Local power networks are not always able to provide electricity at home, especially if it concerns country cottages and mansions. Interruptions with permanent electricity supply or its complete absence make it necessary to look for electricity. One such is the use of an electric generator - device capable of converting and storing electricity, using for this purpose the most unusual resources (energy of the sun, tides). Its principle of operation is quite simple, which makes it possible to make an electric generator with their own hands. Perhaps the homemade model will not be able to compete with the analog of the factory assembly, but this is a great way to save more than 10,000 rubles. If we consider the homemade power generator as a temporary alternative source of power supply, then it is quite possible to do it by self-creation.
How to make an electric generator, what is required for this, as well as what nuances have to be taken into account, we find out later.
Make or buy?
The desire to have an electric generator in its use is overshadowed by one nuisance - this is in high unit cost. Whatever one may say, the most low-power models have quite sky-high cost - from 15 000 rubles and more. It is this fact that brings to mind the self-creation of the generator. However, the process can be difficult, if:
- there is no skill in working with the tool and diagrams;
- there is no experience in creating such devices;
- there is no necessary parts and spare parts.
If all this and a great desire are present, then you can try to assemble a generator, guided by the assembly instructions and the attached diagram.
It's no secret that the purchased power generator will have a more extensive list of features and functions, while self-making is capable of failing and failing at the most inopportune moments. Therefore, to buy or to do by one's own hands is a strictly individual matter, requiring a responsible approach.
How the power generator works
The principle of the electric generator is based on the physical phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. A conductor passing through an artificially created electromagnetic field creates a pulse that is converted into a direct current.
The generator has an engine that is capable of generating electricity, burning in its compartments a certain type of fuel:, or. In turn, the fuel, entering the combustion chamber, generates gas during combustion, which rotates the crankshaft. The latter transmits an impulse to the driven shaft, which is already capable of providing a certain amount of energy at the output.
The principle of operation of the device is simple enough, but exactly as long as there is no need to consider each individual process. We must understand that Faraday's law on the principles of magnetic induction, which is used in an electric generator, will give the desired result only when certain conditions are created. The main one is the correct calculation and connection of the main design units.
Regardless of fuel and power consumption, electric generators have two basic mechanisms: a rotor and a stator. The rotor is needed to create an electromagnetic field, so it is based on magnets equidistant from the core. The stator is stationary, allows the rotor to move, and also regulates the electromagnetic field, due to the presence of metal blocks of steel.
A variant of manufacturing an electric generator with their own hands is shown on video
Asynchronous Generator: Features and Benefits
According to the type of rotation of the rotor, there are generators synchronous and asynchronous. The first have a complex design, as well as more sensitive to voltage fluctuations in the network, which affects their productivity. Asynchronous, in contrast, have a simpler operating principle, and also have excellent technical characteristics.
On the rotor of the synchronous generator, magnetic coils are placed, which complicates the process of the rotor movement, while the rotor of the asynchronous generator is more like a conventional flywheel. The design features significantly affect the efficiency, and in synchronous there is its loss (up to 11%). In asynchronous indicator, the energy loss is reduced to 5%, which makes it more in demand not only in everyday life, but also in production.
There are also others advantages of asynchronous generators:
- A simpler housing protects the engine from moisture and spent fuel, reducing the need for frequent maintenance.
- The generator is resistant to voltage drops, and also has a rectifier at the output, which protects the connected electrical appliances from breakage.
- The device is able to serve as a power source for devices having ohmic load and high sensitivity to voltage surges: welding machines, computer and computer equipment, incandescent lamps.
- Has a high efficiency, which is combined with a minimal clerfator (the indicator of energy loss, which is spent on heating the device itself).
- Has a service life of at least 15 years, as all used parts are sufficiently reliable and do not lend themselves to rapid wear during operation.
All these advantages give rise to the use of an asynchronous unit, and the simplicity of its design allows you to assemble at home.
Variant of electric generator with asynchronous Toyota engine
Where to start and what will be required?
In order to assemble a small asynchronous generator with your own hands, such structural details are required:
- The engine - it can be done by yourself, but it's quite long and time consuming, so it's better to save time and take the engine out of old non-working household appliances. The engine is well suited from washing machines and drainage pumps.
- Stator - it is better to take the ready version, where the winding will already be.
- Wires are electrical, as well as electrical tape.
- A transformer or rectifier is needed when the output power is different.
So, get down to work, preliminary having executed some preliminary manipulations, allowing to make calculation of capacity of the future generator:
- Connect the motor to the network to determine the speed of rotation. To do this, you need to use a special device - a tachometer.
- We write down the obtained value and add to it 10%, the so-called compensatory value, which will prevent the engine from overheating during operation.
- We select capacitors, taking into account the necessary power. For convenience, the values can be taken from the table below.
Since the generator generates electricity, you need to take care of its grounding. The lack of grounding and poor insulation can cause not only a rapid wear of the device, but also a danger to life.
The process of assembly is extremely simple: to the engine alternately connect the capacitors, guided by this scheme. The diagram shows the sequence of connections, while the capacitance of each subsequent capacitor is similar to the previous one.
This is all you need to get a low-power generator that can supply electricity to an electric saw, a Bulgarian or a circular.
This version of the generator is the simplest and most convenient, but it has its own nuances:
- Firstly, you have to constantly monitor the temperature of the engine, not letting it overheat.
- Secondly, if the efficiency will decline directly proportional to the duration of work - this is the norm. Therefore, from time to time, the generator should be allowed to rest, reducing its temperature to 40-45 ° C.
- Thirdly, the lack of automation will force the user to independently monitor all processes, periodically connecting the measuring instruments to the generator (voltmeter, ammeter and tachometer).
- Before assembling it is important to choose the right equipment, calculating its main indicators and characteristics. The drawing and the scheme will greatly facilitate the work process.
- or windmill can be assembled in a similar way, however, to obtain the desired voltage at the output, a sufficient amount of energy will be required.
Advantages and disadvantages of personal assembly
To the positive sides homemade manufacture of an electric generator with their own hands can be attributed:
- Increase self-esteem, which is extremely important for men. A successfully assembled unit can become the subject of not only an alternative power source, but also pride.
- Significant savings in finance.
- The ability to create an apparatus that would meet all the requirements.
Besides, the process may become more complex and have a lot of negative consequences:
- Perhaps, the unit will often break down, which is due to the impossibility of hermetic connection of all parts of the generator.
- Incorrect connection or calculation of power will lead to a malfunction of the generator, and will also reduce its productivity by an order of magnitude.
- It takes a certain skill in the work, as well as caution, since all work is carried out with electricity, which, as you know, jokes are bad.
An interesting option. Electric generator from a bicycle
Conclusion
Thus, an electric generator with its own hands, can become an excellent alternative to alternative power supply.
Its capacity will be enough to provide electricity to construction equipment, as well as small home appliances. Since the work is done with electricity, people who do not have the slightest idea of the seriousness and danger of the manipulations performed, the power generator may not work.
It's no secret that the generator, made by the hands, will be cheaper once in 5, but not the fact that its productivity can compete with the purchased factory assembly model equipped with automatic equipment. To refuse such a venture follows in such cases:
- if there is no confidence in one's own strengths and knowledge;
- when several attempts to assemble did not succeed;
- if there is no available equipment and measuring instruments;
- if there is no skill in calculating and selecting the components of the device, as well as in reading the circuits.
If you have all the necessary structural details, you can try to assemble the unit yourself. If the procedure has not been successful - you can always resort to the help of purchased models. Buying an electric generator has only one minus - this is a high cost. However, in some cases, it is fully justified by the accuracy of the working process, as well as the possibility of self-monitoring of the whole process of processing and converting DC to AC.
Required:
The collector motor, it is possible another on 12 volt
- the nozzle on the motor axis - the cartridge from the drill
- UPS uninterruptible power supply or inverter with 12 to 220
- a diode for 10 amperes: D214, D242, D215, D232, KD203, and so on.
- wires
- a bike
- and preferably a 12 volt battery
Assembly:
We fasten the bike so that the rear wheel spins freely, hang it
- we screw the cartridge onto the motor axis
- mount the motor so that the cartridge is tightly pressed against the wheel, you can tighten it with a spring
- we connect the motor to the battery: the negative motor cable to the negative of the battery, the positive motor wire to the anode of the diode, the cathode of the diode to the positive of the battery
- the battery is connected with an uninterruptible power supply or with an inverter
All! You can connect consumers to the uninterruptible power supply by 220 volts and use electricity! As soon as the battery is discharged, it will be enough to turn the pedals on and after about an hour the battery will be charged. 
Where to get the details?
The motor can be bought at the car store: the cooling fan motor. It is not expensive. And if you want almost free, then it can be twisted at the point of reception of metal, from the old car.
- an uninterruptible from a personal PC, you can have an old one with a bad internal battery. Or the inverter 12 - 220, is sold in car stores.
- a 10 amp diode, for example: D305, D214, D242, D243, D245, D215, D232,
D246, D203, D233, KD210, KD203, etc. Sold in the shops of radio parts. Or you can unscrew it from the old technology.
My experience:
For several months I used this generator and it showed pretty good results! The battery charging current was about 10 amperes and depended on how to pedal. If you twist slowly, it turned out 5 amperes, if you twist as fast as possible, then 20 amperes. The average power of the generator is 120 watts. In general, he used low-power consumers:
3 W - charging the phone
- 5 W - radio receiver
- 7W - charging and using the tablet
- 10W - charger, flashlight and video camera
- 12 W - energy saving light bulb
- 30 W - the music center
- 40W - Laptop
- 70 W - TV (rarely included)
I had enough charge for almost a day, after which I pedaled for an hour and again it was possible to use electricity.
If anyone knows other methods of extracting electricity at home, share in the comments.
Constant and uninterrupted provision of electricity in the house is a guarantee of a pleasant and comfortable pastime at any time of the year. To organize the autonomous power of the suburban area, we will have to resort to mobile installations - power generators, which in recent years are particularly popular due to the wide range of different capacities.
Scope of application
Many people are interested in how to make an electricity generator for a summer residence. This we will discuss below. We use in most cases an asynchronous alternator that will produce energy for the operation of electrical appliances. In an asynchronous generator, the rotor speed is faster than in synchronous and the efficiency will be higher.
However, power plants have found their application in a wider range, as an excellent means for extracting energy, namely:
- They are used in wind power plants.
- Used as welding units.
- Provide autonomous support for electricity in the house on a par with a miniature hydropower plant.
The unit is switched on with the input voltage. Often to start the device is connected to the power, but this is not quite a logical and rational solution for the mini-station, which itself must produce electricity, rather than consume it for launch. Therefore, in recent years, generators with self-excitation or sequential switching of capacitors have been actively produced.
How the power generator works
An asynchronous power generator produces a resource if the motor speed is faster than synchronous. The most common generator works on parameters from 1500 revolutions.
It produces energy if the rotor runs faster at start-up than the synchronous speed. The difference between these indicators is called slip and is calculated as a percentage relative to the synchronous speed. However, the stator speed is even higher than the rotor speed. Due to this, a stream of charged particles changing polarity is formed.
Enjoy the video, the principle of work:
When energized, the connected device of the power generator takes control of the synchronous speed, independently controlling the slip. The energy coming out of the stator passes through the rotor, however, the active power has already shifted to the stator coils.
The basic principle of the electric generator is reduced to the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy. To run the rotor to generate energy, you need a strong torque. The most adequate option, according to the electricians, is the "perpetual motion idle", which maintains one rotation speed during the generator operating time.
Why is an asynchronous generator used?
Unlike a synchronous generator, asynchronous generator has a huge number of advantages and advantages. The main factor in choosing an asynchronous option was a low cli- fator. A high index of the cli- ffector characterizes the quantitative presence of higher harmonics in the output voltage. They cause useless heating of the motor and uneven rotation. Synchronous generators have a magnitude of 5-15% of the factor, in asynchronous generators it does not exceed 2%. It follows that an asynchronous energy generator generates only useful energy.
A little about the asynchronous generator and its connection:
No less significant advantage of this type of generator is the complete absence of rotating windings and electronic parts that are sensitive to damage and external factors. Consequently, this type of apparatus is not subject to active wear and will last longer.
How to make a generator yourself
Device asynchronous alternator
The purchase of an asynchronous power generator is quite an inexpensive pleasure for the average resident of our country. Therefore, many craftsmen resort to solving the problem of self-assembly of the device. The principle of work, as well as construction - is quite simple. If you have all the tools, the assembly will not take more than 1-2 hours.
According to the above-defined principle of the electric generator, all the equipment should be adjusted so that the rotations are faster than the engine speed. To do this, connect the motor to the network and start it. To calculate the number of revolutions per minute, use a tachometer or a tachometer.
Having determined the value of the engine speed, add 10% to it. If the speed is 1500 rpm, then the generator should run at 1650 rpm.
Now it is necessary to alter the asynchronous generator "by itself", using capacitors of the necessary capacitances. To determine the type and capacity, use the following label:
We hope that it is already clear how to assemble an electric generator with your own hands, but please note: the capacity of the capacitors should not be too high, otherwise the generator working on diesel fuel will be very hot.
Install the capacitors according to the calculation. Installation requires a lot of attention. Ensure good insulation, use special coatings if necessary.
Based on the engine, the generator assembly process is complete. Now it can already be used as a necessary source of energy. Remember that in the case where the device has a short-circuited rotor and produces a sufficiently serious voltage that exceeds 220 volts, it is necessary to install a step-down transformer, which stabilizes the voltage at the required level. Remember that all appliances in the house work, there must be strict control of a self-made generator for 220 volts by voltage.
We watch video, stages of work:
For a generator that will operate at low power, it is possible to use single phase asynchronous motors from old or unnecessary household appliances, for example washing machines, drainage pumps, lawn mowers, chain saws, etc., for economy purposes. Motors from such household appliances should be connected in parallel with the winding. Alternatively, phase-shift capacitors can be used. They rarely differ in the required capacity, so it will be necessary to increase it to the required values.
Such generators show themselves very well when it is necessary to power bulbs, modems and other small devices with a stable active voltage. With certain knowledge, it is possible to connect an electric generator to an electric or heater.
Ready-to-operate generator should be installed so that it is not affected by rainfall and the environment. Take care of an additional casing that will protect the installation from adverse conditions.
Virtually every asynchronous generator, whether it is a brushless, electric, gasoline or diesel generator, it is considered to be a device with a sufficiently high level of danger. Handle this equipment very carefully and keep it always protected from external weather and mechanical influences or make a casing for it.
Watch the video, practical advice of a specialist:
Any stand-alone unit should be equipped with special measuring devices that will record and display performance data. To do this, you can use a tachometer, voltmeter and frequency meter.
- Equip the generator with the on / off button if possible. To start, you can use manual start.
- Some power generators need to be grounded before use, carefully assess the area and select a location for installation.
- When converting mechanical energy into electricity, sometimes the efficiency can drop to 30%.
- If you are not confident in the forces or are afraid to do something wrong, we advise you to purchase a generator in the corresponding store. Sometimes the risks can turn out to be extremely deplorable ...
- Watch the temperature of the asynchronous generator and its thermal regime.
Outcomes
Despite its simplicity of implementation, self-made generators are a very laborious task, requiring complete focus on the design and proper connection. It is advisable to assemble from a financial point of view only if you already have a workable and unnecessary engine. Otherwise, you will give more than half of its value for the main element of the installation, and the total expenditure may significantly exceed the market value of the generator.
I'll show you how to assemble a simple but powerful enough generator for 220 volts.
Required:
- a collector motor, you can another for 12 volts- the nozzle on the motor axis - the cartridge from the drill
- UPS uninterruptible power supply or inverter with 12 to 220
- a diode for 10 amperes: D214, D242, D215, D232, KD203, and so on.
- wires
- a bike
- and preferably a 12 volt battery
Assembly:
- fix the bike so that the rear wheel spins freely, hang it- we screw the cartridge onto the motor axis
- mount the motor so that the cartridge is tightly pressed against the wheel, you can tighten it with a spring
- we connect the motor to the battery: the negative motor cable to the negative of the battery, the positive motor wire to the anode of the diode, the cathode of the diode to the positive of the battery
- the battery is connected with an uninterruptible power supply or with an inverter
All! You can connect consumers to the uninterruptible power supply by 220 volts and use electricity! As soon as the battery is discharged, it will be enough to turn the pedals on and after about an hour the battery will be charged.
Where to get the details?
- The motor can be bought at the car store: the cooling fan motor. It is not expensive. And if you want almost free, then it can be twisted at the point of reception of metal, from the old car.- an uninterruptible from a personal PC, you can have an old one with a bad internal battery. Or the inverter 12 - 220, is sold in car stores.
- a 10 amp diode, for example: D305, D214, D242, D243, D245, D215, D232,
D246, D203, D233, KD210, KD203, etc. Sold in the shops of radio parts. Or you can unscrew it from the old technology.
My experience:
For several months I used this generator and it showed pretty good results! The battery charging current was about 10 amperes and depended on how to pedal. If you twist slowly, it turned out 5 amperes, if you twist as fast as possible, then 20 amperes. The average power of the generator is 120 watts. In general, he used low-power consumers:3 W - charging the phone
- 5 W - radio receiver
- 7W - charging and using the tablet
- 10W - charger, flashlight and video camera
- 12 W - energy saving light bulb
- 30 W - the music center
- 40W - Laptop
- 70 W - TV (rarely included)
I had enough charge for almost a day, after which I pedaled for an hour and again it was possible to use electricity.
If anyone knows other methods of extracting electricity at home, share in the comments.
An asynchronous generator is an asynchronous electric machine (electric motor) operating in the generator mode. With the help of a drive motor (in our case, a water turbine), the rotor of an asynchronous electric generator rotates in the same direction with a magnetic field. The sliding of the rotor becomes negative, the braking torque appears on the shaft of the asynchronous machine, and the generator transfers energy to the network.
To excite the electromotive force in its output circuit, the residual magnetization of the rotor is used. For this, capacitors are used.
Asynchronous generators are not susceptible to short circuits.
The asynchronous generator is arranged simpler than a synchronous generator (for example, an automobile generator): if the coil has inductors placed on the rotor, the rotor of an asynchronous generator is similar to a conventional flywheel. Such a generator is better protected from dirt and moisture, more resistant to short circuits and overloads, and the output voltage of an asynchronous generator has a lower degree of nonlinear distortion. This makes it possible to use asynchronous generators not only to power industrial devices that are not critical to the form of the input voltage, but to connect electronic equipment.
It is the asynchronous power generator that is an ideal source of current for devices with an active (ohmic) load: electric heaters, welding converters, incandescent lamps, electronic devices, computer and radio equipment.
Advantages of an asynchronous generator
Such advantages include a low factor (harmonic coefficient) characterizing the quantitative presence in the output voltage of the generator of higher harmonics. Higher harmonics cause uneven rotation and useless heating of electric motors. Synchronous generators can have a clichrator value of up to 15%, and the cli- fier of an asynchronous generator does not exceed 2%. Thus, an asynchronous electric generator generates practically only useful energy.
Another advantage of an asynchronous electric generator is that it completely lacks rotating windings and electronic parts that are sensitive to external influences and are often damaged. Therefore, the asynchronous generator is not very susceptible to wear and can serve for a very long time.
At the output of our generators is immediately 220 / 380V AC, which can be used directly to household appliances (for example heaters), for charging batteries, for connection to a sawmill, and for parallel operation with a traditional network. In this case, you will pay for the difference consumed from the network and generated by the windmill. Because the voltage goes directly to the industrial parameters, then you do not need different inverters (inverters) when the wind generator is directly connected to your load. For example, you can directly connect to the sawmill and in the presence of wind - work as if you just connected to a 380V network.
Watch the video launch of an asynchronous generator \u003e\u003e
http://parus.z42.ru/subdmn/parus/node/459
ADDITION:
If the rotor of an asynchronous machine connected to a network with a voltage U1 is rotated by a primary motor in the direction of the rotating field of the stator, but at a speed n2\u003e n1, the motion of the rotor relative to the stator field will change (in comparison with the motor mode of this machine), since the rotor will be overtake the stator field.
In this case, the slip will become negative, and the direction of the emf. E1, induced in the stator winding, and consequently, the direction of the current I1 will be reversed. As a result, the electromagnetic moment on the rotor will also change direction and from the rotating (in the motor mode) will turn into an opposing (relative to the torque of the primary motor). In these conditions, the asynchronous machine from the motor will go into the generator mode, converting the mechanical energy of the primary engine to electric. In the generator mode of an asynchronous machine, the slip can vary in the range
− ∞ < s < 0,
while the frequency of the emf Asynchronous generator remains unchanged, since it is determined by the rotational speed of the stator field, i.e. remains the same as the frequency of the current in the network to which the asynchronous generator is connected.
In view of the fact that in the generator mode of the asynchronous machine the conditions for creating a rotating stator field are the same as in the driving mode (and in both modes the stator winding is included in the network with the voltage U1) and consumes the magnetizing current I0 from the network, then the asynchronous current the machine in the generator mode has special properties: it consumes the reactive energy from the network necessary to create a rotating stator field, but gives to the network the active energy obtained as a result of converting the mechanical energy of the primary motor I.
Unlike synchronous asynchronous generators are not exposed to the danger of falling out of synchronicity. However, asynchronous generators are not widely used, which is explained by a number of their disadvantages in comparison with synchronous generators.
Asynchronous generator can work in autonomous conditions, i.e. without being included in the network. But in this case, to obtain the reactive power required to magnetize the generator, a battery of capacitors is used, connected in parallel with the load on the generator terminals.
An indispensable condition for such operation of asynchronous generators is the presence of residual magnetization of the rotor steel, which is necessary for the process of self-excitation of the generator. A small emf Eost, induced in the stator winding, creates a small reactive current in the capacitor circuit, and consequently, in the stator winding, which increases the residual flux Vost. In the future, the process of self-excitation develops, as in a direct current generator of parallel excitation. By changing the capacity of the capacitors, it is possible to vary the magnitude of the magnetizing current, and consequently, the magnitude of the voltage of the generators. Because of the excessive unwieldiness and high cost of capacitor banks, asynchronous generators with self-excitation have not received distribution. Asynchronous generators are used only at low-power auxiliary power plants, for example in wind power plants.
Even easier:
As a result of a long test of the operation of our Sailing wind generator with the traditional excitation circuit of an asynchronous motor (AP) based on the use of a magnetic starter as a switch, a number of shortcomings appeared, which led to the creation of the Control Cabinet. Which has become a universal device for converting any Asynchronous motor into a Generator! Now it is enough to connect the wires from the AD motor to our control unit and the generator is ready !!!
More in detail \u003e\u003e http://parus.z42.ru/subdmn/parus/node/531
http://parus.z42.ru/subdmn/parus/node/506
Asynchronous electric motor as a generator