Zone of high-voltage power lines. Sanitary norms

Alexandra

g. Siversky in LO on the residential street Frunze decided to conduct power lines 10,000 V (10 kV). The street is old, the houses are located 3-4 m from the fences and, respectively, 4-5 from the road, on the sites in private ownership, brand trees for cutting. We can not find any ends, the administration gave permission to conduct power lines in the village without specifying a specific street. In 100 m from our street a forest, but there are not pulling power lines. The wires will go 3-10 meters from residential houses and cottages, baths, garages. Will they force us to demolish our buildings? What should we do, where to run? The electricians have all the approvals and permits already on their hands, everything has been received quietly, none of the residents had even suspected anything. While residents block the street with their cars, but the forces are clearly unequal. What can we do and are the activities of the power company lawful?

ANSWER: First, let's turn to the normative documents:
  PPB 01-03 "Fire Safety Rules in the Russian Federation", item 59 "The installation and operation of overhead transmission lines (including temporary and cable-laid) over combustible roofs, canopies, and also open warehouses (stacks, stacks, etc.) is not allowed. combustible substances, materials and products. "
  While the requirement of this paragraph is not violated.
  In PPB 01-03 there is a paragraph 57 "Design, installation, operation of electrical networks, electrical installations and electrical products, as well as control over their technical condition, must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory documents for electricity."
However, Director of the Department for Supervisory Activities Lieutenant-General of Internal Service Yu.I.Deshevy Letter No. 19-3-1-2086 of June 2, 2011 "On the Application of PTEEP, PUE, SNIP" states that Article 15 of the Federal Law "On Protection rights of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs in the exercise of state control (supervision) and municipal control "dated 29.12.2008 N 294-FZ established that the ONM (GPN) has no right to verify the fulfillment of requirements if such requirements do not relate to the powers of the state control (supervision) ), on behalf of torogo are these officials. Paragraph 1.2.11 of the TEAP has established that state supervision of compliance with the requirements of these Regulations is carried out by the state energy supervision authorities.
  In connection with the above, the officials of the GPN do not have the authority to resolve your situation. The essence of your question is also beyond my competence. Still, we will ask what is the "power line security zone".
  To protect the public from the electromagnetic field, sanitary protection zones for power transmission lines have been established (sanitary regulations SanPiN 2971-84 "Protection of the population from the effects of an electric field, industrial frequency").

For air high-voltage transmission lines (VL), sanitary protection zones are installed on either side of the projection of the outer wires to the ground. These zones determine the minimum distances to the nearest residential, industrial and non-production buildings and structures:

2 meters - for overhead lines below 1kV,
  10 meters - for the VL 1- 20 kV,
  15 meters - for HVL 35 kV,
  20 meters - for HVL 110 kV,
  25 meters - for the HVL of 150-220 kV,
  30 meters - for the VL 330kV, 400 kV, 500kV,
  40 meters - for the TL 750 kV,
  55 meters - for the overhead line 1150kV,
  100 meters - for VL through waterways (rivers, canals, lakes, etc.).

Note:
  - It is not allowed to pass power transmission lines through the territories of stadiums, educational and children's institutions.
  - It is allowed for power lines (VL) up to 20 kV to take the distance from the last wires to the borders of personal plots of land, individual houses and collective garden areas of at least 20 meters.

You can also refer to the PUE (Seventh Edition):
2.5.217. Distances horizontally from the last wires of newly constructed overhead lines with their unconfined position to the boundaries of the land plots of residential and public buildings, to children's playgrounds, recreational areas and physical education, economic areas or to the nearest protruding parts of residential and public buildings in the absence of land plots from the side passage of overhead lines, as well as to the boundaries of personal plots of individual houses and collective garden plots should be no less than distances for the protection zones of high-voltage lines uyuschih stresses.
  It is allowed to take for a VL up to 20 kV the horizontal distance from the outer wires of the overhead line at the maximum deviation to the boundaries of the personal plots of individual houses and collective garden plots at least 2 m.

Trying to catch up, we see two concepts of "sanitary protection zones" and "protected areas".
  One document protects the public from the electromagnetic field, and the other protects power lines from encroachments of the zoofauna and the human factor.
  How to understand this higher mathematics? What should be the distance to the fences of land and buildings - 20 meters or 2 meters?
  Personally, I think so: If you stand up for a person, then 20 meters. Yet a man is more expensive than Any LEP.

The second. Your letter I sent to the e-mail of the official websites of the administration of your village council and the administration of Gatchina.

Third. Do not stop, ask for help and clarification in state institutions right up to the prosecutor's office.

Valery, thank you very much!

While the developers are quiet, the work is not going on.

Investigations of the biological effect of EMF IF performed in the USSR in the 1960s and 1970s were oriented mainly to the effect of the electrical component, since no significant biological effect of the magnetic component was observed experimentally at typical levels. In the 1970s, strict regulations were introduced for the population according to the EP of the FI, and are currently among the most stringent in the world. They are set out in the Sanitary Norms and Regulations "Protection of the Population from the Impact of the Electric Field Created by the AC Power Transmission Line of the Industrial Frequency" No. 2971-84. In accordance with these norms, all power supply facilities are designed and constructed.

Despite the fact that the magnetic field throughout the world is now considered to be the most dangerous for health, the maximum permissible magnetic field for the population in Russia is not standardized. The reason is that there is no money for research and development of norms. Most of the transmission lines were built without taking this danger into account.

Based on mass epidemiological surveys of the population living under irradiation with magnetic fields, the LEP as a safe or "normal" level for prolonged irradiation conditions that does not lead to cancer, independently of each other by Swedish and American specialists, the flux density of magnetic induction 0.2 - 0.3 μT.

Principles of ensuring the safety of the population

The basic principle of protecting public health from the electromagnetic field of the power line is to establish sanitary protection zones for transmission lines and reduce the electric field in residential buildings and places where people can stay for a long time by using protective screens.

The boundaries of sanitary protection zones for transmission lines of which on the operating lines are determined by the criterion of electric field strength - 1 kV / m.

Limits of sanitary protection zones for the LEP according to Ref. No. 2971-84

Borders of sanitary protection zones for power lines in Moscow

To place high voltage ultrahigh voltages (750 and 1150 kV) additional requirements are imposed on the conditions of exposure of the electric field to the population. So, the nearest distance from the axis of the designed VL 750 and 1150 kV to the boundaries of settlements should be, as a rule, not less than 250 and 300 m, respectively.

How to determine the voltage line class? It is best to contact a local energy company, but you can try it visually, although it is not difficult for a specialist:

330 kV - 2 wires, 500 kV - 3 wires, 750 kV - 4 wires. Below 330 kV one wire per phase, it is possible to determine only approximately the number of insulators in a garland: 220 kV 10-15 pcs., 110 kV 6-8 pcs., 35 kV 3-5 pcs., 10 kV and below - 1 pc. .

Permissible levels of electric field effect of transmission lines

Within the sanitary protection zone of the overhead line is prohibited:

to place residential and public buildings and structures;

arrange parking lots and stops for all types of transport;

place car service companies and oil and oil products warehouses;

to carry out operations with fuel, to carry out repairs of machinery and mechanisms.

The territory of sanitary protection zones is allowed to be used as agricultural land, however it is recommended to grow on them crops that do not require manual labor.

If in some areas the intensity of the electric field outside the sanitary protection zone is higher than the maximum allowable 0.5 kV / m inside the building and above 1 kV / m in the residential area (in places where people can stay) should measures have been taken to reduce tensions. To do this, on the roof of a building with a non-metallic roof is placed almost any metal mesh, grounded in at least two points. In buildings with a metal roof, it is sufficient to ground the roof in at least two points. On household plots or other places of people's stay, the intensity of the field of the industrial frequency can be reduced by installing protective screens, for example, reinforced concrete, metal fences, cable screens, trees or shrubs with a height of at least 2 m.

Everyone knows that electromagnetic fields emitted by power lines negatively affect human health. Specialists conducted a number of studies of people who live near power lines or transformer substations. So it turned out that they have disorders of the nervous system, immunity decreases, metabolic processes are violated. Ultimately, a large bouquet of various diseases is acquired, where the heart, endocrine and neurohormonal systems are the most vulnerable. Therefore, there are rules in which the guard zone of the transmission line is defined.

Over the years, the rules were toughened by changing the results of the study. Therefore, at present, everyone is using the new rules that were developed and approved in 2009. Of course, under the requirements of the new rules already got exploited buildings, which under the laws of the owners are not withdrawn. They can be used and even sold subject to certain restrictions. When selling, the text of the contract necessarily introduces encumbrances (restrictions).

The encumbrances themselves are determined by several positions, where the two are the main ones:

• You can not live in such houses all the time.
• It is impossible to carry out major repairs in them or to make capital outbuildings.

Attention! And yet the land in the territory of security sites is sold. To clarify what encumbrances it is limited, it is necessary to contact the district administration or its architecture.

Classification of security zones

Security zones are divided into several classes. They are distinguished from each other by the power of the transmission line and the distance from the ground, that is, the height of the installation of the wires (the communication cable does not count). It is possible to determine the power transmission line class by the number of hanging wires (in this case the cable conductors are considered in one phase) and by the number of fuses (isators) on poles.

By number of cores

There are four positions:

1. For a power line below 330 kV, one wire (wire).
2. For 300 kV there are 2 cores.
3. For 500 kV - 3.
4. For 750 kV - 4.

By the number of fuses (insulators)

Here, also, security zones can be divided into four classes.

1. For power lines below 10 kV, one insulator is installed.
2. For HVL 35 kV - 3-5 pieces.
3. For power transmission lines 110 kV - 6-8 pieces.
4. For transmission lines 220 kV - 10-15 devices.

Sanitary norms

There is also a sanitary security zone for cable lines, whose classes are determined by the power line capacity. They are also approved by the developed rules (SNiP 2971-84). The rules specify that the protected area under the power line is determined by the distance on both sides of the high-voltage power lines located on both sides of the outer wires.

Zones of power lines are determined by the minimum distance to the buildings. And it does not matter, these buildings are residential, administrative or industrial. Here are the basic relationships:

• For high-voltage power lines up to 1 kV, the distance is two meters.
• For them, 1-20 kV - the distance to the buildings should be 10 meters.
• 35 kV - 15 meters.
• For high-voltage power lines 110 kV - 20 meters.
• 150-220 kV - 25 m.
• 300, 400, 500 kV - 30 m.
• 750 kV - 40 meters.
• 1150 kV - 55 m.

If the high-voltage line is located through water bodies, then the protection zones expand, so the minimum distance to the buildings should be at least 100 m.

How security zones are set up

Security zones are defined and installed for all sections of the grid economy. The main requirement is compliance with boundaries, which are determined by the rules. In order to establish a security zone, it is necessary to submit an application to the regional authority, which deals with the energy of the region. The statement should describe the location of the boundaries for the grid economy. The response to the application must be received within 15 days.

After all the approvals have been carried out at the regional level, one more application is submitted to the federal cadastral body, which is to be rewritten to amend the cadastre of the electric grid property. Once these changes are made, it can be assumed that the security zones and their boundaries begin to act, that is, are established.

Additions

In the guard zone of HVL 6-10 kV and above it is not possible to conduct:

• Capital construction and repair, demolition of buildings and structures.
• Planting trees, explosions, mountain and meliorative work.
• Construction of gas stations.
• Landfills (garbage, snow, soil).
• Warehousing of any substances and materials.
• Construction of stadiums, sports and children's playgrounds.
• Organized events, which will be attended by a large number of people.

All activities planned for holding in the protected area must be coordinated with the enterprise in charge of which the zone is located. The permit must be issued only in writing.