fraction of a second makes a decision on the purchase and sale based on data that is automatically collected in the market and exchange services. During this time, a person will only have time to sip coffee.
“Already now, on the American stock exchange, 40% of operations to make decisions on buying or selling shares are made by AI. Traders have many special programs that determine trends, analyze quotes on several exchanges at once and build a mathematical model of how they will move on. it is not capable," says Boris Tizenhausen.
9. Translators
In fact, each of us unwittingly contributes to the extinction of this profession: every time you enter text into an online translator, you teach it. If you indicate that a word in a sentence is translated incorrectly, the computer remembers it. With each such correction, he learns, and machine translation becomes more and more perfect. Google began using neural networks for translation at the end of 2016 - the number of errors in translations of texts decreased by 60%.
Now the search giants "Yandex" and Google are testing neural systems with in-depth morphological analysis, which take a radically new approach to the translation of texts. Here's an example: a "translator" was taught to translate from Japanese to English and from Korean to English. Suddenly it turned out that the AI was able to translate directly from Japanese to Korean, although it had not been taught this. The neural network itself created its own translation algorithm, in which the intermediary language (English) was not needed.
Experts assure: over time, the vocabulary of a smartphone will equal that of a human. AI will even be able to create its own language. Mankind will forget what language barriers are: you will no longer need to spend years studying a foreign language - your smartphone will easily and competently provide simultaneous translation into any language on the planet.
10. Call center operators
Many companies have already replaced call center operators with automated programs that respond to customer complaints and offer them appropriate solutions. If the robot cannot cope with the problem itself, it automatically switches the subscriber to a "live" employee.
11. Programmers and web designers
In the near future, specialties that are now considered intellectual will be recognized as “workers”: programming, web design, 3D design. All this for a person today can easily be done by a machine.
For example, in order to model and manufacture a dental prosthesis, now a dentist must study for many years and obtain the appropriate qualifications, and the manufacture of such a prosthesis is very expensive. But already today, 3D printers can print dentures quickly and cheaply. And soon such specialists will not be needed.
As for the development of sites, according to experts, neural networks will soon learn to independently develop both the layout and design of sites, applications and programs. A person will simply set the parameters he needs.
"Even now, programmers write code differently than programmers did twenty years ago, when you had to remember all the commands by heart. Now the program already offers the programmer the codes, and he chooses the ones he needs. This will continue to be automated. I think it will come to that a person will say: “Siri, write me such and such a program.” And Siri will write,” says Artem Chernodub.
12. Tour guides
AI and today easily determines where we are, gives historical background, shows photos and virtual overviews of the area.
"The neural network can provide much more information and adjust to your interests. Targeted content is now coming out on top - Facebook works according to this algorithm, showing what you are interested in, Google, etc. The system understands what you are interested in and presents this is exactly in the vein in which it will be interesting for you to see it. It is clear that the "live" guides will remain, but they will become rather exotic," predicts Boris Tizenhausen.
13. Soldiers
Unmanned aerial vehicles, drones, security robots, monitoring systems already cope with many tasks much better than a person and even make decisions whether to open fire or not, identifying the enemy by their uniform and weapons. In the near future, according to experts, they will begin to replace living soldiers in ground missions as well. Soon, a person will remotely control tanks and aircraft without participating in battles.
Here it is impossible not to recall the autonomous tracked vehicle MAARS (Modular Advanced Armed Robotic System) - this is a robot. In his arsenal - a machine gun, as well as tear, fragmentation, high-explosive and smoke grenades. At the same time, MAARS is capable of not only killing, but also saving - clearing mines and pulling wounded people from the battlefield.
14. Builders
Construction is already partially automated. It is no longer necessary to build a house - it can be printed on a special construction 3D printer. A person chooses the design of the house they like, presses one button and a giant 3D printer prints the necessary blocks of concrete or other material.
WinSun in China has been developing such houses since 2014. And a Shanghai 3D house printer can create ten buildings from construction and industrial waste. The cost of production of one such house is not more than 5 thousand dollars.
15. Food producers
3D printers may also soon take over the mass production of food for humans. By and large, any materials can be loaded into them, and why not do this with edible products. Natural Machines has already presented a similar development. The Foodini 3D printer allows you to load up to five different ingredients into it - you can set the necessary program, and the dish will be quickly "printed". The result is still more like fast food, so the chefs of elite restaurants do not have to worry for now.
16. Travel agents
"Five years ago, there were travel agency offices on every corner, but now travel agents have virtually disappeared: they have been replaced by automatic platforms for booking and ordering tickets and places to stay. Those who remain on the market now are mainly focused on older people who do not trust electronic systems payment, but like their clients, they are already living out their lives,” says Boris Tizenhausen.
17. Astronauts
There is a place for robotics in space as well. The robots are already doing the menial work at the station. And the Robonaut2 (R2) robot from NASA and General Motors is already plowing the expanses of the earth's orbit. R2 is capable of operating both inside the ISS and in outer space. And he doesn't need a bulky suit to do it. Subsequently, it is planned that R2 will land on the moon - it is safe and not expensive.
18. Postmen and couriers
Delivery services are already gradually being taken over by drones and other similar devices. From the warehouse - directly to the house, conveniently and quickly.
Medicine, along with defense, are leaders in investment in the development of AI.
For example, the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York has implemented an automatic medical diagnostic system using the Watson supercomputer. He determines the diagnosis more accurately than doctors, and selects the best method of treatment for each individual case. The accuracy of Watson's diagnoses is due to the fact that he studied 600,000 medical studies (about 2 million pages of text).
Less complex diseases will soon be able to be diagnosed using a mobile phone. London-based startup Your.MD is improving an application for iOS and Android devices that can listen to a person's complaints in text or voice mode and determine his illness.
Robotic surgeons are already performing operations, sewing tissues at the micro level. Instead of stitching, doctors now use robotic staplers. There are also robotic anesthesiologists, since 2013 these systems have been allowed in the United States. Using them instead of the services of a professional anesthesiologist in the US market can save from $450 to $1850 per patient.
20. Pharmacists
Robots have already begun distributing medicines to patients. In San Francisco, UCSF Medical Center has installed experimental machines in two hospitals that receive an electronic prescription from a doctor, weigh out the correct doses of medicines, pack them into pills and give them to the patient.
Robots can replace nannies and nurses. The Japanese company NEC has developed the PaPeRo robot, which is able to entertain people and care for children and the mentally ill, helping them develop communication skills. The robot can communicate in a natural and pleasant voice, tell jokes, tell fortunes, make riddles, remind you to take medicines, and transmit voice messages from a person to other people whom PaPeRo recognizes by their faces.
22. Fitness trainers
This profession, according to experts, is waiting for a serious transformation. Workouts are already conducted by a robot in many mobile applications - it's cheaper, and online broadcasting can cover unlimited quantity users.
23. Teachers
Now you can get a diploma of any university remotely. One teacher can teach not ten people, how many will fit in the class, but thousands of people at the same time. Experts believe that some kind of natural selection will begin in the industry, and really highly qualified minds who are really appreciated in a professional environment and have exceptional knowledge will remain teaching.
24. Journalists
Yes, the person who writes this article may also be out of work in a dozen or two years.
Electronic media employees are at risk. The Los Angeles Times, Associated Press, Forbes and other well-known media are already actively using robots today - they create operational financial reports, sports scores and provide information about the weather. Robots will collect information much faster than journalists, find out "who, what, when, where, how and why", even interview experts and draw up the final information material. Narrative Science predicts that in 15 years, 90% of news reports will be generated automatically.
Of course, we are not talking about columnism and the genre of feature reporting, bordering on literature - here, in the subtlety of observations, the skill of conveying lively emotions and the beauty of style, a computer cannot surpass a person. At least for now.
25. Priests
Don't be quick to get angry. Of course, robots will not be able to fully replace the clergy, but partially AI is already being introduced into the church. You don't have to look far for examples: last year, a service for ordering prayers via the Internet was created in Lviv. In addition, for several years now, in order to put a note in the Wailing Wall, it is not at all necessary to go to Jerusalem - you just need to leave your message in the Internet representation of the shrine.
All hope for creativity
Experts insist: only professions associated with monotonous manual labor will disappear, in which there is no creative, intellectual, creative component, and most importantly, the need for purely human empathy.
"Indeed, some professions will disappear, but only those that can be fully automated. Human staff will still be in demand, for example, in the Love and Care industry - those areas where a machine simply cannot replace the component of human warmth and participation. This and the work that volunteers do today - caring for the elderly and sick, supporting the victims, helping people with handicapped", - says HR specialist Larisa Bruver.
Brower does not believe that in 15 years we will all be looking for new job. "The work landscape will certainly change, but it will shift towards intellectual and creative work - into areas where even self-learning algorithms will either not be able to show the same performance, or robotization will be artificially limited due to the risk of losing control over the process," says expert.
The more complex and creative a profession is, the less it is threatened by automation. Artists, presenters, designers, actors, showmen, artists - they will remain in demand.
However, today robots have already learned how to create works of art. Andrey Karpaty from Stanford University has created a program into which you can load certain texts, say Shakespeare's sonnets, and it will itself begin to generate texts in the same style. By the same principle, neural networks can already draw pictures in the style of Van Gogh and Picasso, generate music a la Bach. There are even music album"Neural Defense", texts for which were written by a robot.
How valuable and qualitatively such "creativity" is another question. For those who are inclined towards primitive consumption, there will not be much difference between the work of Mozart and the robot. But can this be considered art?
"Here the question is rather for art critics. But on my own behalf: sometimes you come to the PinchukArtCentre, look at the piece of asphalt exhibited there and think - what kind of nonsense? And then a modern art critic will come up to you and explain that in fact this is art ", - says Artem Chernodub. - But seriously, I think that if paintings by artificial intelligence start to be bought, then this can be considered, if not art, then at least a product."
It is reassuring that the robot can repeat, calculate, copy - but cannot create anything radically new. So far, computer creativity is just imitation.
That is why the demand for human oddity and genius will remain. Scientists, inventors, researchers, creators of art - people who do not create, but create - without them, the development of society, even with total automation of labor, is impossible. In addition, the ubiquitous distribution of robots has a significant plus: against their background, the uniqueness and exclusivity inherent only in humans will be increasingly valued.
“No highly developed artificial intelligence is able to completely replace a person,” says Michio Kaku, an American physicist of Japanese origin. “We actually have much more advantages over machines than we can imagine. Robots have no imaginative thinking, they have no consciousness, intuition.
Therefore, the scientist advises: in order to succeed, you need to develop those abilities that are not available to robots: creativity, imagination, initiative, leadership qualities. Those countries that can balance commodity markets and cognitive and creative potential are much more likely to succeed.
But even if you can't draw, sing, write music, and didn't get your doctorate from Harvard, don't panic. Technological progress both kills some professions and creates new ones.
According to the forecasts of scientists from Utrecht University, although labor automation will reduce the number of jobs, it will allow companies to reduce production costs, and at the same time, product prices, which will increase the purchasing power of citizens and create new jobs in other industries.
In addition, human supervision will still be necessary for robots for a long time. There will be a need for the profession of a roboticist - a professional who will train robots and make sure that they do not harm a person.
In any case, we need to learn how to interact with AI. Modern children are easier in this regard - they learn to handle the tablet before they speak. Older people, of course, will be more difficult to relearn. But now is the time to think about whether you want to do what you are doing now for the rest of your life. The main thing is to orient yourself in time and adapt to the new technological reality. Progress can no longer be stopped.
Automation of factories has already left many workers without work, now it's the turn of office workers. But there is good news: Rich countries will pay their citizens a guaranteed income.
Photo: Robert Oswald Alfiler\Zuma\TASS
Last week, Deputy Chairman of the Board of Sberbank Vadim Kulik, that the largest bank in Russia is introducing a robot lawyer that could free up about 3,000 jobs. This does not mean that lawyers will be fired immediately, they will fall under the retraining program.
Robots for the formation of statements of claim in Sberbank are a clear illustration of a powerful global trend. The main threat to the labor market now is not labor migration and the transfer of jobs to developing countries, as it was a few years ago. The main danger is robots, in the coming decades they can take over half of the functions for which people are now paid. Analysts consider this trend to be revolutionary, which means that it requires fundamental changes in the whole society - in the economy, in education, and in social security.
Rise of the Machines
In early January, Ford Motor Co. earned the praise of her stubborn critic of Donald Trump. “Thank you for choosing not to build a factory in Mexico and create 700 jobs in the US,” wrote new president on Twitter. “This is just the beginning, there will be more to come.”
As a candidate, Trump constantly berated American companies, especially automakers, for exporting jobs to cheaper countries. He even threatened to impose a 35 percent duty on cars made in Mexico. It would seem that Ford's abandonment of its plans is a clear victory for the guardian of the American labor market. However, the American workers will not get much from this victory. As Bloomberg notes, 700 jobs in Michigan, Ford's home, will come from a $700 million investment: "Against the debate over whether robots will take all the jobs, this number of hirings looks frighteningly low for an investment of this magnitude."
These debates have been going on for more than a decade. As early as 1955, Henry Ford II was arguing with a union leader along the lines of, "How do you get the robots to pay your dues?" “How do you get robots to buy your cars?” he retorted. Since then, cars themselves have become much closer to robots - some of them already drive without a driver, and the conflict between society and technology has become more pronounced. Why pay people if the device works cheaper and better? What can people live on if their labor is not needed?
In 2015, Martin Ford (not from the dynasty of automakers, but a futurist writer and programmer) brought the discussion about the conflict between the automaton and the human to a new level. In The Robots Are Coming. Technological advances and a jobless future," he predicted that the devices would hit the labor market so hard that it would lead to street riots, but then people would become "more productive and resourceful."
Machines will displace human labor in the first place in those areas that can be automated, that is, where processes are predictable. “What kinds of jobs are predictable at a fundamental level? Many skills fall into this category. And not only low-skilled labor. People with degrees from colleges and even universities, lawyers, for example, end up doing predictable things,” said the futurist, who received the award for the best business book of the year from the Financial Times and McKinsey.
Unnecessary professions
McKinsey, one of the world's largest consulting groups, has since released several studies describing the upcoming labor market turmoil. It follows from them that no one is immune from automation: neither janitors, nor “white collars”. The latest one, released in January 2017, draws attention to the following: “In almost every profession there are many types of activities, and each of them has different requirements for automation. With current technology, very few professions - less than 5% - can be fully automated. However, for partial automation, there is potential in almost all. We estimate that almost half of the functions that workers are paid for can be automated using known technologies". In labor costs around the world, this is $14 trillion a year, the researchers calculated, in the United States - $2.7 trillion.
The hospitality and restaurant sectors will be hardest hit. There you can automate 75% of the functions performed by people. In second place is mining - almost two-thirds of the work can be provided by machines.
In manufacturing, the future looks more stable, where, according to McKinsey, up to 30% of existing functions can be automated. But this resilience is explained by the fact that the level of automation in industry is already quite high, while the speed with which devices will displace people is limited by the scale of the industry itself - robots are needed a lot, and they are expensive.
This is a temporary advantage of people. According to the International Federation of Robotics, 254,000 production robots were sold in 2015, up 15% from the year before and three times more than in 2003. In cash, sellers earned $11.1 billion, 9% more than in 2014. That is, these devices are rapidly becoming cheaper.
Industry has become the locomotive of growth, where purchases in 2015 amounted to 33% more than a year earlier. Electronics manufacturing was the fastest automating industry of all sectors, where purchases of robots increased by 41%. This is not surprising for the most dynamic and creditworthy industry, which, in fact, is itself an integral part of the production of robots.
For example, in December it became known that Foxconn, the Taiwanese electronics manufacturer that produces, among other things, the largest number of iPhones in the world, intends to get rid of the majority of human jobs by 2020. To this end, Foxconn, which now employs 1.2 million people, produces 10,000 robots a year.
The company's automation plan consists of three stages. The first machine will replace people where it is dangerous or uninteresting for them to work (that is, where they quickly "burn out" because they feel like machines). Entire assembly lines will then be retooled to reduce the number of robots "hired" to replace humans in the first stage. And finally, in entire factories, people will be used only for logistics, testing, most jobs will disappear there. Already, Foxconn's factories in the People's Republic of China have ten “no-light” conveyors where there are no people at all.
This plan is a serious test for Foxconn, writes The Verge. There are both internal and external risks. Domestic - People in China are still cheaper than robots when you consider the cost of buying, installing and maintaining the latter. When the falling price of robots reaches the cost of humans and when automation pays off is as much a question for futurologists as it is for economists.
External risks - from the state. The Chinese government has given Foxconn a ton of incentives in the form of direct subsidies, discounted energy tariffs, and billions of dollars worth of ready-made infrastructure, all to ensure that the corporation creates jobs, not destroys them. The announced plan directly combats this goal of the government, it can cancel the benefits granted, and then the investment in replacing cheap people with expensive robots will be longer than Foxconn calculated.
The largest buyer of robots is still the auto industry, which accounts for almost 40% of robots in the industry. But the growth of purchases in this sector is much slower than in electronics or, for example, mechanical engineering.
McKinsey's research, however, suggests a shift in perspective on the future of the labor market: looking at skills rather than specific sectors will give a clearer picture of how work hours — and income — will change for the foreseeable future.
People engaged in predictable physical tasks (that's 19% of all workers) can be replaced by 81%. The next candidates for departure are employees engaged in data processing: 16% of all employees, for whom robots can perform 69% of the tasks.
And it's not just about robots like Hadrian X, capable of laying 1 thousand bricks per hour (ten times more than a team of two people). And not even about Tally robots that act as merchandisers - they monitor the assortment and layout of goods in large retailers. The revolution will also affect doctors, where, on the one hand, each specific operation is more or less unpredictable, and on the other hand, medical workers are entrusted with processing a large amount of data, which programs can handle. In the financial sector, where, as in healthcare, it is important to understand many factors and intuition, which are not yet available to robots, up to 43% of functions can be automated. For mortgage brokers, for example, 90% of the time is spent processing applications, all this can be automated, that is, deprive people of their current earnings.
Guaranteed income
The reverse side of robotization is mass unemployment. Governments do not want the unrest that Martin Ford warns about. They have two ways to deal with the invasion of robots. The first is protectionism, the one professed by Donald Trump and the Chinese government. The first believes that people will live better if foreigners cannot encroach on their employment - no matter where, in America or abroad. Others - that you need to pull employers to yourself.
It is possible, for example, to introduce a tax on labor automation. But private analysts believe that neither technological progress, which deprives workers of their usual functions, nor the international flow of labor can be stopped. Moreover, the migration of jobs is a phenomenon under which it is too late to adapt, it has happened, but it is still possible to adapt to the technological revolution, which has just begun.
To do this, you need to change the system of education. The younger generations should learn not the sciences, but the skills to quickly acquire new knowledge and skills. And constantly. Already now, current and future workers should be ready to master either new qualifications within their profession or outside it. And some corporations are already doing it. For example, they offer "nano-diplomas" for obtaining not theoretical, but practical knowledge and experience.
But how can a man, forced to learn faster than a robot, support himself while he spends more time on education than on production? To do this, Martin Ford believes, it is necessary to pay every citizen a living wage, give bonuses for training, and all that he earns in excess of the minimum should be exempt from taxes (or at least reduce them): “Then a guaranteed income will result in the growth of entrepreneurship . It is said that a guaranteed income will lead to laziness and destroy the economy. And I think that, on the contrary, it will push us towards entrepreneurship and more risky behavior.”
As socialist as this idea of “from each according to his ability, to each according to his work” may seem, Ford is not the only supporter of it. Sam Altman, the head of YCombinator, the largest startup incubator in Silicon Valley, spoke about the need for guaranteed payments to everyone - in the end, in order to prevent social unrest, it is better to pay in advance, then it may be too late. Even the legendary venture capitalist Elon Musk, the head of SpaceX, believes that there is no other way: "Robots will take your job, and the government will pay you a salary." And some governments are already on the verge of such a solution. In Switzerland last summer there was a referendum on whether to introduce a minimum payment for all citizens of $2.5 thousand per month. The decision was negative, but in other European countries - France, Finland - politicians and officials included this decision in their programs.
Do not be afraid that robots will replace humans - this will not happen in the foreseeable future. And that's why.
Robots are unable to perform complex and creative tasks
According to the American investment bank Merrill Lynch, as early as 2016, robots took away the work of 1.5 million people. Basically, they took the positions of people who performed routine production tasks. And this is just the beginning: Merrill Lynch believes that by 2025, robots will already be performing 45% of manufacturing tasks.
In industry, robots have no equal: they tirelessly perform boring monotonous work, make fewer mistakes than people, and of course, they never get sick or go on vacation.
So what is left for people?
The person of the future will be able to apply for vacancies that require non-standard thinking, deep analytics and a high level of professionalism. Even in the same industry, according to a Merrill Lynch report, 80% of industrialists complain about a shortage of highly skilled workers. And the report of the World Economic Forum (WEF) predicts the emergence by 2020 of 2 million new jobs that are inaccessible to robots: these are managerial positions, vacancies in the field of programming and data analysis, architecture, training, engineering positions.
Futurist Ian Pearson adds that human-only creativity will protect creative professions from robotization.
In the near future, robots will not be able to completely replace humans in medicine either. Artificial intelligence is already learning to decipher analyzes and X-rays and will soon be able to make simple diagnoses. But in difficult cases, you still need the experience of a living doctor and his non-standard thinking. Dr. House from the car - this is still from the realm of fantasy.
The same goes for robot-assisted surgery: machines today help surgeons perform operations where the most precise movements are needed, but they are still controlled by people. And if something goes wrong during the operation, the doctor will immediately intervene in the process. Even if some simple surgical interventions are fully automated in the future, the robot will still be assisted by a person - after all, the machine is not able to take into account all non-standard scenarios, and a living surgeon can improvise.
Robots don't have empathy
And therefore they are unlikely to be able to replace, for example, school teachers. Yes, all the information from the school course can now be found on Google. And theoretically, the teacher can already be replaced today with a “talking head”. And in the literal sense: Russian developers from the Neurobotics company, for example, thought about using Pushkin's robotic head for literature lessons in schools.
But the robot will still not replace a living teacher, Ian Pearson is sure. "A robot will never be able to understand a child because it doesn't have the necessary human experience," he says.
The same applies to professions that require emotions and empathy - for example, a psychologist, coach, personnel manager, whose duties include motivating employees. Experts of the World Economic Forum agree with this: in their opinion, in the future, one of the competitive advantages of a person over a robot when applying for a job will be precisely emotional intelligence.
“On an emotional level, a person will always be able to interact better with another person than any robot,” Ian Pearson is sure.
Interestingly, according to polls, a quarter of young people are ready to have a relationship with a robot.
Robots do not know how to deviate from given algorithms
Even the most advanced robot will "live" according to the given algorithms. In electronic brains, it is possible to prescribe in detail, "what to do if ...". But it is impossible to take into account all the variety of options regarding all the tasks that a person faces daily.
Now researchers from Microsoft and the University of Cambridge are working to create a robotic platform for programming. But here's the problem: a robot programmer can only reproduce algorithms that are similar to those that a person has already come up with.
To create something fundamentally new robots are not yet under the force - only people can do it. At least until artificial intelligence learns to behave in the same way as the human brain - and experts believe that this will not happen in the coming decades.
Robots don't have intuition
This illogical, almost mystical ability, peculiar only to man, often helps to make the right decisions contrary to facts and logic. Laura Ellis, executive vice president of real estate agency Baird & Warner, explains this with a real estate agent. “Home buyers often describe their wishes in great detail. Using technology, I can easily find them a 100% match according to formal criteria. But then the following happens: we go into the house, and after three seconds it is clear - this is not it. It is not difficult to find a suitable “on paper” house - artificial intelligence can easily cope with this by checking the databases. It is much harder to find buyers a home to their liking. The choice of housing is strongly determined by intuition and emotions,” says Laura Ellis.
"Glitches" will always be
The vast majority of Americans (88%) hate waiting and jostling in checkout lines. Automatic scanners could be a good alternative, relieve cashiers and save shoppers time.
However, three-quarters of the same respondents say they avoid self-checkouts due to possible technical problems. And if you can always agree with a person in case of an error, then if a robotic cashier breaks down, the buyer is helpless. And in order to fix the problem, you still need a person.
That is why even a huge number of robots in all areas will not be able to completely displace a person from production and the service sector. Robots themselves - the need to regularly maintain and repair them - will create many new jobs for people, especially for programmers and engineers.
“Robots are already more or less better than humans in everything, except for creative tasks and non-standard situations,” says Chief Editor project Hi-Tech Mail.Ru Vyacheslav Opakhin. - But if artificial intelligence reaches the next levels, we will find ourselves in a more difficult situation.
People are often no longer able to distinguish whether they are talking in a chat with a bot or with a real person. Neural networks write music, and we do not take it seriously just because of the well-established understanding of who is the creator here. If these norms are removed, will robot melodies become a masterpiece?
The world will one day become as automated as possible. And this does not mean that pieces of iron will roam everywhere instead of people - systems will make a person's life easier.
The task of people is to lay such foundations in artificial intelligence so that numerous robots (from robotic vacuum cleaners to unmanned vehicles) do not even think that without a person on this planet is also not bad. Or at least it took a very long time to come to this idea.