How to fertilize trees in spring with urea and. Proper feeding of fruit trees and shrubs in spring. What fertilizers to feed fruit trees: phosphorus top dressing

In the spring, when the trees are just beginning to wake up from a long winter sleep, for their normal development and a high rate of fruitfulness, it is recommended to feed the trees in the spring with compounds containing nitrogen. They start vegetative processes, as a result of which your garden will grow more actively. Fruit bearing plants should be fed throughout the growing season.

When caring for a garden, fertilizing and fertilizing is an important process, without which you will not get either healthy and beautiful trees, or a big harvest. When properly performed, tree nutrition will not only provide them with important nutrients, but also significantly maintain soil fertility and improve its chemical and mechanical properties. Your cottage and garden will become the pride of the family!

How to feed fruit trees in spring

Spring feeding of fruit trees and shrubs is carried out with organic fertilizers:

Peat;
Peat feces;
Compost;
Manure;
Humus.

These fertilizers enrich the soil with nutritious vitamins and substances, and also have a beneficial effect on the condition of the soil.

The application of fertilizers is included in the mandatory list of works for spring care for apple trees. Approximately in mid-April, the first spring top dressing of pears and apple trees is performed. Already when the first leaves are visible on the trees, you can apply a fertilizer. Only root top dressing of an apple-tree is carried out. To do this, mixtures with nitrogen are introduced into the trunk circles. It could be:

urea,
humus
or ammonium nitrate.

Such mixtures activate vegetative processes in trees.

Fertilizers are applied to the soil when it is loosened or when digging. It is important to consider that fertilizers must be applied along the perimeter of the crown, where the ends of the main roots with suction roots are located.

Spring feeding of apple trees during flowering performed with nitrogen-containing mixtures. In the trunk circle for digging, under one tree, along the perimeter of the crown, and not the trunk, one of the following options is introduced:

urea - 500-600 gr;
ammonium nitrate and nitroammofska - 30-40 gr each;
humus - about 5 buckets.

After flowering, during the period of fruit ripening, apple trees are fed with one of the following options for liquid formulations from:

nitrophoska, sodium humate and water;
or 100 g of superphosphate and 60-70 g of potassium sulfate;
or 1.5-2 liters of liquid chicken manure;
or 0.5 buckets of slurry;
250-300 gr of urea.

In addition, each apple tree should receive more than three buckets of this composition. You can partially replace root top dressing with foliar top dressing. To do this, it will be enough to spray the trees with urea. This method can be applied after all the leaves have already appeared and grown on the apple tree. The tree absorbs useful substances through them and transfers them to the root system.

Cherry top dressing in spring

Even before flowering, the first top dressing is performed. cherries with urea or ammonium nitrate. Since there is still little foliage on the trees, it is better to apply liquid fertilizers to the soil.

During flowering, top dressing of trees in spring is carried out by the root method with the introduction of mixtures with nitrogen and organic matter.
During the flowering period of the tree, you can use chicken manure or green manure.

If you use litter, it is important to monitor its proportion and condition. An excess of this fertilizer can damage the roots of the tree.

After flowering, you can apply compost, manure and dry organic mixtures as top dressing. Without this, your tree will not bring the expected harvest. Fertilizer should be applied in liquid form to the trunk circles or for digging. Pay attention to the amount of precipitation. If there was little rain, then it is best to periodically pour liquid fertilizers into the soil.

How to feed a pear in spring

Pears, like other trees, need spring top dressing. It is fertilized with saltpeter or urea, sometimes chicken manure is used (this must be done carefully so as not to burn the tree). Saltpeter is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:50. The scheme of complementary foods for pears is very similar to complementary foods for cherries. Almost all top dressing of fruit trees in spring is the same. It is also very important to feed pear in May with the help of nitroammophoska, as well as during spring planting pears.

In order to properly apply the right amount of fertilizer, you need to understand that over the years, the area of \u200b\u200bthe pear trunk circle increases, therefore, more fertilizers need to be applied. Usually, the calculation is carried out per 1 square meter and multiplied by the area of the fertilized surface:

in a tree up to 4 years old, the area of \u200b\u200bthe free circle is 5 square meters. meters;
up to 8 years = 10 sq. m;
up to 12 years = 20 sq. m.

Approximate norms (in grams) for applying basic mineral fertilizers per 1 sq.m. fertilized area:

ammonium nitrate - 15-25,
urea - 10-20,
superphosphate - 40-60,
phosphate rock - 30-40,
potassium sulfate - 20-25,
potassium chloride - 15-20,
wood ash - 700,
complex fertilizers: ammophos - 70-80, nitroammophoska -70-80.

When preparing top dressing, adhere to the following ratio between the nutrients of fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium). It is desirable that it be 3:1:4.

That is, the best pear dressing in the spring will turn out if you take 3 parts ammonium nitrate(it contains 35% nitrogen) + 1 part superphosphate(it contains 14% digestible phosphoric acid) + 4 parts potassium sulfate(it contains 48% potassium oxide).

Feeding shrubs in spring

In the spring, it is very important not to forget that top dressing is also important for fruit and berry bushes. For top dressing raspberries, currants, blackberries, gooseberries, mountain ash in the spring will do:

potassium nitrate, nitrophoska or azofoska;
an excellent option for fertilizer would be ecofoska or "Kemira - station wagon" (3 tablespoons per 10 liters of water);
you can also use urea with ash (3 tablespoons of urea and 0.5 cups of ash are put into 10 liters of water);
you can mix fertilizers, here is one of the recipes: add a handful of saltpeter to 1 large bucket of manure humus and apply this mixture throughout the season at 5-10 kg per hundred square meters

When to feed currants, raspberries and other fruit bushes:

At the time of active flowering, this is mid-May;
During the active growth of new shoots, in early June;
At the time when the berries are tied and poured, this is the second half of June - July;
The last time it is better to feed the shrubs after picking berries.

Any root top dressing is applied under shrubs after heavy watering or rain.

When overfeeding, young shoots do not mature well and are more damaged by frost; pests and diseases gather on such bushes “with pleasure”. Everyone is able to determine a sufficient amount of complementary foods on their own, by growth. If the growth of raspberry shoots over the summer exceeds 1.8-2 m, then the dose should be reduced.

Top dressing of spruces in spring and other coniferous ornamental trees in spring

After planting spruce and other conifers, during the first five to seven years they need to be fed with organic or complex mineral fertilizers twice per season.

First dressing organic applied in early spring (as soon as the snow melts, fertilizers are applied to moist soil). The second in late June - early July.
Top dressing with mineral slow-acting fertilizer for the roots of coniferous trees is applied once, in the spring. If they are introduced later, the tree will slowly wood (nitrogen leads to the formation of new young branches) and will not prepare for winter, and as a result it may freeze.

The best top dressing for coniferous plants is considered to be ripe compost, which is placed under the roots of trees 3 cm thick and lightly dropped with a shovel, mixing with the existing top layer so that top dressing enters the soil faster. If there is no compost or humus available, then it will be replaced by fertilizers based on biohumus, which are sold in liquid form. They are diluted in water, then complex mineral fertilizers can be added to the solution.

How to feed fruit trees in spring

Spring feeding of fruit trees and shrubs is carried out with organic fertilizers:

Peat;
Peat feces;
Compost;
Manure;
Humus.

These fertilizers enrich the soil with nutritious vitamins and substances, and also have a beneficial effect on the condition of the soil.

The application of fertilizers is included in the mandatory list of works on Approximately in mid-April, the first spring top dressing of pears and apple trees is performed. Already when the first leaves are visible on the trees, you can apply a fertilizer. Only root top dressing of an apple-tree is carried out. To do this, mixtures with nitrogen are introduced into the trunk circles. It could be:

urea,
humus
or ammonium nitrate.

Such mixtures activate vegetative processes in trees.

urea - 500-600 gr;
ammonium nitrate and nitroammofska - 30-40 gr each;
humus - about 5 buckets.

After flowering, during the period of fruit ripening, apple trees are fed with one of the following options for liquid formulations from:

nitrophoska, sodium humate and water;
or 100 g of superphosphate and 60-70 g of potassium sulfate;
or 1.5-2 liters of liquid chicken manure;
or 0.5 buckets of slurry;
250-300 gr of urea.

Cherry top dressing in spring

Even before flowering, the first top dressing is performed with urea or ammonium nitrate. Since there is still little foliage on the trees, it is better to apply liquid fertilizers to the soil.

During flowering, top dressing of trees in spring is carried out by the root method with the introduction of mixtures with nitrogen and organic matter.
During the flowering period of the tree, you can use chicken manure or green manure.

If you use litter, it is important to monitor its proportion and condition. An excess of this fertilizer can damage the roots of the tree.

How to feed a pear in spring

in a tree up to 4 years old, the area of \u200b\u200bthe free circle is 5 square meters. meters;
up to 8 years = 10 sq. m;
up to 12 years = 20 sq. m.

Approximate norms (in grams) for applying basic mineral fertilizers per 1 sq.m. fertilized area:

ammonium nitrate - 15-25,
urea - 10-20,
superphosphate - 40-60,
phosphate rock - 30-40,
potassium sulfate - 20-25,
potassium chloride - 15-20,
wood ash - 700,
complex fertilizers: ammophos - 70-80, nitroammophoska -70-80.

When preparing top dressing, adhere to the following ratio between the nutrients of fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium). It is desirable that it be 3:1:4.

Feeding shrubs in spring

In the spring, it is very important not to forget that top dressing is also important for fruit and berry bushes. For top dressing, currants, blackberries, gooseberries, mountain ash in the spring will do:

potassium nitrate, nitrophoska or azofoska;
an excellent option for fertilizer would be ecofoska or "Kemira - station wagon" (3 tablespoons per 10 liters of water);
you can also use urea with ash (3 tablespoons of urea and 0.5 cups of ash are put into 10 liters of water);
you can mix fertilizers, here is one of the recipes: add a handful of saltpeter to 1 large bucket of manure humus and apply this mixture throughout the season at 5-10 kg per hundred square meters

When to feed currants, raspberries and other fruit bushes:

At the time of active flowering, this is mid-May;
During the active growth of new shoots, in early June;
At the time when the berries are tied and poured, this is the second half of June - July;
The last time it is better to feed the shrubs after picking berries.

Any root top dressing is applied under shrubs after heavy watering or rain.

Top dressing of spruces in spring and other coniferous ornamental trees in spring

After planting spruce and other conifers, during the first five to seven years they need to be fed with organic or complex mineral fertilizers twice per season.

First dressing organic applied in early spring (as soon as the snow melts, fertilizers are applied to moist soil). The second in late June - early July.
Top dressing with mineral slow-acting fertilizer for the roots of coniferous trees is applied once, in the spring. If they are introduced later, the tree will slowly wood (nitrogen leads to the formation of new young branches) and will not prepare for winter, and as a result it may freeze.

Spring feeding of fruit trees and shrubs is the most important agrotechnical event, which determines the further growth of crops, their decorative properties and fruiting. Fertilizers applied in the spring saturate the soil with nutrients necessary for plants, which contribute to abundant flowering, ovary formation, and increased yields. Fruit crops grow for many years in the same soil, from which they continuously consume nutrients. Fertilizers introduced in the fall are not able to fully cover the need of plants for useful elements. Therefore, by spring, when the intensive growth of trees resumes, the soil is in dire need of mineral and organic top dressing. The lack of nutrients during the growing season can seriously weaken the plants, which will certainly affect fruiting and fruit quality.

With the onset of heat, growth and vegetation are activated in plants, and these processes are best carried out with the participation of nitrogen. Therefore, for fertilizing the garden in early spring, nitrogen-containing products are among the first to be used. The second most important are potassium and phosphorus. They are introduced later, at the stage of intensive growth and flowering.

Important for the development of fruit trees in the spring are substances such as hydrogen, carbon, magnesium, calcium, iron, sulfur. If trees consume hydrogen and carbon from the soil, then they need to deliver chemical elements through the introduction of complex mineral mixtures. Ready-made industrial mixtures are more effective, as they also contain many microelements: copper, manganese, cobalt, boron in a form accessible to plants. From organic materials, manure of various origins (bird, cow, pig), peat, compost can be used as fertilizer in the spring. Green manure crops introduced in autumn give a good effect. By spring, they completely rot and form an effective natural fertilizer. Green manure is recommended to be grown on sandy and sandy soils, where the lack of humus is especially felt.

The first fertilizing with nitrogen is necessary for all fruit and berry crops without exception. For each species, you can choose the most optimal fertilizer option, but for this you need to know which plants to feed with what:

it is good to fertilize apple and pear trees with urea, humus, ammonium nitrate, droppings, after flowering it is necessary to add superphosphate, a potash agent (potassium sulfate);
for cherries, plums, the first dressing in spring may consist of urea, or ammonium nitrate, during flowering - from bird droppings, at the end of flowering - from manure, compost, dry organic mixtures;
berry bushes in the spring are fertilized with potassium nitrate, nitrophoska, you can also add ash with urea (3 tablespoons of urea, 0.5 cups of ash / 10 l of water) under the root, or rotted manure with the addition of saltpeter (1 bucket of manure / a handful of saltpeter).

Video "Expert opinion on feeding"

Video review of the most popular top dressings for fruit trees, as well as useful fertilizer tips.

What to do in March

The first feeding of fruit crops is carried out in early spring, when the snow cover has just begun to melt. During this period, nitrogen-containing agents are used - industrial mineral mixtures that stimulate the vegetative process. Soluble mineral fertilizers are recommended to be scattered on top of the snow in the near-stem circles, which had to be well loosened in the fall. Such a surface fertilization of the soil is good because the melt water, penetrating into the ground, will dissolve and pull nitrogen with it. Nitrogen products are evenly distributed around the trunks within a radius of about 50 cm - ideally, the radius of top dressing is outlined by the width of the crown. It is in this zone that there is the largest number of root endings that actively absorb useful elements. An adult tree needs 2-4 handfuls of a nitrogen mixture (100-120 g), a young one is enough, about 40 g.

When carrying out top dressing, attention should be paid to the location of the landing. If the site is located on a slope, it is better to wait a little while applying top dressing, since the product can be washed away by melt water, which usually does not linger on slopes. It is also undesirable to apply the mixture to frozen ground with a lot of snow - in this case, the fertilizer will lie on the soil surface for a long time, due to which nitrogen can partially evaporate.

When applying nitrogen-containing preparations in the spring, the dosage should be observed - the principle "the more the better" does not apply here. Excess nitrogen in the soil can provoke fungal diseases, as well as weaken the immunity of plants. Experienced gardeners do not recommend feeding trees with complex mixtures labeled "spring". In such products, as a rule, the concentration of nitrogen is very high, in addition, potassium and phosphorus are present in their composition, which should be added a little later.

For seedlings and young fruit trees, organic top dressing with urea, liquid manure and droppings is more suitable. These fertilizers are diluted with water and applied directly to the soil under a tree or bush. When preparing an organic solution, it is recommended to adhere to the following ratio: 300 g urea / 10 liters of water, 1.5 liters of liquid manure / 10 liters of water, 4 liters of liquid manure / 10 liters of water. The approximate consumption of the solution per tree is 4-5 liters.

What to feed in April

April is the period of flowering and active formation of the deciduous part, so it's time to feed the garden trees with potassium and phosphorus. Both elements are necessary for the strengthening and normal growth of trees. Phosphorus strengthens the roots, promotes their growth and fixation in the soil. Potassium promotes the formation of side shoots, so it is especially important for young trees and seedlings.

It is desirable to use these components separately, therefore complex complex mixtures containing both components will not work in this case. Phosphorus fertilizer (superphosphate) is best applied in the first half of April, deepening it into the soil of the root zone in close proximity to the roots. For each adult tree, 60 g of the product is required, for a young tree half a serving is enough.

It is not advisable to introduce potassium in its pure form - it is better if it is included in simple mixtures: potassium sulfate, potassium magnesia, potassium salt, furnace ash. Potash fertilizer is applied at a dosage of 20-25 g/1 tree.

At the end of flowering, garden trees can be pampered with organic matter. In April, be sure to pay attention to feeding pears and apple trees. Many people prefer to use the so-called green fertilizer for this purpose, which must be prepared in advance, since it takes 3 weeks to ripen. The cut grass should be placed in a barrel, filled with water, covered with polyethylene, in which small holes should be made, and insisted. The finished product is diluted with water 1:10 and applied to the root zone.

Fertilizers in May

In the last month of spring, the formation of the ovary occurs and the growth of fruits begins, so fruit crops must be additionally fed with organic materials: rotted manure, compost, biohumus. In the absence of organic fertilizer, you can purchase a complex mixture with a slight predominance of nitrogen, which is most suitable for this type of soil. In May, fertilizer can be applied in different ways:

to close up in depressions in the soil;
dig with the ground;
mix with loosened earth in the near-trunk zone;
mix with mulch, as well as straw, rotten leaves.

To fertilize apple and pear trees, you can use mineral and organic products at the same time. In mid-May, during the period of active flowering, it is necessary to feed the berry bushes - apply liquid manure or urea under the root with a small addition of saltpeter, ash. May top dressing with mineral mixtures can also be carried out foliarly. In this case, the crown treatment solution should be slightly weaker than indicated in the instructions. It should be understood that the green part absorbs nutrients well and the trees are saturated faster, but still, root dressing is preferable, since microelements with this method of application remain in the soil longer.

What you need to know

When growing fruit and berry crops, you need to know what subtleties and features should be taken into account in the process of feeding:

the root system of any plant absorbs the subcortex better in liquid form;
young trees in the first year of life do not fertilize - seedlings should be fertilized only after full rooting, which is achieved, as a rule, in the second year after planting;
it is advisable to apply any remedy in the evening, in cloudy weather;
it is better to apply dry fertilizers to moist soil, when applying dry compost, manure, the soil must be well watered - the exception is nitrogen mixtures scattered over the snow in spring;
liquid solutions are applied only to wet soil - top dressing in dry soil can lead to root burns;
in the first years of a tree's life, the effect of applying fertilizer is less noticeable than during the period of growing up and active fruiting;
the root system of an adult fruit tree significantly exceeds the boundaries of the crown projection (on average by 0.5 meters);
in fertile soils, organic fertilizer can be applied not annually, but once every 2-3 years, poor soils need annual and repeated feeding;
lime fertilizer can be applied to the soil no more than once every 5-6 years.

Every gardener knows that getting a high yield is impossible without special top dressing in the spring. Fertilizer, correctly and timely applied during the growing season, plays an important role in the further development of the plant - it increases its chances for a healthy existence and successful fruiting.

Video "Care for fruit trees and shrubs"

Informative video about the care, fertilization of trees to improve fertility and pest control.

Fertilizing with mineral and organic fertilizers is extremely important for seedlings in the first years of their life. Usually not very fertile soil is allocated for gardens, so fertilization is the only way to improve the quality of the soil. In soil rich in nutrients, planted crops are more likely to take root, grow and develop better. At the initial stage of growth, plants absorb a lot of organic substances, micro- and macroelements. Fertilizers during this period should be applied intensively and be varied so that the plants do not lack any element. Only complex feeding of young trees will help to grow healthy crops, which will further affect their fruiting and crop quality.

If the soil was filled correctly, then in the first year after planting, the plants do not need any top dressing. Proper filling of the soil involves the application of organic or complex fertilizers, which contain all the necessary nutrients in sufficient quantities. Most of all, planted plants need nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus - these substances must be added additionally, since initially they are few in the soil. No less important for planted trees are carbon, oxygen and hydrogen - these components are absorbed by plants from the soil, but on poor soils they may be deficient. Relatively little plants require calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper and other elements at the initial stage of growth.

The need for fertilizer also depends on the type of fruit crops. For example, seedlings of apple, quince and pear trees consume more nutrients, preferably of organic origin. Stone fruits (plum, cherry, apricot) are less picky - they can be fed with both organic and mineral mixtures. And at the same time, the lack of any element will not significantly affect their development.

Unfortunately, it often happens that plants after planting cannot take root for a long time, start to hurt, and may even die. You can determine which element is missing for the harmonious development of young trees by the following external signs:

a lack of nitrogen is indicated by a pale color of greenery, weak stems and small leaves;

a lack of potassium can be determined by the spotty, yellow or brown color of the foliage, the leaf plates become wrinkled, dry out along the edge;

with a lack of magnesium, the formation of chlorophyll is disrupted, the leaves become light, and then turn yellow and die (fall off);

a lack of phosphorus is evidenced by small, dark, almost black, drying leaves, the problem most often begins to develop from the lower part of the plant;

iron deficiency is manifested in the drying of the edges of leaves and shoots; seedlings of apple, pear, plum, raspberry and grape trees are very sensitive to iron deficiency;

the lack of copper is indicated by the whitened tips of the leaves, the greens lose their elasticity and then die off.

An informative video with helpful tips on fertilizing young plants.

nitrogen fertilizers

The need for seedlings in nitrogen occurs 2-3 years after planting, provided that this element is sufficiently introduced when planting the plant. Nitrogen is mostly introduced in the spring, when the vegetation process is especially active, and in a small amount in late autumn. Spring top dressing is carried out at the rate of 20 g / m. sq. near-stem circle, for fertile soils it is enough to apply 10 g / m. sq. You can fertilize the soil with nitrogen using the following means:

ammonium nitrate is a granular fertilizer containing up to 35% pure ammonium nitrate and up to 14% sulfur, thanks to which the mixture is well absorbed by plants. You can feed the plants with saltpeter both in dry and liquid form: when embedding granules in the soil around the trunks, the norm is 15-20 g / 1 sq. m, to prepare an aqueous solution, you need 20-30 g / 10 l of water;

urea (carbamide) - a mineral fertilizer containing nitrogen in an easily digestible form - plants in the second year after planting can be fertilized with a dry mixture by embedding them in the near-stem circle, also planted trees can be fed with a liquid solution at the rate of 0.5 kg of urea / 10 l of water (solution crown and trunk are sprayed).

It is not recommended to fertilize weak and not strengthened seedlings after planting at the end of the growing season and in autumn with nitrogen preparations - this will prolong their growth period and reduce frost resistance.

Phosphorus-potassium mixtures

Potash and phosphate fertilizers are recommended to be applied in the fourth year after planting trees. Potassium, phosphorus and complex mixtures containing these elements are introduced mainly in autumn, as they contain substances that are difficult for plants to digest. Only fruit-bearing crops should be fertilized with phosphorus and potassium in the spring. If by the fourth year the tree begins to bear fruit, then it must be fed during the formation of the fruit ovary. Potassium fertilization can be carried out by applying the following fertilizer:

potassium salt - contains 40% potassium, is a universal fertilizer for all crops, applied to the soil in autumn;

potassium sulphate - contains 50% of the main substance, is used as the main fertilizer for fruit crops, due to the absence of chlorine, the drug can be applied in the spring.

Phosphorus top dressing can be carried out using the following mixtures:

superphosphate - granular fertilizer contains up to 20% phosphoric acid, as the main nutrition, the mixture should be fertilized at the rate of 30-40 g / m. sq.,

phosphate rock - depending on the type, it contains from 15 to 35% phosphorus, any fruit crops can be fertilized with the product by embedding in loose soil, it has a neutralizing property on acidic soils.

You can also fertilize fruit crops with complex preparations: nitrophoska (contains potassium 12%, phosphorus and nitrogen), diammophoska (potassium and phosphorus 26%, nitrogen - 10%), special mixtures "Autumn", "AVA", which, in addition to potassium and phosphorus, contain some trace elements.

Products based on organic substances

The universal and most valuable fertilizer for seedlings of fruit crops is the manure of animals and birds. It is introduced into the soil in the third year after planting at the rate of 5-6 kg/m. sq. circumferential circle. Bird droppings, especially chicken droppings, are most useful. It is applied as a fertilizer to the soil in the spring. To feed fruit crops, litter should be diluted with water in the proportion of 1 kg / 10 l of water, then insist for several days. Dry manure is recommended to be applied in autumn at the rate of 0.3 kg/m. sq.

Fresh manure from cows, horses, pigs is not recommended. For fertilizing seedlings, only humus (rotted manure) should be used. Fertilizing with manure is carried out in the fall no more than 1 time / 2-3 years; on poor soils, plants can be fed more often.

Peat as a fertilizer is not as effective as manure, but when applied for digging, it improves the structure of the soil and increases air permeability. Furnace ash contains phosphorus, potassium and lime. It lowers the acidity of the soil, so podzolic and soddy soils are recommended to be fertilized with ash. Ash is added at the rate of 100-120 g/sq. m. It can be mixed with any other organic top dressing, or prepare an aqueous solution for root application.

Fertilizer with compost

Compost is considered a very valuable organic fertilizer. It enriches the soil with humus, improves aeration, helping to increase soil fertility. In addition, compost contains a large amount of trace elements and nutrients necessary for the growth of young trees. Using high-quality compost for feeding the garden, you can completely do without the use of mineral preparations and mixtures.

Most gardeners prefer to fertilize fruit tree seedlings exclusively with homemade compost. Everyone knows that when planting seedlings, the soil should be well fed so that the plants do not experience a lack of nutrients at the start of their development. Therefore, experienced gardeners are preparing for planting young animals in advance. Since autumn, they have been digging holes into which various organic wastes intended for compost are poured: dry leaves, peat, sawdust, dry tops and other materials. Then sprinkle the pits with a small amount of earth, cover, and leave until spring. Over the winter, the waste will turn into compost, which will serve as a good organic top dressing for the planted trees during the first year of life.

In the future, it is recommended to apply compost for crops in the third year after planting, but with a lack of humus in the soil, it may be necessary to apply it in the second year. It is necessary to make compost for seedlings in the fall (from mid-September to early October) - it is still warm at this time, so part of the nutrients will be absorbed by the crops in the fall, which will help them adapt and survive the winter. Fertilizer should be shallowly dug into the top layer of soil near the stem circles. Alternatively, you can simply spread it around the trunk and sprinkle it a little with earth.

Video "How to properly care for seedlings"

An informative video on how to care for young grapes. These tips can be used for most other fruit plants as well.

When caring for a young garden, good development and fruiting of fruit trees cannot be achieved without the systematic use of fertilizers, especially in areas of the non-chernozem zone.

For the successful growth of trees in young garden, accelerating their entry into the time of fruiting and creating conditions for further high and regular yields is of great importance fertilizer application. The best results are shown by the combined application of organic and mineral fertilizers.

The use of organic fertilizers in the care of a young garden

Wide range of care applications young garden should get first organic fertilizers(manure, compost, peat, peat feces and others), which not only provide the nutrients necessary for the trees, but also improve the soil structure, which is destroyed by digging and frequent loosening.

Manure is brought in in the fall, for digging the soil, having previously scattered it evenly on the surface of the near-stem circle in the amount of 4-6 kilograms per 1 square meter. This will amount to 15-20 kilograms for one two-three-year-old tree, 30-40 kilograms for a five-six-year-old tree, and 50-70 kilograms for a seven-ten-year-old tree.

Compost also has a good effect on fruit trees. Compost is prepared from household waste in specially arranged heaps. Compost heaps are a must for every household. Compost can be made from tree leaves, fallen needles, vegetable tops, weeds, rotten straw and chaff, soot, house rubbish, kitchen waste, road dust, etc.

The compost pile is made 1.5-2 meters wide (at the base), 1-1.5 meters high and of any length (depending on the amount of material). Lay it on a special cleared and rammed area. Tops, house debris and other household waste and weeds, when laid in a compost heap, are interbedded with soil. The soil layer should be 5-6 centimeters thick. Compost, so that it is always moderately moist, is watered from time to time or, even better, with slop or slurry. It is useful to add lime, crushed limestone and ash to the compost.

Once or twice a summer (after two or three months), the compost heap is thoroughly shoveled and laid again. Shoveling accelerates the decomposition of waste. When the compost turns into a homogeneous mass, it can be used for fertilizer. Norms, terms and depth of composting are the same as for manure.

Valuable fertilizer when caring for a young garden is "night gold" (faeces). It is better to mix it with peat, to prepare the so-called peat faeces. For this purpose, they take fine, well-decomposed peat, put it in a layer of 20 centimeters and pour it abundantly with liquid feces. After watering, a second layer of the same thickness is laid on the first layer of peat and also watered, and this is done until the pile reaches a height of 1.5 meters. After that, it is covered with peat and left to decompose.

Peat feces can also be prepared directly in cesspools - latrines. To do this, peat is poured into the pit every two or three days and mixed with a pole with the contents of the pit. Peat feces is a very strong fertilizer: its application rate is two to three times lower than the rate of manure.

In areas where there is no peat, compost, manure and even ordinary soil are used to prepare fecal fertilizers.

When caring for a young garden, bird droppings should also be used. It is applied at 100-150 grams per 1 square meter of the trunk circle. But it is better to give this fertilizer in the form of liquid top dressing in the first half of summer.

Good fertilizer - furnace ash, containing potassium, phosphorus and lime. Ashes are added at about 100-150 grams per 1 square meter (a glass of furnace ash weighs about 125 grams). The use of ash gives particularly good results on soddy-podzolic soils of the non-chernozem zone, lowering their acidity. In this case, the application rate of ash is increased by at least two to three times.

As a fertilizer, you can use pond, lake and river or decomposed garbage from landfills.

The use of mineral fertilizers for young garden care

If there are mineral fertilizers, then you need to use them.

They are divided into nitrogen (ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, montan nitrate), phosphoric (superphosphate, tomasslag, phosphate rock) and potassium (potassium salt 30- and 40% and potassium chloride). Nitrogen mineral fertilizers have a good effect on the growth of trees in most areas. Better everywhere is a complete mineral fertilizer, including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.

Mineral fertilizers contribute at the rate of approximately 8-10 grams of the active ingredient of each type of fertilizer per 1 square meter. For example, ammonium sulphate (ammonium sulfate) contains 20 percent nitrogen. Therefore, 40-50 grams of ammonium sulfate must be added per 1 square meter.

In one glass, it will fit from 150 grams (superphosphate, ammonium sulfate) to 250 grams (potassium salt) mineral fertilizers.

The amount of mineral fertilizers that must be applied under one tree, depending on its age and the size of the trunk circle, is given in the table.

Montane saltpeter contributes 20 percent, and ammonium nitrate 40 percent less than ammonium sulphate. Double superphosphate contribute two times less than usual.

Phosphorus and potash fertilizers, and partly nitrogen fertilizers, are applied in autumn, for deep digging. These fertilizers are best applied in granular form. Phosphorus and potash fertilizers can also be applied in liquid form in pockets into wells made with scrap, a depth of 30-40 centimeters; wells are made approximately two pieces per 1 square meter.
The main mass of nitrogen fertilizers (about two-thirds) is better to apply in the spring, during the first spring loosening.

Approximate amount of mineral fertilizers applied under one tree (in grams):

Diameter (width) trunk- leg circle (in meters)	Square trunk- leg circle (in sq. meters)	ammonium sulphate			Superphosphate			Potassium salt 40%
		when fertilizing			when fertilizing			when fertilizing
		weak	average	\| strong	weak	average	strong	weak	average	\| strong
2 3 4 5	3 7 12 20	100 200 400 600	150 300 600 900	200 400 800 1200	150 300 550 850	225 450 800 1300	300 600 1 100 1700	50 100 200 300	75 150 300 450	100 200 400 600

With the combined use of mineral and organic fertilizers, their application rates are halved against those indicated.
When mixing fertilizers, you must adhere to the established rules. It is best to mix them just before applying to the soil.

Fertilizing fruit trees young garden care

Great value for at In the course of a young garden, fruit trees are fed, which is widely used by the foremost gardeners.

For top dressing, first of all, you need to use local organic fertilizers.: slurry, urine, fermented solutions of bird and cow droppings, etc. For liquid feeding, slurry and animal urine are diluted with 5 parts of water, and feces and bird droppings are diluted with 10-12 parts.

You can also feed fruit trees only with nitrogen or complete mineral fertilizer.

Mineral fertilizers when top dressing can be applied in liquid and dry form.. With dry soil, the near-trunk circles are pre-watered before top dressing. In case of fractional application, the indicated average rate is divided into parts according to the number of top dressings: each time the corresponding part (half or third of the rate) is applied. The first top dressing is given in the spring, during bud break, the second - two or three weeks after the first, during increased shoot growth (in the central regions - in June), and the third - two to three weeks after the second.

Considering that nitrogen fertilizers, if applied untimely, cause a delay in growth, they should be fed only during spring and the first half of summer or late autumn.

It is necessary to fertilize the garden annually on poor soils and once every two or three years on the rest. In the first year after planting, they are limited to mulching tree trunks with manure, humus, compost, etc.

Podzolic soils, in addition, should still be limed. Lime or ground limestone is applied once every five to seven years, on average, 1.5 kilograms per 1 square meter. The best time to apply lime is autumn.

Video: How and what to fertilize fruit trees

In this video, an expert will tell you about how to properly fertilize fruit trees and what exactly.

Video: Apple Orchard Technology

When caring for a young garden, it is necessary to ensure the survival of all planted fruit trees, create conditions for good growth of seedlings and build the correct tree crown, as well as ensure early entry of trees into the fruiting season.