Peking cabbage growing business. Own business: growing white cabbage Ready-made business plan for growing broccoli

Growing broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica)

general information

Broccoli is a cold-resistant crop closely related to cabbage and cauliflower. It is highly nutritious and considered an anti-cancer food. Broccoli is high in vitamin A, calcium and riboflavin (B2). The edible portion of broccoli consists of a delicate stem and unopened buds.

The soil

Virtually all soils in good condition are suitable for growing broccoli. The most suitable are fertile dry soils, ranging from sandy to clayey. Soil pH should be 6.0-6.5. The lime content is adjusted according to the results of the soil analysis. Organic soils do not require such a high pH level.

Fertilization

The fertilization rate should depend on the results of the soil analysis. This recommendation is general in nature:

N: 225-250 kg N / ha, mineral free N + 50 kg 6 weeks after transplanting.

P: 50-70 kg P205 / ha (positively affects the quality of the heads).

K: 150-250 kg K20 / ha, with higher doses, magnesium consumption will decrease.

Mg: 100 kg MgO / ha to reduce the risk of soft rot.

Boron: 2 kg boron / ha, (active ingredient). Use Borax or Solubor. This prevents small heads and rotten stems from appearing.

Irrigation

If dry weather is established after sowing and / or planting, irrigation is necessary (irrigate before spraying weed control chemicals). Irrigation is also necessary during cultivation in a nursery. After transplanting, for good maturation and development of the crop, the watering level should be 10-15 mm (if possible).

Broccoli requires a lot of moisture. With its lack, the growth of culture slows down and its quality deteriorates. The level and frequency of watering depend on the type of soil, environmental conditions, cultivation technology, etc.

Sowing and transplanting

To obtain early varieties, seedlings must be grown in greenhouses. This can be done either in cassettes or in peat pots. At the germination stage, the temperature should be 18oC, and after the cabbage has sprouted, the minimum temperature should be 12oC.

For summer and fall varieties, open-root seedlings can also be grown in open nurseries. In this case, 60-70% of the seeds usually germinate. Germination big influence are influenced by such factors as water, seed quality, etc. Main fertilization: ± 5-7 kg 12-10-15 (NPK) per 100m2; contribute to early stages cultivation. The optimum plant density is about 150-200 per m2. This means 300 - 350 seeds per m2 are sown. It is preferable to keep the distance between rows 9-10 cm, and in a row - from 1.5 to 3 cm. The sowing depth should be 1-1.5 cm. A week before planting, the plants must be hardened.

Growing Guide

For autumn varieties, the distance can be changed to 60 x 45 or 60 x 50 to avoid fungal or bacterial contamination.

			Distance (cm)	Harvesting
Early varieties	mid Feb / early Apr	ser marta / mid May	50 x 40 / 50 x50	mid June / early July
Summer varieties	early April / mid May	start May / mid June	50 x 40 / 50 x50	beginning of July / end of August
Autumn (early)	mid May / mid June	mid June / beginning of July	50 x 40 / 50 x50	end of August / end of September
Autumn (late)	mid June / early July	beginning of July / beginning of August	50 x 40 / 50 x50	end of sep / mid November

Harvesting

It is always very difficult to determine the time of harvest. The heads must be cut off before the flower buds open. If the buds have already blossomed, and a yellow flower has become visible, then the head is overripe and not suitable for sale. Cut the heads 14 to 16 cm long (from the base of the stem to the top of the head). The weight of the head should be approximately 250-300 grams. Broccoli is harvested early in the morning because it fades quickly in the sun. The harvest period is about 1-2 weeks.

A few days after the central head was cut off, small lateral shoots appear on the stem. They are very good for freezing. To harvest on time, the crop must be cut every 2-3 days. On average, the harvest in one field is harvested 4-6 times.

A light frost does not harm broccoli, so the harvest time in the fall is delayed until the first frost. Frosts damage the heads more severely, which, as a result, become unsuitable for sale.

With the advent of pre-cooling, it has become very popular to pack broccoli immediately after harvest. It is cut and packaged right in the field. The broccoli crates are then stacked on pallets and transported to the pre-cooling chamber.

Shelf life

Broccoli is a crop with a limited shelf life (approximately 1-2 weeks), so it is very important to transport the heads in cool conditions. They should look healthy, fresh, intact and strong. If the buds begin to open and yellow flower petals appear, then the head is overripe and unsuitable for implementation. Here are some guidelines for maintaining the quality of your broccoli:

The heads must be cut off before the flower buds open. If they open and yellow petals appear, the heads are unsuitable for sale.

Do not cut off damaged heads. They are unsuitable for implementation and will not last long.

Cut broccoli in cool conditions (such as early in the morning).

Store heads cool if possible. Optimum conditions: temperature 0oC - 1oC and humidity 90-95%. In this case, the shelf life will be 1-2 weeks. Cool the heads before packing.

Heads must be sealed to prevent darkening. This can be done with a shrink wrap film. It is important that it completely covers the head. In this case, the entire head will be protected from darkening.

Weed control

Mechanical method

After transplanting, weeds can be controlled mechanically.

Chemical method

Many weeds are treated with chemicals. Before using them, make sure that you have complete information about them: how they affect weeds and the crop itself, what is their shelf life and how they are used. If you have any doubts, consult an expert or specialist.

Pests and diseases

general information

Broccoli can infect several types of caterpillars. On the leaves and stems, you can find cabbage scoop, turnip whitewash, cabbage moth, cabbage moth and box worm. Cabbage aphids are also a dangerous pest for broccoli.

It is recommended to start pest control in the early stages of crop development and continue to do so constantly. There are many different pesticides and other crop protection products on the market. All of them can be safe and effective in correct use and conversely, useless and even dangerous if misused. If in doubt, consult an expert. It is very important to track the earliest signs of infection and take appropriate action immediately. It is known that prevention is always better than cure. Take preventive action whenever possible.

Caterpillars

Holes appear on the leaves, and as a result, large veins may remain from the leaves. The caterpillars themselves are yellow, with black dots, which later turn into large black spots.

If disturbed, the caterpillars begin to shake their heads threateningly from side to side. They stick together, and only at the end of their life cycle migrate to neighboring plants. After about 4 weeks, the caterpillars pupate. This process takes about 2-3 weeks. There are offspring, which leads to even more damage.

Cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae L

In spring and summer, aphids develop parthenogenetically (self-birth of larvae), giving up to 15 generations per season, first wingless, and then winged individuals. In autumn, females lay eggs.

The first symptoms of damage are the appearance of small yellow spots on the upper side of the leaves. many aphids live on the bottom. Her saliva contains ingredients that cause disturbances in the growth of crops; swelling appears on the leaves, which may increase. Also very dangerous are the wax excretion of aphids, which makes the heads unsuitable for sale.

Cabbage moth Plutella xylostella L

Butterfly, wingspan 14-17 mm. The forewings are narrow, brownish-brown, with a white wavy stripe along the posterior margin. The hindwings are gray with fringes. Caterpillar 7-12 mm long, fusiform, light green. Females lay eggs one at a time or in groups on the leaves of cruciferous plants. After 3-7 days, caterpillars appear, which feed on the pulp of the leaves, first in mines, and then openly. Cabbage moth caterpillars damage cruciferous plants. They bite into the flesh of the leaf, making short moves in it, and after 2-3 days they go out onto the leaf and here they feed on its flesh, leaving the skin on the upper side intact, as a result of which the damage looks like windows. Adult caterpillars gnaw through holes in leaves, early leaflets and apical buds, which leads to a significant decrease in yield.

You need to start fighting them when the larvae are still small. Constant monitoring is required, because they often accumulate on the underside of the leaves.

Cabbage fly Delia raticum

White larvae 7-9 mm long, which hatch from eggs laid in the vicinity of plants, feed on underground parts of plants, gnaw them from the outside, then penetrate inside and destroy the root system and trunk. Infected roots can be completely riddled with holes and rot. Young plants die, while mature ones practically do not develop.

White turnip Pieris rapae

White turnip is produced by daytime butterflies. Caterpillars 20-24 mm long, one-color, velvety green, with a yellow stripe along the back. Females lay round, yellow eggs one by one on leaves. The larvae usually feed on the leaf surface near its vein, thus forming large, uneven holes on the leaves. More mature larvae move to the center of the plant. They feed on the edges of the leaves, leaving the large veins intact.

Black rot Xanthomonas campestris

These bacteria can remain on crop residues in the soil. From there, they can easily infect the roots, especially if the roots have already been damaged by insects. Yellowish-brown, V-shaped lesions are observed at the edges of the leaves, and the veins turn black. The likelihood of an epidemic is especially high in warm, humid conditions.

Alternaria blight Alternaria brassicae

These are dark brown or black rounded lesions with yellow margins. Concentric circles may appear on them. Leaves may die if severely damaged. Spores multiply especially easily in humid conditions at a temperature of 33-35 ° C.

Ring spot Mycosphaerella brassicola

Fungal lesions, usually brown in color, appear on plants, dotted with small black dots, often spherical in shape, which is the reason for the name "ring spot".

Downy mildew Peronospora parasitica

Some areas of the underside of the affected leaves are covered with white and gray fungal spores. On the top of the leaves in the same places appear dark areas... Affected young crops may die. Broccoli heads, if affected, may become unmarketable.

Broccoli

Broccoli
Annual or winter plant. Broccoli is becoming more and more popular both in Europe and in Ukraine. The products are delivered to the market fresh or frozen. The food organ of broccoli cabbage is a head, which is similar in shape to cauliflower, but has a variety of colors: green, bluish, purple, white. Broccoli is significantly richer in vitamins than cauliflower.

a brief description of

Broccoli grows well on soils rich in humus and nutrients in an accessible form, light in texture, moisture-consuming, with a deep arable horizon. This crop responds very well to the application of organic and mineral fertilizers. Its cultivation technology is close to that of cauliflower. In the absence of stressful situations, it gives good high quality results. Seedlings are sown 25-30 days before transplanting. The seeding rate is 2 g per 1 sq. M. In the ridges. Requires watering. Due to the fact that the head ripens quickly (within 2 days), the harvesting period is rather short. It is recommended to clean during a cool time of the day. To increase the shelf life of the head, it is recommended to wrap it in foil and store it in the refrigerator.

Soil and water regime

Broccoli gives the best results on sandy-clay and clay soils. The stagnation in growth may not be accidental. Therefore, good soil structure and water delivery are very important. Dense layers of soil must be loosened. Drought-sensitive soil especially requires moisture. The lime content must be high enough to avoid disease damage.

Rotary processing:

Broccoli can be affected by soil-borne diseases such as plasmodiaphora, cabbage cyst nematode. If there is a risk of getting sick with any of these diseases, rotary processing should be done 1 to 4 times, the whole cabbage should be processed. From the nematode, the soil should be disinfected with oxamil (Videt).

Fertilizers

Organic fertilizers

Broccoli responds well to organic fertilizers, especially on light soil types. Fertilizers should be applied to the soil in the fall.

Quality needs to be matched to cauliflower. The following amount can be taken as a guide: Ammonium nitrate 550-600 g, superphosphate 400 g and potassium salt 600-700 g per 10 m2 (N 180-200, P2O5 80, K2O 240-280 kg of active ingredient per 1 ha) are applied under broccoli ... Phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are applied during the autumn soil preparation, nitrogen fertilizers - in top dressing. Regular watering is one of the decisive factors in the technological cycle. Broccoli is watered 5-10 times at a rate of 350-400 liters per 10 m2 (350-400 m3 / ha) for each watering.

Boron deficiency

This is the reason for weak stems, 10-15 kg of boron is introduced into the soil for prevention.

Magnesia deficiency

Increases the chance of decay of the main bud. Therefore, nitrogenous. and potash fertilizers are applied with the addition of magnesia.

Premature head formation

Premature heading can occur. Heads of cabbage that have appeared too early remain small. Stress conditions such as insufficient moisture penetration, nitrogen deficiency and too low temperatures can be the reasons for slowing growth.

Growing

Fresh market

The best predecessors are annual legumes, pumpkin seeds, winter cereals, early tomatoes and potatoes, and onions. For broccoli, areas with light soils are chosen, which warm up faster in spring.

Usually broccoli is grown in seedlings, planting in open ground is also possible. The key to getting an early harvest is healthy, well-leveled seedlings. It should be 25-50 days old, depending on the growing method, and 4-6 well-developed leaves. The broccoli planting scheme is 65x30 or 50x40 cm. Seed consumption is 50-90 pieces per 10 sq. M. Of open ground. Cassette or potted seedlings take root better. during her transplant root system is not damaged and the plants do not get sick. For early planting in greenhouses, 4-6 cm pots are used. No pots are required for late planting. Planting goes into the greenhouse or under the frame.

Industrial production

Industrial production requires more plants per hectare and therefore wider ridges. 111,000 plants / ha, 600-800 per sq.m. Alternatively 111,000 plants / ha for direct planting. The distance is 30x15 cm, then it is thinned out, a distance of 30x30 cm is left. This method requires the same amount of seeds as for growing by seedlings.

Broccoli can be grown from early spring to late autumn, used as a re-culture after early harvested predecessors. When growing broccoli, its heads are not shaded; after cutting off the central head, small lateral heads begin to form from the leaf axils, which make up an additional crop.

Roll out

Fresh market

The size of the heads of cabbage is determined by the landing distance. The larger the main head of cabbage, the more shoots, the greater the distance between the plants should be. Practice shows that the best yield is obtained at a planting density of 50,000 plants / ha. Good harvest means the maximum number of good basic heads of cabbage in the total harvest. Planting distance 50x40 cm. If it is supposed to collect lateral shoots, then planting can be 50,000 plants / ha or slightly less often, but not less often than 40,000 plants / ha.

Industrial processing

Small heads of cabbage are needed for industrial processing. The optimal size is 4-8 cm. Therefore, the planting is 111,000 plants / ha and a distance of 30 x 30 cm.

Fresh market

During the harvesting period, the main head of cabbage is cut when it reaches a diameter of 15-20 cm. The ideal weight is 300-500 g. In hot weather, harvesting is carried out daily. A few weeks after harvesting the main head of cabbage, remove the lateral processes.

Industrial processing

For industrial processing special meaning has the size of a head, the best diameter is 4-8 cm or 8-12 cm.

Storage:

Broccoli cannot be stored for a long time after harvesting. At normal temperatures, it loses its elasticity and hardness. Be guided by the following storage rules:

preferable to remove broccoli in the morning and wrap in plastic immediately if possible
must be stored in a cool place and provide cool storage during transport to the consumer

Weed control

Planting is done in weed-free ridges, sprayed with 65% pachlor (Ramrod) once. The producing field. Spraying with 65% propachlor (Ramrod) or with 50% alachlor (Lasso), no later than a week after transplanting.

Disease and pest control

Broccoli is susceptible to all cabbage diseases. The most typical:

1. Peronosporosis. Symptoms of this disease are yellow spots on the back of leaves and purplish-white formations. Regular aeration can help prevent this condition. Treatment with propamocarb, if the plants are already sick.

2. Gray mold on both sides of the sheet

Pests:

1. Cabbage root fly. This pest lives on the stem, causing decay. The ridges are treated with trichloronate (Fitosol) after transplantation. The best way struggle - treatment with fitrsol solution under the root of the plant.

2. Swedish fly. The pest eats the ends of the plants.

3. Caterpillars. They eat plants, sometimes only the skeleton remains. Destroy it if you find it.

4. Cabbage aphid. It can spread viruses and should be dealt with.

If pests appear, it is necessary to carry out systematic, once every 7-10 days, insecticide treatments: sumi - alpha, zolon, sherpa, karate, actellik, volaton, etc. Considering that the cabbage leaf is covered with a strong waxy coating, it is advisable to add adhesives to the working solution (OP-7, skimmed milk or laundry soap - 30-50 g per 10 liters of water).

5. Special mention should be made of the most harmful object - the spring cabbage fly. Its years begins in the middle - end of April, when the soil warms up to + 12- + 13оС. The fly lays eggs on the root collar of plants or in the soil near it. The hatching larvae take root in the roots, gnaw passages in them, as a result of which the plants begin to wither (especially in dry hot weather), the leaves acquire a bluish-lead color, growth slows down or stops altogether, and, quite often, the plants die. Control measures: maintaining a high agricultural background, preventive treatments (at the beginning of the flight of butterflies) with the above insecticides. If plants are damaged by fly larvae, add a 0.15-0.2% solution of Bi-58 or basudin under the root. Solution consumption 0.25-0.3 l per plant. It is very effective to apply in rows when planting granular phosphamide or granular superphosphate etched with phosphamide (Bi-58), as well as hilling plants. Hilling prevents the larvae from accessing the plant and promotes the formation of additional roots.

In this material:

The consumption of cabbage is considered traditional for the inhabitants of our country; many dishes cannot do without this vegetable. She is a frequent visitor in stewed, stuffed form, in borscht, fried. Today Russians buy the following varieties:

Chinese and Beijing;
sheet;
Savoyard;
kohlrabi;
colored common and varieties of Romanesco, broccoli;
Brussels, blue, red and white.

The vegetable is highly sought after, which makes it great for growing for business purposes. It is worth exploring all the nuances and subtleties of your own cabbage growing business before opening your own enterprise.

Where to begin?

White and blue cabbage are grown in our country on a huge scale. Due to the size of production facilities, the unit cost of the product turns out to be low, so it is very difficult to maintain healthy competition. Other types of vegetables should be considered to carve out a lucrative niche at more modest volumes.

To begin with, you should consider the following questions:

For a specific region, determine the species with the greatest profitability;
Study the features of agricultural technology of the selected vegetable;
Establish the cultivation of organic crops without the use of chemicals, as is done in big business;
Find ways to market products, arrange the supply of vegetables directly. With the refusal of intermediary services, the final cost per unit of goods will be much lower. Among the likely consumers, consider retailers, individuals, restaurants and other food service establishments;
Take a land plot for rent. Depending on the registration of activities, requirements are established for the minimum area of land; for individual entrepreneurs, at least 1 hectare is required. The main characteristics of the site are the selection of a well-fertilized, non-acidic, heavy and medium loamy soil, with a low-lying location for more moisture, the availability of convenient access roads, and close location to the main point of sale.

Consider the option of renting a vegetable store for the harvested crop.

All questions are easily reflected when drawing up a business plan, where the following data are taken into account:

Taxes;
The cost of fertilizers, planting material, agricultural activities;
Salary of hired labor;
Fare;
The amount of rent for land and vegetable storage.

The expected profit from the sale should be displayed based on the result of the calculations. When erecting greenhouses, additional costs will be required, but an earlier release of goods on the shelves will significantly increase its price.

Company registration

The main condition for registration as a subject entrepreneurial activity- this is the availability of at least 1 hectare of land for business. After successfully acquiring a land plot for ownership or lease, it is necessary to start developing business planning for registering a peasant farm.

IMPORTANT: If the area allotted for farming is less than 1 hectare, then you do not need to register, as well as pay tax to the state.

Tax system

There are three types of taxation for a modern cabbage producer of any kind:

General system (if the company is large and its annual turnover exceeds several million rubles);
STS for individual entrepreneur or LLC;
Unified agricultural tax for farm enterprises.

The individual characteristics of a particular business will best suggest the most profitable tax payment system.

Required documents

To open a vegetable growing enterprise, you will need to provide the following package of documents:

Signed labor contracts with employees and permanent staff;
Certificate from the bank on opening an account, which must be registered with the Federal Tax Service no later than 3 calendar days;
Contracts concluded with counterparties;
A standard set of documents for a legal or natural person(passport of a citizen of the country, IIN, insurance, etc.).

IMPORTANT: It is imperative to correctly conclude a lease agreement, as indicated in the legislation. Additional permits from the fire inspection and SES will also be required.

OKVED

The legislation provides for the registration of business entities only as LLCs or individual entrepreneurs. When registering, OKPD 01.13.1 is indicated, which allows you to grow "Vegetable green or salad crops".

Organization of cultivation

Any type of agricultural activity will require the acquisition of a lease or ownership of a land plot suitable for the cultivation of cabbage. The most important thing for a vegetable is its presentation, since it is this quality that allows you to quickly sell perishable products, without leaving them in a long wait.

For this, a regular two-year change of the planting site is recommended. It is recommended to grow the same areas of other crops in parallel in order to maintain soil fertility. Fully growing cabbage requires good lighting.

Distance from points of sale determines the cost of transportation costs. This needs to be incorporated into the business planning project. On the one hand, you can use the lease of land located far from the city limits and at the same time spend money on fuel and transport, but save on the rental price, on the other hand, the proximity allows you to save on gasoline, but is replenished by a higher rent.

Greenhouse cultivation involves the construction special designs, the cost of which should be taken into account in the business plan. In addition, to organize year-round cultivation, it will be necessary to install an irrigation, lighting and heating system in greenhouses. This will add to the cost of building the structure and, when used, add heating and electricity bills.

Seedling

After preparing the soil on the site for the early planting of seedlings, it is necessary to purchase seeds. As a rule, sowing is not done as in cereal or tuberous crops; each grain needs to germinate to several true leaves in special vessels. Usually simple plastic cups are used.

IMPORTANT: It is unacceptable to save on seeds and fertilizers. These two factors, in addition to the quality of the soil, determine the future presentation of the vegetable and the yield in general.

For cabbage, appropriate special fertilizers should be purchased. The term for application to the soil is immediately before planting the seeds. Top dressing of organic origin is considered the best.

IMPORTANT: Late cabbage is planted on moist peat soil, early cabbage grows on dry light soil. If the land as a whole has a sufficient level of moisture and fertility, then any of the varieties can be planted in it.

Not only must the earth contain moisture, water vapor must also be present in sufficient quantities in the air. For cabbage, the optimum temperature for growth is considered to be 15-19 ° C, although the plant copes well with short frosts.

Technology

Ideally, it is better to start preparing for growing a vegetable in the fall. To do this, the site must be cleaned and dug up with top dressing. A non-acidic soil is best, but the introduction of wood ash will help reduce this indicator. At high acidity plants often get sick, which significantly spoils their presentation. For cabbage, the ideal planting platform is the land on which onions, tomatoes, cucumbers or peas were grown in previous years.

Seedlings are sown in closed ground closer to the beginning of spring. To do this, a couple of grains are introduced into each separate plastic container. The emergence of one seedling is left under observation, and the growth of the second weaker one must be pinned. In the room where the seedlings are matured, temperature regime should be maintained at 20 ° С with a gradual decrease to a thermometer indicator of 10 ° С.

IMPORTANT: Good lighting of the seedlings will provide the desired yield, as the plant in the first weeks of life will be able to develop a good root system and the sprout itself will stretch out.

Before planting in the open field, it is necessary to carry out the procedure for hardening the seedlings. For this, the sprouts are left outdoors at night for about a week. Thus, the moment of planting in the soil on the site falls after 30-45 days from the moment of sowing the seeds.

IMPORTANT: The specific terms of keeping seedlings in the room, as well as planting in open soil, depends on the variety of the vegetable.

Cabbage is planted in the evening or on cool days. After fixing in the ground, each plant is watered abundantly. Scheduled irrigation in the first week twice, and after a few weeks they switch to a single weekly irrigation.

The root system of vegetables requires a good supply of oxygen, so you should constantly huddle and loosen the soil between the plants. The frequency and type of feeding is introduced for each variety, which needs to be clarified with the seed distributor, as well as the features of care.

The harvest ripens between June and September.

Necessary equipment and workers

For a small area, you can attract relatives or handle it alone. However, when it comes to a field with an area of 1 hectare or more, then you cannot do without the help of hired workers.

The number of required "seasoners" depends on the area of the site and the availability of a motor-cultivator. Many labor units are required for manual processing. The more people in the fields, the higher the costs, so to reduce them it is better to take care of the purchase of inventory and equipment.

Large areas of more than 5 hectares require the use of a multifunctional tractor with additional equipment. The machine prepares the soil, planting seedlings and harvesting. This greatly reduces time and labor costs.

To make it easier to prepare the product for sale, you should consider purchasing a line for cleaning cabbage. For storage until the moment of sale, it is better to prepare vegetable stores. It will not be superfluous to install irrigation systems. With good revenue, it makes sense to consider the option of equipping an artesian well, which will make it possible to become independent from water supply from outside.

Sales

For the sale of cabbage, the following possible points of sale should be considered:

Food industry enterprises;
Different directions of catering establishments;
Restaurants and cafes;
Hotels, tourist centers, boarding houses and other organizations with their own kitchen;
Shops, market;
Wholesale and retail trade.

How much money do you need to start and how much can you earn?

In order to calculate the costs of the production process, it is necessary to take into account all the planned costs, equipment, labor, purchase of seeds and fertilizers. Therefore, it is advisable to consider an example for land with an area of 1 hectare.

Land is leased not for the growing season, but for all year round, therefore, the average cost is 50 thousand rubles.

For equipment, you need to incur the following costs:

Transporter - 60 thousand rubles;
Residue grinder - 40 thousand rubles;
Cabbage harvester (a small inexpensive model is being considered) - 200 thousand rubles;
Landing machine - 100 thousand rubles;
Sprayer or irrigation system - 50 thousand rubles.

Thus, the purchase of equipment requires investments in the amount of 450 thousand rubles.

For such an area, a large number of seeds will be required - about 1 kg. When choosing a specific variety of cabbage, it is necessary to take into account its ripening duration, seasonality, germination, climate resistance, etc. The approximate cost of traditional white cabbage for 1 kg is about 30 thousand rubles. The average growth period of a mature vegetable is about 2-2.5 months, which allows summer period get the crop twice from the site.

Resources will require electricity, water and fertilizer. For one season for the selected area, this cost item will pull about 50 thousand rubles.

For the cultivation of land, it is necessary to attract 3-4 employees with a payment for all of about 60 thousand rubles.

Therefore, the profit is calculated according to the following scheme:

The land is exploited twice a year, which requires twice the costs of growing, planting and collecting cabbage. This is about 330 thousand rubles.
From one hectare, on average, it turns out to collect up to 25 tons of vegetables.
At wholesale prices for 1 kg of product 10 rubles. per year it will turn out to earn 500 thousand rubles.
Reading profit minus expenses incurred, it will amount to 170 thousand rubles.

IMPORTANT: A multiple increase in profit is observed with an increase in the cultivated area.

Conclusion

For a person who has decided on open businesses v agriculture, it is necessary to take into account many factors and nuances of growing cabbage. Especially if there was no experience in cultivating the land yet. The most important thing is to approach the issue from the right side and determine your own strengths and goals. Then it will be possible to choose the optimal plan with the highest percentage of net profit.

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Cabbage is one of the traditional vegetables in our cuisine, therefore it is included in many national dishes... It can be stored for a long time, it is resistant to frost, it can be processed in various ways. Therefore, the vegetable is in great demand, the demand for it will always be high. Growing cabbage is a promising business if you are really ready to do it.

Line of business

Today the consumer is interested in different types of cabbage. When preparing dishes, use:

white cabbage;
colored;
blue;
broccoli;
Beijing and others.

Most often, large enterprises focused on the cultivation of cabbage on a large scale are engaged in the cultivation of blue and white cabbage. These are the most popular types of vegetables. It is difficult to compete with such enterprises in terms of price, given that the vegetable itself is inexpensive.

Therefore, it makes sense to consider such options for the direction of business:

determine what type of cabbage, in addition to the traditional one, is in demand in the region and cultivate it;
to emphasize the cultivation of organic vegetables as an alternative to those grown by large enterprises using chemicals;
do not resort to the services of intermediaries, establishing direct sales, which will allow setting higher sales prices.

Agricultural business and registration

To grow cabbage to give the scale of a business project, you need to have at least a hectare of land. If the farm has a smaller area, it cannot be registered as a business entity. Then a business plan for a personal subsidiary farm is drawn up. This form of activity allows you not to register with government agencies, not to keep tax records.

If you decide to organize large-scale cultivation on a site from a hectare or more, you need to register a peasant farm. But the law provides for the possibility of registering an individual entrepreneur or LLC. One way or another, when registering, you must indicate OKPD 01.13.1 "Vegetable salad or green crops".

Organization of cultivation

Whichever type of cabbage you choose, you will have to buy or rent a plot of land or a house outside the city with a garden plot if you are focusing on small production. But, keep in mind that in order for the plant to acquire a marketable appearance, the planting site must be changed every two years. Therefore, it is not recommended to concentrate only on the cultivation of this vegetable, but to engage in parallel cultivation of other vegetables and plants.

For full-fledged cultivation, the site must be well lit. It is important that this territory is not far from the city - the main point of sale of products. The further the plot is, the more transport costs should be included in the business plan, but the less it will cost you to rent or buy a plot.

Cultivation of cabbage can be organized not only outdoors. Greenhouses are perfect for this. This will allow you to enter the market with a new crop earlier, on which you can set high prices. Not to mention the year-round cultivation, which will bring considerable income.

When organizing a greenhouse, the business plan must include the costs of:

greenhouse construction;
equipment with heating, lighting, irrigation;
payment for electricity and heating.

Seedlings and fertilizers

The next step should be the purchase of seeds and fertilizers. The price for them depends on the cultivation of which particular type of cabbage you prefer. It is not worth saving on seeds, since the yield and the business as a whole depend on their quality.

Fertilizers should be bought special for cabbage, applied to the soil before sowing seeds. Organic fertilizers work well.

Please note that light, dry soil is used for early cabbage, moist peat for late cabbage, and in general, good fertile soil with a sufficient level of moisture is suitable. By the way, the air should also be humid. The ideal temperature for growing a vegetable is 15-19 o C. But it also tolerates short frosts well.

Growing technology

Vegetable cultivation begins with the autumn soil preparation. It is cleaned, dug up with fertilizer. For growing cabbage, it is better to take non-acidic soil so that the plant does not hurt. You can reduce acidity by adding wood ash. It is ideal to plant seedlings in the ground where peas, cucumbers, tomatoes, and onions were previously cultivated.

Closer to spring, sowing seedlings in greenhouses begins. Usually, special plastic containers are used for this. Two seeds are placed in each cell. If two shoots appear, the weakest one is pinched. When sowing, the temperature is kept at 20 ° C, and then gradually drops to 10 ° C. When the seedlings grow, we follow good lighting, then it will not stretch, and the root system will develop well. Over time, they begin to temper it - for a week they leave it in the open air overnight.

It begins to be planted in open ground at the age of 30-45 days. Do it in cool weather or in the evening. When exactly to plant seedlings depends on the variety and type of plant. Water immediately well, then the watering plan is twice a week, and after a few weeks it is reduced to one. The land between the plants must be constantly loosened, hilled. Top dressing and care also depend on the type of vegetable selected. Harvesting falls in June-September.

Technicians and workers

If the site is small, then it is quite possible to cope on it on your own. The big one will need seasonal workers. Their number depends on the cultivated area.

Accordingly, the work can be carried out manually, and for large areas it is necessary to include the purchase of a motor cultivator in the business plan.

Sales markets

Each business plan should provide for the markets for the products. In the case of cabbage, this can be:

retailers, wholesalers;
sale in the markets;
sales to stores;
restaurants, other catering establishments;
food industry enterprises.

Start-up capital and payback

Theoretically, for a small income, it is enough to have a plot, a rake, fertilizers, a shovel and 2-6 thousand rubles. for the purchase of seeds.

If you have a larger growing plan, you need to spend money on:

plot;
seeds;
fertilizers;
well and electricity;
the greenhouse and its maintenance;
motor vehicles;
workers.

The exact costs depend on the size of the farm. Likewise, it is difficult to calculate profitability. The price of a vegetable depends on the type of cabbage, its yield, season. A business plan may require both several thousand and several tens of thousands of rubles. It is also difficult to calculate a crop yield plan in advance. Much depends on the chosen cultivation method, weather, care, etc.