VVG and VVGng cables due to their physical characteristics, are widely used in enterprises and in everyday life. At the same time, they have their own features and nuances of installation.
Installation in the ground.
As required by the sixth section of the Electrical Installation Rules, the cable laid in the ground or water must be provided with sufficient mechanical strength, that is, equipped with armor. Cables of brands VVG and VVGNG do not have armor, which means that their laying is allowed only with the use of additional protection from mechanical damage - in pipes, ducts, tunnels, etc.
Many rabbits are destroyed, so it's a good idea to fill a bowl with wood pellets, hemp flour and a thin layer of straw or hay. This shell may be an old cage shell or a cat toilet. Please do not use straw pellets, as they are often eaten by rabbits and strongly inflate. This can lead to digestive problems.
The specified equipment is the main equipment, of course, you can build a larger and individual setting. You will find many examples and suggestions on the Internet. It is also important to make sure that rabbits cannot achieve anything dangerous for them, do not leave them unattended with cables and take care of indoor plants.
Laying on trays and boxes.
Cables of the VVG and VVGng brands are distinguished by sufficient resistance to ultraviolet, therefore, they can be laid openly, including on trays. This method of laying is common in production premises, the installation height of the trays (ducts) must be at least 2 m from the floor level, the distance between the cable and the pipeline must be at least 0.1 m, and if the pipeline with hazardous liquids (gases) is at least 0.25 m. Maximum number cables laid on the tray depends on the cable cross-section and the width of the tray; in case of single-row laying, the distance between the cables in the light is maintained at least 5 mm.
To ensure you have a comfortable life for your new neighbor, it is important to remember that rabbits should never be left alone. Rabbits are very sociable animals that die without a partner. Veterinarians try to ensure that rabies is taught only with or with an existing partner.
These problems can be eliminated with the help of a room casing. Here rabbits can decide when they want to sleep or play, in addition, there are no dangers for animals. Put one or two litter boxes or sinks in a cage, fill them with straw granules, and the toilet is ready for their very clean rabbits. Of course, you can not make hay, because the hay must remain on the rabbit around the clock. The images below are just a small impression of the possibilities that are open to you.
Fastening of the cable to the tray, with a horizontal strip is not required, with a vertical strip through one meter. In addition, based on local conditions (class room, aggressiveness of the environment, crowds of people), they can use either cable VVGng or VVG, the allowable number of cables in the bundle also depends on it, cable VVGNG does not propagate burning even when laying in bundles.
And now they decide for themselves: is it better not to watch the rabbits play, delirious, just live in their fence than to see how gloomy they are in a cage? For what options do you deal with a cell? And flexible animals need employment to be healthy and happy.
We would be happy if, with our lines, we could shake up some people to give the rabbits the life they need. Installing the robot is easy, but this requires minimal pre-planning to determine the best place to install the charging station and the power source and the boundary wire running.
With such a cable, it is possible to connect flanged immersion heaters, this is very important, because the devices are complex and require careful handling. Flanged immersion heaters are indispensable for conditions that require heating large volumes of water, especially when it comes to running water.
Set the boundary wire running
If the robot is installed near an area where another robot is already installed, the transmitter and receiver of the robot must be changed during installation so that the frequencies of the two robots do not interfere with each other. In this case, contact your nearest service center. Before installing the boundary wire, check the entire area of the lawn. Evaluate whether any changes can be made to the grass casing or precautions when installing the boundary wire for proper operation of the robot.
Laying on the walls.
High resistance to the influence of the external environment, allows the cable VVG (VVGng) to be laid in an open way on the walls, with a non-flammable or difficult-to-fire coating (brick, plaster), suspended on strings, cables. In this case, horizontal installation should be carried out at a distance of 100-200 mm from the eaves, parallel to the line of intersection of the ceiling and walls. Vertical laying is carried out not closer than 100 mm to doors or windows. In the absence of the probability of mechanical damage, this cable can not be equipped with additional protection, and the cable VVGng used in residential premises.
When laying the boundary wire, observe the installation direction and the direction of rotation around the flower beds. Consider which method is preferable for returning to the charging station. . There are two different ways to return the robot to the charging station, depending on the configuration of the user menu in the “Settings” - “Return to the charging station” section. Only use the “On” method, If there are many obstacles in the garden and near the boundary wire.
This method of returning to the stand instructs the robot to follow the perimeter of the wire by placing the wheels on the cable. When this method is activated, a “call back through the cable” is not required, as described below. When this method of returning to the loading station is installed, the robot moves along the boundary wire at an approximate distance of several cm to 1 m, occasionally touching it with a rebound, especially in indirect areas, until it recognizes the “callback via cable” required for directing it to the charging station or for directing it to narrow sections.
Gasket in the wall.
This method of wiring is characteristic of residential premises, cable VVG (VVGng), adapted for this method of installation and is often used in the installation of both power and lighting networks without the use of a separating layer. If parallel cable laying is necessary, the distance between them should not be less than 3 mm when using VVG, and laying in bundles VVGng is allowed.
After detecting the “callback by cable”, the robot follows the boundary wire about 10 m, directly above the cable. “Call back through the cable” not only informs the robot that it is near the charging station, but also a narrow passage or a direct path for a quick return to the charging station.
Search cycle for quick return of the robot to the charging station
When installing the "Callback" must follow the following rules. Quick return is a special installation of the boundary wire that allows the robot to reduce the distance before returning to the charging station. Each, as shown in the picture. When the robot returns to the cradle with wheels above the cable, when it encounters this particular triangular shape, it interrupts its journey and turns 90 degrees to the inside of the garden until it meets the perimetric wire on the opposite side.
Regardless of the installation method, an important feature of the PVC cable is the temperature the environmentif the range of operating temperatures is large enough (-50 ̊С - +50 ̊С), then the air temperature during installation should not be below -10 С (otherwise, the cable must be heated). Be sure to take into account the minimum bending radii of the cable:
The search cycle should not be performed on the straight part directly in front of the charging station and should not be close to obstacles. Make sure that there are no obstacles in the quick return path that may interfere with your quick return. If the fast return cycle is at the wrong point, this may not allow the robot to quickly return to the charging station.
Preparation and delimitation of jobs
If the robot executes the boundary to go to the secondary area, it does not detect the fast return cycle. The figure shows some useful information for properly setting up a search cycle for a quick return. Preparation mowers. Ensure that the lawn to be mowed is level and free from holes, stones or other obstructions. If some obstacles cannot be removed, you must demarcate the corresponding places using the boundary wire. At least 35 cm inside and outside a certain area, the gradient should not exceed 20%. If these instructions are not followed, the wheels may slide during normal operation in areas where there is a tilt, when the robot recognizes the cable and allows it to exit the working area. The robot can control surfaces in the workspace with a gradient of max. Cow 35%. If the ground is dry or ordinary grassy grass without the risk of wheel slip, the robot can mow up to a maximum of 45%. If there are obstacles on the slopes of more than 20%, the ground should be at least 35 cm above the obstacles in order to reduce the slope below 20%.
- Otherwise, it is necessary to carry out the necessary corrective work.
- The floor on which the boundary wire is laid should not have a slope of more than 20%.
Cable products of this type are widely used and a wide range of applications, there are many subtypes cable VVG, in each case, the choice of cable and method of installation must meet the requirements of the Electrical Installation Rules, the requirements of the Fire Safety Rules and SNiP.
Lay the boundary wire in front of the slope and close this area of the lawn from the cut. The delimitation of the working area. Check the entire area of the lawn and decide if it should be divided into several separate work areas according to the criteria described below. Before you install the boundary wire, it is recommended to monitor the entire process for a more convenient and easy implementation. When installing the system it is necessary to identify any auxiliary areas and closed areas. The auxiliary area is part of the lawn, which is connected with the main lawn narrowing, which is difficult to reach the robot, which happens by chance. The area must be accessible without differences in steps and heights that do not correspond to the valid properties. Whether an area is defined as a “secondary area” also depends on the size of the main area. The larger the main area, the more difficult the narrow passages are reachable. In general, an area with an aisle width of less than 200 cm should be considered as a secondary area. The number of auxiliary surfaces that can be machined by a robot depends on the characteristics of the model. The minimum allowable width of the passage is 70 cm between one boundary wire and the other. The boundary wire should be located at a distance from any objects located behind the lawn, at a distance below, and 140 cm should be available if there is a wall or fence on both sides. If this passage is very long, it should be more than 70 cm wide from one boundary wire to another. When programming, you need to adjust the size of the secondary areas as a percentage of the lawn area, as well as the direction in which they most quickly reach, as well as the meter cables needed to move to the secondary zone. If the minimum requirements described above are not met, i.e. if the area is divided by a pitch or height difference that is too large for the characteristics of the robot, or if the passage has a width of less than 70 cm between the boundary cables, this area of the lawn should be called a “closed area”. In this case, the robot cannot reach the surface independently. The procedure is described in the chapter "Treatment of closed surfaces". "Closed areas" reduce square meters, which the robot can handle independently. If a hard surface or garden is at the same height as the lawn on or near the work site, place the boundary wire 5 cm from the edge of the sidewalk. The robot goes a little above the lawn, and all the grass mows. If metal or metal ravine, a shower tray or a power cord is used, place the boundary wire at least 30 cm away to avoid robot malfunctions and interference in the perimeter. In the picture you will find an example of a lawn with a line for laying the perimeter. . The figure shows an example of elements located on the periphery of the working area and around it, as well as the distances that must be maintained when laying the boundary wire.
Articles series "The whole truth about electrical work in a wooden house":
- The whole truth about electrical work in a wooden house in accordance with the EMP and ПТЭЭП.
- Wiring input in wooden house wire CIP.
- Electrical input in a wooden house cable VVGng-LS.
- Wiring input in a wooden house cable VBbShv.
- Electrical input in a wooden house with cable VVGng in the ground.
- Electrical installation of internal open wiring in a wooden house.
- Wiring internal concealed wiring in a wooden house.
- How to perform the separation of the PEN-conductor in the electrical installation (ASU, MSB).
- Wiring ground loop.
Today, one of the most popular connections to power lines is underground cable entry, which is a huge success in almost every corner of the world. This is due to the fact that by feeding any structure, including a wooden house, it is possible to ensure the safety of its inhabitants as much as possible, significantly increase the duration of exploitation of the conductors and save appearance house landscape, in which there are no posts and sagging wires. In this case, in terms of price and quality, this method of wiring is the most efficient.
Limit all elements of iron or other metal in order not to disturb the boundary wire signal. If there is an obstacle inside or outside the workspace, for example: As a curb, wall or wall, lay the boundary wire at least 35 cm away from the obstacle. Increase this distance between the boundary wire and the obstacle at a distance of at least 40 cm if you want the robot to not hit the obstacle. Grass, which may be located on the edge of the area where the robot does not work, can then be trimmed with a trimmer or brush cutter.
Considering that in Russia one or three phase inputs, in most cases, are carried out via the TN-C grounding system, then as an underground cable entry, you can use a two or four-wire cable VVGng, whose cross section of the wires is selected according to the planned electricity consumption, but not less than 10mm 2.
Mindful of that splicing electrical cable in hidden places it is categorically forbidden, therefore, one-piece cable length, we choose so that it corresponds to the distance of the wiring line from the insulators on the pole to the metering board or protection with a margin of 1 m on each side. And as protection of the cable itself from external mechanical damage, we will prepare steel and non-pressure pipes. We will use steel pipes in open areas of cable laying, that is, along the pole and along the wall of the building, if the input will not be through the foundation or the basement room.
For a pole, we use a steel pipe, the length of which should correspond to the distance from the insulators to the depth of the cable with a margin of 50 cm for bending, and a diameter of 2-3 sizes larger than the cable diameter. For a wall, it is sufficient to use a pipe that satisfies the distance from the depth to the point of entry of the electric cable into the room plus 50 cm for bending (Fig. 1) with the above diameter. For the underground route - use asbestos-cement or polymer non-pressure pipe.
But at the present time, the most convenient is the technical polyethylene pipe HDPE, selected in such a way that it could tightly enter the steel pipe. Thus, it can be compressed with a special clamp, in order to create tight conditions for the cable to run through the pipe channels.
Very often, the inner edge of the pipe at the cut-off point is grinded at an angle to prevent the cable from “clinging” during the pulling. This will facilitate wiring and replacement of electrical cable. In addition, the HDPE pipe, with slight subsidence of the soil, can be deformed without kinks. Therefore, it is allowed to lay without soft sand filling under and around the pipe, but without the content of stone in the ground, construction debris and other solid particles.
It is allowed to lay the VVGNG cable in the ground without additional protection against mechanical damage (pipes, red brick), if the conditions of the cable laying correspond to the environmental conditions. With such a cable in the ground, the depth of cable line must be at least 1 meter from the ground, however, when crossing a cable line highways, it is required to use asbestos-cement pipes with a depth of at least 1 meter from the surface of the earth.
To enter the house - use a piece of metal pipe (sleeve) with a diameter of 2-3 sizes larger than the diameter of the corrugations with a length of 20 cm greater than the thickness of the wall or foundation. If the inner cabling is carried out openly, then the corrugated pipe will perform protective functions indoors, the length of which must correspond to the wiring line from the cable entry point to the metering or protection device.
If the entry into the house will be carried out through the basement or the wall of the basement, the sleeve is installed with an inclination of 10-15 degrees in the direction of the street, to avoid the formation and leakage of moisture inside, and the diameter should be 2-3 times larger than the diameter of the PND-pipe . Around the outer surface of the liner we seal up easily removable solution.
When all the necessary materials are prepared, you can start excavation work. Considering the fact that the cable’s depth must be at least 0.7 meters from the surface of the earth, therefore, the trench is about 20–30 cm wide by these parameters or the width of the bayonet (shovel) with a slope of at least 5 degrees to the side of the pole , in order to avoid accumulation of ground and sedimentary waters near the basement.
After that, proceed directly to the wiring of pipes. At the bottom of the finished trench lay plastic pipe so that one end went into the sleeve, pre-installed in the wall of the basement or basement (for underground input). If the soil is stony, then we first fall asleep a layer of sand or sifted earth about 10 cm thick and tamp it up, we do the same after laying the pipe in the prepared trench.
Having completed the wiring of pipes in the finished trench, proceed to the cable pulling into the pipes. This can be done with a cable. If the cable route is small, you can try to stretch the cable without accessories. Then, from the side of the column into the cavity of the HDPE pipe we insert the curved end of the steel pipe 20-30 cm inwards and crimp with a special clamp at a distance of 10 cm from the end of the HDPE pipe, do the same from the ground entry, if applicable. It remains to fasten the steel pipes through the wiring of the cable to the pole (and to the wall of the building).
Doing all of the above electric installation work, you need to make sure that when laying the cable you have not damaged its insulation and the cable is ready for safe operation. This requires a set of electrical measurements, namely: measurement of insulation resistance, measurement of the circuit between grounded installations and elements of a grounded installation, that is, the test of a metal connection. Having carried out electrical measurements and making sure that the cable is not damaged, it is necessary to fall asleep in a trench with a sifted 15 cm layer of sand and ram it. Then, above the tamped sand, lay a signal tape, which serves to alert the excavators of the presence of a live cable in the ground. The final backfill is done after connecting the house to the electrical network.
The end of the cable, which is located indoors, is enclosed in a corrugated pipe. At the same time, the technological opening on the outer side of the foundation is sealed with cement mortar, and on the inside (or for ground entry on both sides), easily removable mortar. If the cable is indoors laid openly, then a corrugated pipe with a cable can be fixed to a wooden wall with mounting brackets or clamps specially designed for this.
It is also allowed to perform open cable laying on easily combustible bases in pipes, flexible metal sleeves, and ducts. If you need to perform hidden gasket the input cable, it is required to tighten it into a metal pipe or to lay a cable in a metal dull box from the technological opening to the metering panel. In this case, the wall thickness of the metal pipe must be at least 3.2 mm. If it is impossible to perform such wiring, it is allowed to separate the cable from all sides from wooden surfaces with a continuous layer of non-combustible material (plaster, alabaster, cement mortar, concrete, etc.) with a thickness of at least 10 mm. Currently, it is strictly forbidden to lay a cable in a metal hose, a corrugated pipe or a plastic box over parts, walls and structures made of combustible materials (wood, chipboard, fiberboard, etc.).
After all electrical work has been completed and the cable has been laid from the VL tower to the metering panel, it is possible to connect the cable cores on the VL tower to zero and phase lines using special clips. Even in spite of the fact that there is no load on the cable, each cable core must be fixed on the corresponding insulator of the line, but without tension.