Municipal educational institution
« Secondary school No. 17"
Creative project on technology on the topic:
Completed by: 7th grade student
Golysheva Kristina
Head: technology teacher
O. V. Grechishkina
Bogoroditsk 2016
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction…………………………………………………………………….3
Goals and objectives of the project…………………………………………….. 3
Justification for choosing the project topic…………………………………. 3
Product options……………………………………………………. 4
Main part………………………………………………………. . 5
2.1 History of embroidery with satin ribbons…………………………… 5
2.2 Selection of materials and tools and safety precautions……… 6
2.3 Product sketch……………………………………………………….. 8
2.4 Product manufacturing technology………………………………….. .9
2.5 Environmental assessment of the project…………………………………….10
2.6 Economic assessment of the project……………………………………11
3 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………… 12
3.1 Self-esteem…………………………………………………………..... 13
3.2 Results of the work………………………………………………………. 13
5 Literature……………………………………………………………..15
INTRODUCTION
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT
Purpose a creative project is the implementation of a product that most fully represents my knowledge, skills, and abilities acquired during the learning process in technology lessons.
Tasks project:
1. Develop and implement the project.
2. Make a painting according to the project.
3. Improve the skills and techniques learned in technology lessons.
4. Evaluate the work done.
RATIONALE FOR CHOOSING THE PROJECT TOPIC
In our house there are things embroidered and decorated by my grandmother and great-grandmother. These are paintings, towels, napkins.
Beautiful products still keep the warmth of their hands and hearts, and at one time they were a fabulous decoration for a simple village house.
Even as a child, looking at these products, I dreamed of becoming a needlewoman like them. Therefore, for me, the ability to embroider is an opportunity to become familiar with beauty.
I learned this skill from my grandmother, and now I really want to use it to decorate my home. My mom's birthday is coming soon. I decided to give her a gift. She has a small shelf in her room. In this place, I decided to make her a bright picture. I think it will decorate the interior of her room. After all best gift for parents, one that is made with their own hands.
I know that today in all countries interest in embroidery is being revived, a lot of relevant literature is being published: books, magazines, manuals. Embroidery gives very great opportunities to make any decorative item. Currently, embroidery with satin ribbons is popular. I decided to take up this art.
PRODUCT OPTIONS
Option #1. Making a painting using the technique of hand embroidery with ribbons. Yes, I can do it, there are no problems...materially, but it takes a lot of time. I have little mastered this technique of work.
Option #2. Making a picture embroidered with beads. It is suitable for interior decoration, but it is too simple.
Option #3. A picture made with satin ribbons is a good idea! It can be made from satin ribbons and placed in a frame. I have no doubt about the need for such a painting, because it will decorate the interior of the apartment. It won’t take very much time to make a painting, but it will bring so much beauty and comfort to the interior of the house. So I made my choice! I decided to “paint” the picture myself with ribbons. We'll see what comes of it at the end!
MAIN PART
2.1 HISTORY OF SATIN RIBBON EMBROIDERY
Since ancient times, narrow strips of fabric have been used in Everyday life And economic activity of people. Already in Ancient Greece women wove strips of fabric into their hair to “revive” their look.
Armbands decorated with gold and precious stones, were woven into hair in ancient Rome.
In addition, clothing was trimmed with colored ribbons, and each social class had its own color and material. In the Middle Ages in Italy, the backs of chairs and canopies were already decorated with ribbons, and heavy curtains were also tied up to cover windows and protect against the cold in winter.
But only inXIVcentury, the household use of silk ribbons began to expand. The weaving traditions in Lyon and the favorable climatic conditions of southern Europe contributed to the rapid development of the production of valuable silk thread. After the papal curia moved to Avignon, under the tutelage of the French king, noble gentlemen began to flaunt in luxurious clothes, trimmed with ribbons with a gold border or brocade ribbons, according to the rank and origin of the wearer.
In 1446, the future King LouisXIinvited Italian weavers to teach their art to the residents of Lyon. Nothing came of this venture, but various machines were brought to the city both for making silk and for making silk ribbons. The demand for ribbons continued to grow, and Lyon gradually became a major textile center. In 1560, there were already fifty thousand weavers who made various, including expensive and extravagant, silk ribbons, and further south, in Velzy and Saint-Etienne and the surrounding area, there were already about eighty
Thousands of looms for the production of ribbons and three hundred and seventy - for the production of braided products (braid, braid, basson). At firstXVIIIcentury, the demand for these goods increased sharply, and a period of rapid distribution of luxurious and beautiful ribbons began. King Louis of FranceXIVhe decorated even his shoes with ribbons and precious stones and ordered the court to dress in an original and creative way.
The Rococo era arrived, and frivolity became the style of the French court. King LouisXVHe loved to embroider and often gave the ladies of the court lovely trinkets he made himself. Dresses became voluminous and spacious, richly decorated with ribbons. “Flying dresses” with unstitched pleats (tucks) on the chest and numerous ribbons came into fashion.
It was during these times that embroidery with silk ribbons appeared in France. At first, noble ladies began to decorate their dresses, decorating the corsages with small roses “a la rococo”, leaves and many scattered flowers with pearls and crystals.
Then it was time for the laundry. It became more and more luxurious and sophisticated. In the ateliers, which bore the high title of “Suppliers of the Royal Court,” real masterpieces were created using a simple needle and ribbons. Now they are displayed in museum showcases around the world - from London to Pretoria.
From France, this type of embroidery migrated to the islands, to England. And from there it spread to all countries of the former British Empire. Together with settlers from the Old World, he came to America, where he quickly gained popularity. This art flourished in the 70sXIXcenturies. By this time, embroidery could be seen not only on dresses, but also on umbrellas, lampshades, quilts, household trinkets and hats.
After World War II, public interest in all types of handicrafts began to decline. But over the past two decades, a revival of embroidery has begun.
Interest returned, and this art again shone with all its facets. After all, sewing with silk ribbons is extremely entertaining; it does not require complex devices or large upfront costs. In addition, simple and well-known embroidery techniques are used here. And the three-dimensional design is so attractive that one can, without any doubt, say: in the coming years, this type of embroidery will become widespread and successful.
2.2 SELECTION OF MATERIALS AND TOOLS
Needles
Different needles are used for embroidery: thin - for light fabrics, thick - for dense ones. When sewing with silk ribbon, sharp needles are used, because they must fit freely into the fabric without forming unsightly puffs. The eye of the needle should be elongated so that you can easily see the tape and it slides along it without twisting. In this way, possible ruptures can be avoided. For tapes with a width of 7, 9, 12 mm, needles No. 18 - 22 are selected; for tape 3 mm, No. 24 is recommended.
Ribbons
Decorative ribbons are used for finishing only.Silk ribbons . They come in different widths and different colors. They can be used for embroidery on any type of fabric.Organza ribbons and braid used in embroidery to create volume and transparency.Finishing tapes and braid There are several types: voile ribbon (with heel, smooth or with a satin insert in the center), satin ribbon (smooth, gathered, pleated), lace ribbon (with beads, gathered).
Embroidery threads
They are required to create a base (outline) for some seams or to secure the tape on the wrong side at the end of the work.
Beads and seed beads
They are used for decoration and give embroidery a special grace.
Fabrics
For the base when embroidering with silk ribbon, you can use a wide variety of fabrics. Cotton fabrics: matting, cambric, plisse, muslin, satin. Linen fabrics: rough linen, thin linen, rough linen, linen fabric with a uniform base. Silk fabrics: chiffon, chesucha, silk tulle. Woolen fabrics: crepe, tweed, jersey. You can embroider on any surface, as long as the fabric is so strong that the stitches are securely held on it, and so elastic that the thread passes through it easily.
In my job The following materials and tools were used:
Fabric for background (light gray canvas)
Satin ribbons
Cotton threads
Needle
Scissors
Safety precautions
While working with scissors
When working, place the scissors on the right, with the rings facing you, so as not to prick yourself on their sharp ends. The blades of the scissors must be closed when not in use.
Pass in rings forward with ends closed.
Make sure that the scissors do not fall on the floor, as if they fall, they can injure you and your friend.
Do not play with scissors or put them in your mouth.
While working with needles
Store pins and needles in a certain place (cushion, special box, etc.), and do not leave them at the workplace.
Do not use rusty needles and pins when working, as they break easily.
Do not put needles or pins in your mouth under any circumstances.
During work, do not stick needles into clothing or random objects.
Sew with needles only with a thimble to avoid pricking your finger.
Attach patterns and fabrics with the sharp ends of pins facing away from you.
Do not bite the threads with your teeth, but cut them with scissors.
While working with glue
Place the glue gun on the thermal mat.
Insert a roll of glue into the gun and secure it.
Plug the plug into the socket.
Children should not work with hot glue. Do the work with the help of adults.
Upon completion of work, unplug the plug from the socket, cool and put the gun away.
2.3 PRODUCT SKETCH
2 .4 PRODUCT MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
№p/p
Manufacturing sequence
Materials, tools
Transfer the design composition onto fabric
fabric, pencil, painting sketch
Make flowers of different colors from satin ribbons. Only 25 pieces. The technology for making flowers is shown below.
Attach a bead to the middle of the flower.
ready-made flowers, threads, needle, scissors
Make 8 large flowers from satin ribbons. The manufacturing technology is shown below.
satin ribbons, threads, needle, scissors
Tuck the fabric into the frame. Attach flowers and leaves to the background randomly.
ready-made flowers, leaves, fabric for background, needle, scissors, threads
Place the finished picture in a frame.
picture, frame
Making flowers.
To make each small flower, I sewed small basting stitches on the ribbon, as shown indrawing and tightened it. A flower has formed. This way I made several flowers of different colors and sizes.
As many flowers as we want, we collect so many pieces of 25 cm for large flowers, 15 cm for medium ones, 10 cm for small ones.
Now you can cut the ribbon to the desired length, leaving a little space for the seam after the last stitch.
Now we carefully pull the thread and collect our flowers.
I didn't have a specific manufacturing plan. I began to collect the bouquet randomly, “as it fell”... I used the selection and combination of colors. First I made a bow from a thin brown ribbon. Then she began to collect a pattern of flowers.
We had to move the flowers from one place to another to find a harmonious combination.
After the final placement of the flowers on the canvas, I moved on to the final stage - gluing the flowers to the frame. I took one flower at a time from the formed pattern, squeezed out a drop of hot glue and quickly applied it to the intended place. I secured the ribbon-twigs at the ends and glued on a bow. There you go.
2.5 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE PROJECT
Embroiderysatin ribbons- it's ecologsical clean production, because it is practically waste-free, no harmful substances are released, the atmosphere is not polluted, and there is no danger to human health.
2.6 ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF THE PROJECT
Price per1 m/1 piece
Consumption
Total RUR
1
Fabric for background canvas
150 rub.
30*20
150 rub.
2
Satin ribbons: green
10 rub.
1 m
10 rub.
3
Satin ribbons:blue
10 rub.
0.5 m
5 rub.
4
Satin ribbons:raspberry
10 rub.
1m
10 rub.
5
Satin ribbons:red
10 rub.
0.5 m
5 rub.
6
Satin ribbons:dark green
10 rub.
0.5 m
5 rub.
7
Satin ribbons:brown
10 rub.
1m
10 rub.
8
Satin ribbons: yellow
10 rub.
1 m
10 rub.
9
Frame 24*19
125 rub.
1 PC.
125 rub.
10
Needle
was
1 PC.
11
Cotton threads
were
1 PC.
12
Scissors
were
1 PC.
13
Hot glue
15 rub.
1 PC.
15 rub.
Total:
345 rub.
The cost of my painting is low, which means that it is economically cheaper to do the work yourself than to buy a similar one at the market or in a store.
CONCLUSION
3.1 SELF-ASSESSMENT
The completed painting turned out to be very bright and beautiful, the patterns of the drawing are simple, they correspond to the interior of the room.
All my family liked the picture. I hung it above my bed. The room became cozier and more beautiful.
RESULTS OF THE WORK
Analyzing the work performed, I believe that I fulfilled the goal and objectives set for myself.
In the process of performing creative work, I consolidated the skills to correctly and beautifully perform embroidery with satin ribbons and select colors. I enjoyed doing this work, it was a creative, fun process that resulted in a wonderful product. While carrying out a creative project, I learned a lot about the history of embroidery with satin ribbons and systematized my knowledge and skills. I will continue to improve in this type of arts and crafts.
4. Product advertising
The hands of people can make any miracle;
And flowers can be woven across a white field
And embroider a golden sun across the blue sky,
So that there is more beauty on earth
I'll pick up a thread and a simple rag
And a little fantasy and magic
And I’ll sew something that you can’t even dream of -
Only so that beauty lives on earth!
LITERATURE
1. A. Burda. "Album on handicrafts." M.1999.
2. “Embroidery school” series “Ribbon embroidery”. M. 2004.
3. “Golden Library of Hobbies” Embroidery with silk ribbons. M. "Ast-Press". 2008.
A. Chernova “The Art of Ribbon Embroidery” 2006 Rostov-on-Don “Phoenix”.
D. Ciotti “Embroidery with silk ribbons” 2004 Moscow “Ast-press”.
https://yandex.ru/images/search?text=%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8 %D0%B5%20%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%20%D1%82 %D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8%20%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%88 %D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0%20%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8&noreask=1&lr=213
Municipal educational institution
"Average comprehensive school No. 21"
Creative project on technology
"Pencil Girl"
Developed by a student of grade 8 "B"
Chelyakin Dmitry
Head of technology teacher
Khrabrov Nikolay Vasilievich
Vologda
Introduction to a creative project……………………………………………………….3
Justification of the project topic................................................................... ..….……………4
Historical reference..................................................................................4
Selecting a product option......................................................... ...............................5
Development of a product sketch……………………………………………………………8
Technological process of product manufacturing………………………..9
Calculation of the conditional cost of materials for the manufacture of a product…..10
Final control and evaluation of the project……………………………..11
Project protection……………………………………………………….12
List of used literature......................................................... .........13
Introduction to a creative project
Familiarity with a creative project is introduced into the technology of labor training from the 5th grade.
A-priory creative project- this is an independent research work that can be performed efficiently thanks to solid knowledge and skills of technology subject programs.
Goals and objectives of the creative project:
To develop polytechnic knowledge in the most common and promising technologies;
To form an idea of the basics of modern production and services;
Develop independence and the ability to solve creative and inventive problems;
To ensure the implementation of self-knowledge, familiarity with the world of professions;
To cultivate hard work, enterprise, collectivism, humanity, mercy, commitment, honesty, responsibility, and a culture of behavior;
Foster a caring attitude towards nature and natural resources;
Form an active life position;
Form the basic concepts of a market economy and the ability to apply them;
Develop real plan achieving the set goal.
Equipment: samples of blanks, rulers, pencils, creative projects, reports, abstracts, posters.
Justification of the project topic
The object of the research work, creative project is the technology of manufacturing wood products, and the subject is the student’s own capabilities in this craft. The novelty and significance of the research can be defined as follows: “Everything new is well-forgotten old. Beauty, revived by human hands, can make the world warmer and kinder.”
The ability to work with wood is an opportunity to experience beauty. This skill is taught in wood processing technology lessons with a view to its further use for practical purposes. It is impossible to imagine Russian housing without wooden products, both in ancient times and in our time. Even in a modern apartment or office, a wooden composition will flash by, enlivening the interior of the room. Now many folk crafts are being revived, a lot of relevant literature is being published: books, magazines, manuals that will help in the design and manufacture of products.
All the tools in the workshop are distributed according to their arrangement, and only pencils and pens are, as a rule, chaotically lying on the teacher’s desk. You can correct this situation and restore order among your office supplies. The object of development of a creative project is the installation, which can be called a stand for pencils and pens, a pencil holder. Its use will help keep stationery on the table in perfect order, and this product can also act as a pleasant and useful gift for loved ones.
Historical reference
The history of the emergence of a stand for writing instruments should be considered in parallel with the emergence of the writing instruments themselves. The history of the pencil begins in the 11th century. Artists then drew mainly with sticks made from a mixture of lead and zinc, sometimes called “silver pencils.” Graphite pencils have been known since the 16th century. Buyers, mostly artists, squeezed these graphite sticks between pieces of wood or twigs, wrapped them in paper or tied them with string. The first document mentioning a wooden pencil dates back to 1683. In Germany, the production of graphite pencils began in Nuremberg. The modern pencil was invented in 1794 by the French scientist and inventor Nicolas Jacques Conte. Modern leads use polymers, which make it possible to achieve the desired combination of strength and elasticity, making it possible to produce very thin leads for mechanical pencils (up to 0.3 mm).
The usual hexagonal shape of the pencil body was proposed at the end of the 11th century. Count Lothar von Fabercastle, noticing that round pencils often rolled off old surfaces. 2/3 of the material that makes up a simple pencil goes to waste when it is sharpened. This prompted the American Alonso Cros, a pioneer of modern writing instruments, to create a metal pencil in 1869, where the rod is held by metal clamps (collets) - a collet pencil. This humble beginning influenced the development of a whole group of products that are used everywhere today.
The original item, a pencil holder, is an example of office interior items from the first half of the 19th century.
Selecting a Product Option
What specific requirements should the future product - a pencil holder - satisfy? The following criteria can be distinguished:
1. Durability.
2. Reliability.
3. Manufacturability.
4. Aesthetics (design).
5. Convenience.
6. Security.
7. Cost-effective.
8. Eco-friendly.
9. Personal attractiveness.
If you analyze various magazines, books, websites, looking at the options for the finished product, you will find a very large number of them, so making the final choice is not at all easy.
However, we will focus on four possible basic options, based on our taste. These options fully comply with the requirements for the product described above.
P 
stand for pencils and pens
Rice. 1. Possible options products
We will evaluate the selected product options in accordance with established criteria. We will proceed from a six-point scale for assessing the qualities of each option. We will present the results in the form of a table.
| Property/product variant | ||||
| Strength | ||||
| Reliability | ||||
| Manufacturability | ||||
| Aesthetics (design) | ||||
| Convenience | ||||
| Safety | ||||
| Economical | ||||
| Environmental friendliness | ||||
| Personal attractiveness | ||||
| Sum of points |
Analysis of the results obtained allows us to conclude that the most optimal is Option 3, which scored large quantity points. Its main advantage is the original beautiful appearance(aesthetics). In addition, this option also implies variability: the shape of the product can be different (“hedgehog”, “fish”, “duck”, “ship”, “car”, etc.), which allows you to satisfy aesthetic tastes different people. So, let’s settle on the third option – the “Hedgehog” pencil holder.
Product sketch development
The pencil case consists of two main parts: the main element - the hedgehog and the base (stand), which are connected by a round spike (dowel).
Holes for stationery are drilled in the upper part of the case.
Rice. 2. Project product “Pencil”
Technological process of product manufacturing
| Sequence of work | Sketch, drawing | Tools, devices |
|
| Select a workpiece taking into account machining allowances (20x110x130), plan and sand all its sides Outline the template Make a series of cuts and use a chisel to make chips along the contour Process the workpiece along the contour (bring it to the line) Drill the required number of holes |
| Workbench, plane, sanding paper Blank, template, pencil Workbench, saw, chisel, mallet Files, sanding paper Drilling machine |
Calculation of the conditional cost of materials for the manufacture of a product
Having considered all aspects of manufacturing the “Pencil Holder” product, you can perform economic calculations.
The total volume of wood for the manufacture of pencil holder parts was V = 0.002 cubic meters. meter of wood.
1 cu. A meter of oak wood costs 6,000 rubles.
0.002 m3 x 6000 rub. = 12 rub.
When drilling on the machine for 20 minutes, it is consumed electrical energy:
0.4 kW x 0.34 h = 0.136 kW x h
0.136 x 1.51 rub. = 0.21 rub.
Upon completion of assembly, the product is coated with furniture varnish. 0.05 kg consumed.
1 kg of furniture varnish costs 145 rubles.
0.05 x 145 = 7.25 rub.
The total cost of materials is:
12 + 0.21 + 7.25 = 19.46 rubles.
Final control and evaluation of the project
So, the product - a pencil holder - is completely ready and meets the developed criteria. The product is durable, reliable, economical, because... Not a lot of materials were spent on its production. The technology for making a pencil holder includes those operations that are mastered in technology lessons: planing, sawing, drilling, stripping, etc. Since these operations are not complex and labor-intensive, the production of a pencil holder required a short time range.
The product is environmentally friendly, as it is made from natural material – wood. Also, the pencil holder turned out to be very convenient and safe to use.
In office supply stores, you can check prices for similar products and make sure that the cost of a pencil holder self-made significantly less. But, of course, we should not forget that the price of the finished product also includes expenses for wages workers, transporting goods to the store.
As a test and test, the product should be tested during a technology lesson. The pencil holder has been tested and found to be stable, comfortable, lightweight and useful.
Did you get the expected result? The initially planned product - a pencil holder - is ready, thanks to the knowledge and skills taught in wood processing technology lessons. Anyone can make a pencil holder with their own hands. In addition, by analyzing the calculations, we can conclude how profitable it is to create on your own. The main thing is to believe in yourself, that everything will definitely work out. Neither a simple nor a complex thing can be done without love for your work, without a creative approach to business. And creativity begins with the desire to do something with your own hands. To do means to create. Creation, creation, is a way out of the ordinary course of life, rising one step higher, discovering new possibilities in oneself.
Project protection
Defense of a creative project includes a report that describes:
Justification for choosing the theme of the creative project “Pencil”;
Research of various product options and rationale for choice best option;
Explanation of the sketch of the product parts and the manufacturing process;
Features of product manufacturing;
Calculation of the cost of materials for this product.
Ready product is presented to the expert commission for discussion and clarification of aspects of interest.
List of used literature
1) Yu.A. Zhadayev, A.V. Zhadaeva. Technology. Lesson plans for the section “wood processing technology” according to the V.D. program. Simonenko. 2006
2) Yu.E. Dolmatov, E.S. Golovanov. A manual for design work in the course “Technology for processing wood materials.”
3) A.M. Konovalenko. Fundamentals of carpentry., Kyiv, 1994.
4) L.N. Kreindlin. Carpentry work. 1978
5) M.B. Pavlov, J. Pitt, M.I. Guruvich, I.A. Sasova. Project method in technological education of schoolchildren: A manual for teachers. 2003
6) A.V. Khudyakov. Woodworking machinery. 1981
7) E.M. Muravyov, M.P. Well done. Workshop in educational workshops. (Wood and plastic processing). 1987
8) A.T. Tishchenko, V.D. Simonenko. Technology. Industrial technologies. 2012
9) A.T. Tishchenko, N.V. Tit. Technology. Technical labor. 2010
Creative project
TRACTOR
Project selection and justification
The main thing about this project is that the product can be made independently. The knowledge gained in the process of studying wood processing technology turned out to be sufficient to produce the “Tractor” product.
Making a product helps to consolidate previously studied material using the following technologies: “Marking wood blanks”, “Sawing wood”, “Drilling holes”, “Burning”, “Sanding products”, “Polishing”, “Varnishing products”.
The equipment of the training workshops allows me to complete this project, this work is not dangerous.
To manufacture the Tractor product, the following factors must be taken into account:
Economic Used
Construction costs equipment
Used
Interior TRACTOR materials
Control Technology Time
fabrication testing
Design requirements
When designing an object, one should take into account its reliability, durability, versatility, ease and simplicity of assembly, maximum weight and dimensions, design requirements (organicity and integrity of the external form, proportionality, harmonious line).
Material selection
Of the possible materials, wood turned out to be the most acceptable, since its cost is relatively low, it is easy to process, and lends itself well to artistic decoration. Wood is widely used in the national economy; furniture, paper, sports equipment and toys are made from it.
Wood has relatively high strength, is well processed with cutting tools, wooden parts are easily glued together, connected with nails and screws. Wood products have a beautiful appearance and that's why I used wood.
Product manufacturing technology
For manufacturing we use the following basic operations: marking the pattern, sawing, drilling, finishing the product, joining parts, varnishing.
The greatest difficulties are caused by the work associated with assembly and finishing, since there are many different options, and you need to choose the most optimal one.
Various product finishing options
Cleaning Burning Varnishing
METHODS Application
Burning
Coloring
Stain
Decorative
Inlay drilling
Stripping, staining and varnishing are all my jobs. That's why we choose these finishing methods.
After I cut out all the details of the product, I began preparing them. I previously cleaned the external and internal contours of the parts from burrs, irregularities and other possible errors. Then I started painting. Coloring in finishing products cannot be done independently; it is only used to highlight sanded wood with aniline paints, mordants, stains, and then the painted items are covered with finishing layers - varnishes. This color gives the wood the desired color, emphasizes the natural structure of the fibers (texture), and imitates the color of valuable species.
Various options for connecting product parts
Connection TYPES OF CONNECTION Connection
On nails on spikes
Connection Connection
with glue and screws
The parts of the product are assembled using glue and nails, making the connection strong and externally neat.
Selecting Tools
To make the product, I used the following tools: a pencil, a hacksaw, a drill with a set of drills for drilling holes, files, a set of needle files, a ruler, a student’s square, a compass,
Routing
Work sequence
Graphic
image
Tools,
devices
Making a tractor
Select a workpiece 80 X 80 X 130 mm
Mark the workpiece according to the template
Template, pencil
File according to the markings
Hacksaw, saw,
wooden vice
Saw off the side surface of the workpiece 2 at an angle of 45 0
Hacksaw, workbench, miter box
Perform planing
Workbench, plane
Mark the centers of the holes and drill them (Ø 3.2 mm)
Ruler, pencil, vice, drill, drill,
Blunt the ribs
Workbench, file
Clean the ends and polish the product
grinding
Chamfer 5 X 45 O
File
Paint the item with watercolor paint
Coat the product with varnish. Check the quality of the product.
Wheel making
Select workpiece
80 X 80 X 150 mm
Mark the workpiece and plan the edges of the octagon
Ruler, pencil, thicknesser, plane, workbench
Place the workpiece in the trident of the machine and grind Ø 70 mm and Ø 44 mm
Lathe, calipers,
Notch the ends
Lathe, ruler, hacksaw
Clear
Remove the part, saw off the ends and clean them
Fine-tooth hacksaw, file
Product assembly
Drill
holes in wheels Ø 3 mm
Drill
Install axles
on wheels
Welding electrode
Bucket installation
Tin can, solder, soldering iron
Economic costs
To make the product you will need:
Material
Price
Wood
1 m 3 - 3200 rub.
1 tube – 18 rub.
0.25 tube
1 bottle – 35 rub.
0.33 bottles,
1 bottle – 45 rub.
0.33 bottles,
60 rub.
Manufacturing the “Tractor” product does not require large economic costs (only 60 rubles), as well as time, it will take approximately 4-5 hours.
Used Books
1) Textbook “Technology.5,6 grades,” Simonenko V.D., 2000, Moscow;
2) Ryzhenko V.I. Woodworking, 2004, Moscow;
3) Ryzhenko V.I., Yurov V.I. Carpentry and turning works, 2004, Moscow
Prepared by Svetlana Anatolyevna Mikhailova, technology teacher at the Pushkinogorsk Secondary School named after A.S. Pushkin
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Project components
- A project is an independent creative completed work of a student, completed under the guidance of a teacher. It consists of two parts: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part of the project is an explanatory note, and the practical part is a specific model, product layout, video film, etc.
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1. Title page.
2. Table of contents.
3. Introduction.
4. Chapters of the main part.
5. Conclusion.
6. List of used literature.
7. Applications.
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Title page
It is the first page of the explanatory note and is filled out according to certain rules.
The full name is indicated in the top field educational institution. On average, the name of the project is given without the word “topic” and quotation marks. It should be as short and precise as possible - consistent with the main content of the project.
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If it is necessary to specify the title of the work, then you can give a subtitle, which should be extremely short and not turn into a new title.
Next, indicate the last name, first name, school number and class of the designer (in the nominative case). Then the surname and initials of the project manager.
The lower field indicates the place and year the work was performed (without the word “year”).
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Text should be written or printed using the following margin sizes:
Left - at least 30 mm
Right - at least 10 mm
Upper - at least 15 mm
Bottom - at least 20 mm
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It contains all the headings of the explanatory note and indicates the pages on which they are located. They cannot be shortened or given in a different wording, sequence or subordination.
All headings are written in capital letters and without a period at the end. The last word Each heading is connected by an ellipsis with its corresponding page number in the right column of the table of contents.
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Introduction
It substantiates the relevance of the chosen topic, the purpose and content of the tasks, formulates the planned result and the main problems considered in the project,
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interdisciplinary connections are indicated, who the project is intended for and what its novelty is.
The introduction also describes the main sources of information (official, scientific, literary, bibliographic).
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It is advisable to list the equipment and materials used during the project.
Relevance is a mandatory requirement for any project work. Its justification includes an assessment of the significance of the project and expected results, and the possibilities of their use in practice are revealed.
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From formulating the project goal, it is necessary to move on to specifying specific tasks to be solved in accordance with it. This is usually done in the form of an enumeration (study..., describe..., establish..., identify... etc.).
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Main part
The first chapter of the project (the beginning of the research) discusses the proposed methodology and technique for its implementation, provides a brief review of the literature and other materials on the topic (historical information, current state, market analysis, thinking star, etc.).
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- In the next chapter (search) it is necessary to develop a bank of ideas and proposals for solving the problem considered in the project. It is important to give an objective assessment of each of the proposed options, and you can use a number of specific criteria.
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Technological part of the project
- It is necessary to develop a sequence for executing the object. It may include a list of steps, technological map, which describes the algorithm of operations indicating tools, materials and processing methods.
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Design options1st option
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2nd option
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Special attention it is necessary to pay attention to the environmental assessment of the project: justification that:
a) the manufacture and operation of the designed product will not entail changes in environment, disorders in human life.
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b) possibly using production waste;
c) makes it possible to reuse product parts at the end of their service life.
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Conclusion
It consistently presents the results obtained, determines their relationship with the general goal and specific tasks formulated in the introduction, and gives students a self-assessment of the work they have done. In some cases, it becomes necessary to indicate ways to continue researching a topic, as well as specific tasks, which have to be solved.
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After the conclusion, it is customary to place a bibliographic list of used literature.
Each source included in it must be reflected in an explanatory note. All borrowings must necessarily have subscript references to where the given materials were taken from. Works that have not actually been used should not be included in the bibliography.
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Auxiliary or additional materials that clutter up the main part of the work are placed in appendices. The applications are very diverse in content and form. They can be text, tables, graphs, maps, drawings.
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Each application must begin on a new sheet (page) with the word “Appendix” in the upper right corner and have a thematic heading. If there is more than one application in the work, they are numbered in Arabic numerals (without the No. sign), for example: “Appendix 1”,
"Appendix 2", etc.
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The numbering of the pages on which appendices are given must be continuous and continue the general numbering of the main text. Its connection with applications is carried out through links that are used with the word “look” (see), enclosed together with the code in parentheses.
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The explanatory note is made handwritten, typewritten or using a computer on one side of a sheet of white paper, preferably in A4 format (210 x 297) with two to one and a half line spacing with the number of lines per page no more than 40. Each line should contain no more than 60-65 characters, taking into account spaces between words. The minimum font height is 1.8 mm (12 point).
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All illustrations in the project must be numbered. Their numbering is usually continuous, i.e. through all the work. If there is only one illustration in the project, it is not numbered. In the text of the illustration, references are made containing their serial numbers (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, etc.).
Each illustration must be provided with a caption that must correspond to its content and the main text.
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References
- L.N. Morozova, N.G. Kravchenko, O.V. Pavlova, Technology, grades 5-11, project activities students, Volgograd, publishing house "Teacher", 2008
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