The main difficulty with English verbs is that in English there is no rule by which their past form is formed. And worse than that, there is no logic in her education.
To use these verbs in the past tense, you need to memorize them. Moreover, many irregular verbs have two different past tense forms. To do this, you will need constant practice, which you can get in English courses for adults from Easy Speak.
Since when using irregular verbs you will come across the concepts of “verb forms” more than once, in this article we will look at what they are.
What are the forms of English verbs?
A verb is an action that someone/something does. For example: lie down, run, jump, swim.
All English verbs are divided into regular and irregular. Knowing whether a verb is regular or irregular is necessary in order to use it in the past tense.
In Russian we add "l" at the end to put the verb in the past tense.
Present time: reading, writing, walking, swimming.
Past tense: read, wrote, walked, swam.
In English, some verbs are formed according to rules, while others are not. I think you've already guessed that this is the difference between regular and irregular verbs.
Regular verbs in English- these are those verbs whose past form is formed according to the rules by adding the ending -ed.
For example
work - worked,
work - worked.
Irregular verbs in English- these are verbs whose past form is not formed according to the rules. At the same time, there is no logic in its education.
For example
buy - bought,
buy - bought.
One of the main difficulties for students is that there is no rule by which one can determine whether a verb is regular or irregular. You can find out only by looking it up in the dictionary or memorizing it.
Verb form is how the verb changes depending on the time it is used.
Both regular and irregular verbs have 3 forms.
Verb forms in English
All verbs have 3 forms.
First form verb- this is the verb itself in the present tense, in the initial form.
For example
(to) work - to work,
(to) do - to do,
(to) buy - buy.
Second form verb is a verb in the past tense (this form is used in all simple past tenses).
worked - worked,
did - did,
bought - bought.
Third form of the verb is a verb in the past tense, which also carries the characteristics of an object (this form is used in the tenses of the Perfect group).
worked - worked,
done - done,
bought - bought.
Note: Of course, when using the 3rd form in our speech, we do not translate it literally, but translate it in the usual past tense.
For example
I have done my homework.
I did my homework (Literally: I did my homework).
How are English verb forms formed?
In regular verbs, both forms of the past tense are formed according to the same rule, so attention is usually not focused on them.
To form the 2nd and 3rd forms, we add the ending -ed to the verb.
Work - worked - worked.
For irregular verbs, the 2nd and 3rd forms can:
- coincide with each other.
Have-had-had,
have - had.
- differ.
Do - did - done,
do - did.
This is precisely the complexity of irregular verbs. To use all 3 forms correctly, you need to memorize them.
Let's look again at the table of formation of 3 forms of verbs.
Table of verb forms in English.
Verb | 1 form | 2nd form education | 3rd form education |
Correct | Add the ending -ed to the verb. | ||
Wrong | The initial form is a verb without changes. | We use the 2nd form of the verb. | We use the 3rd form of the verb. |
In the article, we looked at the most popular ways to memorize irregular verbs and chose the most effective one.
What is there that no rule can do without? Of course, no exceptions! Irregular verbs in the English language are also not spared. But, as they say, an irregular verb is not as scary as it is painted to be. Today we will look at different methods of memorizing irregular verbs.
Let's open any table of irregular verbs ( see at the end of the article), and you will see three columns there. The first column presents verbs in the impersonal, or (only without the particle to). This is what corresponds to Russian verbs ending in -т: draw, write, read – (to) draw, write, read.
The second column is - drew, wrote, read (yesterday, for example) - drew, wrote, read.
In the third column is the so-called second participle, or past participle.
Note The first participle corresponds to the Russian -yushchy/-yayushchy: drawing, writing, reading. In English, the first participle ends in –ing. – drawing, writing, rading.
Let's return to the third column, which represents the past participle - it corresponds to the Russian “made” - drawn, written, read. Third column for
- verbs in .
- perfect tense verbs:
I have already written my essay. I have already written an essay (or “I already have my essay written”).
I have read three books this month. I read three books this month. (Or I have three books read).
Have you ever drawn anything like that? Have you ever drawn anything like this? (Or have you ever had something like this drawn?)
What does "irregular verbs" mean?
Why are irregular verbs still “irregular”? The fact is that according to the rules, the so-called second and third forms are constructed by adding the ending –ed.
I work – I worked yesterday. – I have worked for three companies.
In irregular verbs, the second and third forms are formed in a completely individual way (go – went – gone), or do not change at all (put-put-put).
Methods of memorization
- Alphabetically - cram. Boring and useless.
- Make cards with three shapes on one side and a translation on the other. Periodically, when you have a minute (in transport, in the morning over a cup of coffee, etc.), go through the cards, checking yourself. If you remember, we put it in the second pile; if not, we leave it in the first and come back later. And so on until there is confident memorization. When you go through the cards, try to come up with examples - this also activates imaginative thinking, it’s easier to remember, and words are learned not separately, but in context.
- Poems. More like a child's way. But in whom does not a child live?? If you like it and evoke positive emotions, then why not? Here are examples of such poems
I'm at the buffet buy-bought-bought (buy)
First class sandwich
For him I pay-paid-paid, (pay)
In the classroom, on the desk lay-laid-laid (put)
And not at all think-thought-thought, (think)
That his neighbor will make him smarter.
And now I'm very sad -
Smell-smelt-smelt it’s very tasty! (smell)
Look, Screwtape's slingshot
Put-put-put (put) in your pocket
And begin-began-begun (begin)
Bully bully!
He's a pillow cut-cut-cut, (cut)
Brother in the bathroom shut-shut-shut, (close)
All newspapers are light-lit-lit, (set on fire)
Hit-hit-hit dog. (beat)
He ring-rang-rung (call) the neighbor
And, of course, run-ran-run. (run)
And not at all think-thought-thought, (think)
That the police will come.
Dig-dug-dug we are a vegetable garden, (dig)
Come-came-come there people. (come)
We said: “Go-went-gone, (go, leave)
This is not a farce for you.”We fight-fought-fought with our enemies, (fight, fight)
They are caught in a catch-caught-caught trap. (catch, catch)
Day bring-brought-brought good luck, (bring)
We get-got-got reward. (receive)
If the hares bite-bit-bitten, (bite)
Don't give them eat-ate-eaten, (eat)
They will soon learn-learnt-learnt (learn)
Dashing matches burn-burnt-burnt. (spark off)
If a friend meet-met-met, (meet)
Keep him tight-kept-kept. (hold)
Well, what if lose-lost-lost, (to lose)
That's why it's cost-cost-cost. (cost)
Airplanes fly-flow-flown. (fly)
Our children are grow-grew-grown. (grow)
Well, the wind blow-blew-blown, (blow)
He knows-knew-known about everything. (know)
Grandfather and grandmother find-found-found (to find)
Basset hound dog.
Very close to old people
The dog become-became-become. (become)
Give-gave-given grandfather to him (give)
Dear basturma -
The dog needs to be fed-fed-fed (feed)
Something tasty for lunch!
Salad and cutlets for yourself
Old people don't let-let-let. (let)
Today grandmother and grandfather
Another life lead-led-led: (to lead)
Grandfather dozes in the bath with a smile,
Grandmother dwell-dwelt-dwelt in the closet, (dwell)
Dog in bed lie-lay-lain, (lie down)
Just like Saddam Hussein.
We break-broke-broken the old house – (to break)
It was very boring there.
New house we draw-drew-draw, (draw)
Build-built-built – and we’ll live. (build)
- I like the idea of classifying irregular verbs into groups based on the similarity of formation of the second and third forms. This way it is much easier to teach them.
Table of irregular verbs in English:
Group 1 – all three forms are the same
Cost | Cost | Cost | cost |
---|---|---|---|
Cut | Cut | Cut | Cut |
Put | Put | Put | Putting |
Hit | Hit | Hit | hit, hit |
Hurt | Hurt | Hurt | Injure |
Let's | Let's | Let's | Let |
Shut | Shut | Shut | Close |
Group 2 – the second and third forms coincide
Burn | Burnt | Burnt | Burn, burn |
---|---|---|---|
Learn | Learn | Learn | Learn |
Smell | Smelt | Smelt | Smell |
Feel | Felt | Felt | Feel |
Leave | Left | Left | Leave, leave |
Meet | Met | Met | Meet |
Dream | Dreamt | Dreamt | Dream |
Mean | Meant | Meant | mean, imply |
Keep | Kept | Kept | keep, store |
Sleep | Slept | Slept | Sleep |
Lend | Lent | Lent | lend, lend |
Send | Sent | Sent | Send |
Spend | Spent | Spent | Spend, spend |
Build | Built | Built | Build |
Lose | Lost | Lost | Lose, lose |
Shoot | Shot | Shot | Fire |
Get | Got | Got | Receive |
Light | Lit | Lit | Light up, illuminate |
Sit | Sat | Sat | Sit |
Buy | Bought | Bought | Buy |
Bring | Brought | Brought | Bring |
Catch | Caught | Caught | Catch |
Fight | Fought | Fought | Fight |
Teach | Taught | Taught | Teach, teach |
Sell | Sold | Sold | Sell |
Tell | Told | Told | Tell |
Find | Found | Found | Find |
Have | Had | Had | Have |
Hear | Heard | Heard | Hear |
Hold | Held | Held | Hold |
Read | Read | Read | Read |
Say | Said | Said | Talk, say |
Pay | Paid | Paid | To pay |
Make | Made | Made | Do, produce |
Understand | Understood | Understood | understand |
Stand | Stood | Stood | Stand |
Group 3 – the second and third forms do not match
Break | Broke | Broken | Break |
---|---|---|---|
Choose | Chose | Chosen | Choose |
Speak | Spoke | Spoken | Speak |
Steal | Stole | Stolen | Steal |
Wake | Woke | Woken | Wake up, wake up |
Drive | Drove | Driven | Drive |
Ride | Rode | Ridden | ride |
Rise | Rose | Risen | Get up |
Write | Wrote | Written | Write |
Beat | Beat | Beaten | Beat |
Bite | Bit | bitten | Bite |
Hide | Hid | Hidden | Hide |
Eat | Ate | Eaten | Eat |
Fall | Fell | Fallen | Fall |
Forget | Forgot | Forgotten | Forget |
Forgive | Forgave | Forgiven | Forgive |
Give | Gave | Given | Giving |
See | Saw | Seen | See |
Take | Took | Taken | Take |
Blow | Blew | Blown | Blow |
Grow | Grew | Grown | Grow |
Know | Knew | Known | Know |
Throw | Threw | Thrown | Throw |
Fly | Flew | Flown | Fly |
Draw | Drew | Drawn | Paint |
Show | Showed | Shown | Show |
Begin | Began | Begun | Start off |
Drink | Drank | Drunk | Drink |
Swim | Swam | Swum | Swim |
Sing | Sang | Sung | Sing |
Ring | Rang | Rung | Call |
Run | Ran | Run | Run |
Come | Came | Come | Come |
Become | Became | Become | Become |
Be | Was/were | Been | be |
Go | Went | Gone | go, walk |
- To make the process of memorizing irregular verbs more fun, my students and I make up stories together. That is, one person takes out a card, remembers all the forms and meanings, and then writes a sentence using the second or third form. The next one takes out the second card and continues the story. As a rule, it turns out very funny. And bright positive emotions, especially laughter, are known to promote memory.
Don’t put it off for a long time - it’s better to cut some leaves right now, make cards - and go ahead! And find an accomplice to make up stories.
Irregular Verbs in English, these are verbs that have special forms (Past Simple) and (Past Participle). Among them there are both very common ones (feel - to feel, speak - to speak) and rare ones (cleave - to cut, forswear - to renounce). The tables below show common irregular verbs.
Read also:
Despite the fact that irregular verbs change in a special way, they still have some regularity. In the table below, the verbs are given with translation and transcription and are distributed based on the coincidence of forms:
- Verbs AAA - all three forms are the same (cut - cut - cut, cut).
- ABA verbs – the 1st and 3rd forms coincide (run – ran – run, run).
- Verbs ABC – the 2nd and 3rd forms coincide (teach – taught – taught, teach).
- ABC verbs – all forms are different (know – knew – known, know).
Inside the table, words are distributed not alphabetically, but by frequency, i.e. the higher the word, the more often it is used. Attached to the tables pdf files– you can print them out, stick them on cardboard and cut out cards for learning words.
AAA verbs: the same in three forms Download PDF | |||
---|---|---|---|
Translation | Infinitive | Past Simple | Past Participle |
put | put |
put |
put |
let | let |
let |
let |
cut | cut |
cut |
cut |
put (install) | set |
set |
set |
bet | bet |
bet |
bet |
throw (cast metal) | cast |
cast |
cast |
cost | cost |
cost |
cost |
beat | hit |
hit |
hit |
to cause a pain | hurt |
hurt |
hurt |
to knit | knit |
knit |
knit |
stop | quit |
quit |
quit |
distribute | spread |
spread |
spread |
ABA type verbs: forms 1 and 3 match | |||
run | run |
ran |
run |
come | come |
came |
come |
become | become |
became |
become |
Verbs like ABB: forms 2 and 3 match | |||
read | read |
read |
read |
teach (gain knowledge) | learn |
learn (learned) |
learn (learned) |
think | think [θiŋk] |
thought [θɔ:t] |
thought [θɔ:t] |
teach (educate) | teach |
taught |
taught |
smell (smell) | smell |
smelt |
smelt |
hear | hear |
heard |
heard |
hold | hold |
held |
held |
bring | bring |
brought |
brought |
stand | stand |
stood |
stood |
lose (lose) | lose |
lost |
lost |
meet | meet |
met |
met |
lead | lead |
led |
led |
understand | understand [ʌndə’stænd] |
understood [ʌndə’stud] |
understood [ʌndə’stud] |
win | win |
won |
won |
buy | buy |
bought |
bought |
send | send |
sent |
sent |
sell | sell |
sold |
sold |
catch | catch |
caught |
caught kɔ:t] |
fight | fight |
fought |
fought |
put (lay) | lay |
laid |
laid |
sit | sit |
sat |
sat |
bind | bind |
bound |
bound |
bleed | bleed |
bled |
bled |
build | build |
built |
built |
burn | burn |
burnt |
burnt |
deal with | deal |
dealt |
dealt |
dig | dig |
dug |
dug |
feed | feed |
fed |
fed |
hang | hang |
hung |
hung |
hide | hide |
hid |
hidden [‘hɪdn] |
lean | lean |
lean (leaned) |
lean (leaned) |
lend (to someone) | lend |
tape |
tape |
illuminate | light |
lit |
lit |
ride | ride |
rode |
ridden [‘rɪdn] |
sew | sew |
sewed |
sewed (sewn) |
spell or spell | spell |
spelled |
spelled |
shed | spill |
spilt |
spilt |
spit | spit |
spat (spit) |
spat (spit) |
spoil | spoiler |
spoilt |
spoilt |
stick | stick |
stuck |
stuck |
strike | strike |
struck |
struck |
sweep | sweep |
swept |
swept |
cry | weep |
wept |
wept |
twist | wind |
wound |
wound |
Verbs likeABC: all forms are different |
|||
go | go |
went |
gone |
know | know |
knew |
known |
take | take |
took |
taken [‘teik(ə)n] |
see | see |
saw |
seen |
give | give |
gave |
given |
write | write |
wrote |
written [‘ritn] |
speak | speak |
spoke |
spoken [‘spouk(e)n] |
drive a car | drive |
drove |
driven [‘drivn] |
break | break |
broke |
broken [‘brouk(e)n] |
wear clothes) | wear |
wore |
worn |
There is | eat |
ate |
eaten [‘i:tn] |
drink | drink |
drank |
drunk |
draw (draw) | draw |
drew |
drawn |
steal | steal |
stole |
stolen [‘stəulən] |
throw | throw [θrəu] |
threw [θru:] |
thrown [θrəun] |
blow | blow |
blew |
blown |
fall | fall |
fell |
fallen [‘fɔ:lən] |
start off | begin |
began |
begun |
forget | forget |
forgot |
forgotten |
forgive | forgive |
forgave |
forgiven |
fly | fly |
flew |
flown |
freeze (freeze) | freeze |
froze |
frozen [‘frouzn] |
grow | grow |
grew |
grown |
call | ring |
rank |
rung |
shake | shake [ʃeik] |
shook [ʃuk] |
shaken [‘ʃeik(ə)n] |
sing | sing |
sang |
sung |
stink | stink |
stank (stunk) |
stunk |
try | strive |
strove |
striven [‘strɪvn] |
to swear | swear |
swore |
sworn |
tear | tear |
tore |
torn |
wake | wake |
woke up |
woken [‘wouk(e)n] |
Pay attention to the words read And wind. In the 2nd and 3rd forms read is read as . And the verb wind - to twist, should not be confused with the noun wind - wind.
The ten most basic irregular verbs
Among the commonly used irregular verbs we can distinguish the most basic. You need to know them first. Start learning verbs from them, and not in alphabetical order. You can learn them in literally 5 – 10 minutes.
Translation | Infinitive (1st form) | Past Simple (2nd form) | Past Participle (3rd form) |
---|---|---|---|
go | go |
went |
gone |
know | know |
knew |
known |
think | think [θiŋk] |
thought [θɔ:t] |
thought [θɔ:t] |
take | take |
took |
taken [‘teik(ə)n] |
see | see |
saw |
seen |
give | give |
gave |
given |
write | write |
wrote |
written [‘ritn] |
speak | speak |
spoke |
spoken [‘spouk(e)n] |
hear | hear |
heard |
heard |
buy | buy |
bought |
bought |
These verbs need to be learned first
Notes:
- Over time, some verbs have almost turned from irregular to regular. For example, even in not very old textbooks it is written that the verb to work– irregular, it has the forms: work – wrought – wrought. Now the form wrought is hardly used except in established expressions like “wrought iron,” so I have not included it in this table.
- Verbs to learn(learn), to lean(lean) are also more often used as correct: learned, leaned, especially in the USA.
- Pay attention to the forms read – read – read. The word is written the same, but read differently.
- Don't confuse the verb wind(twist) and noun wind- wind. They are spelled the same, but have different pronunciation and meanings.
- In the British version the verbs sew pronounced like
The English language requires a detailed and systematic approach. Of course, if the priority is to gain knowledge that will help in practice. A special place within this goal is occupied by, for which there are quite rational explanations.
Verb / Verb |
|||
be | was, were | been | Be |
beat | beat | beaten ["bi:tn] | Beat |
become | became | become | Become |
begin | began | begun | Start off |
bleed | bled | bled | Bleed |
blow | blew | blown | Blow |
break | broke | broken ["brouk(e)n] | Break |
bring | brought | brought | Bring |
build | built | built | Build |
burn | burnt | burnt | burn |
burst | burst | burst | Break out |
buy | bought | bought | Buy |
catch | caught | caught | Catch, grab, catch |
choose | chose [ʃəuz] | chosen | Choose |
come | came | come | Come |
cost | cost | cost | Cost |
creep | crept | crept | Crawl |
cut | cut | cut | Cut |
do | did | done | Do |
draw | drew | drawn | Draw, drag |
dream | dream | dream | Dream, doze |
drink | drank | drunk | Drink |
drive | drove | driven ["drivn] | Drive |
eat | ate | eaten ["i:tn] | Eat |
fall | fell | fallen ["fɔ:lən] | Fall |
feed | fed | fed | Feed |
feel | felt | felt | Feel |
fight | fought | fought | Fight |
find | found | found | Find |
fit | fit | fit | Fit to size |
fly | flew | flown | Fly |
forget | forgot | forgotten | Forget |
forgive | forgave | forgiven | Forgive |
freeze | froze | frozen ["frouzn] | Freeze |
get[get] | got | got | Receive |
give | gave | given | Giving |
go | went | gone | Go |
grow | grew | grown | Grow |
hang | hung | hung | Hang |
have | had | had | Have |
hear | heard | heard | Hear |
hide | hid | hidden ["hidn] | Hide |
hit | hit | hit | Hit the target |
hold | held | held | Hold |
hurt | hurt | hurt | Hurt |
keep | kept | kept | Contain |
kneel | knelt | knelt | Kneel |
know | knew | known | Know |
lay | laid | laid | Putting |
lead | led | led | News |
lean | leant | leant | Tilt |
learn | learn | learn | Learn |
leave | left | left | Leave |
lend | tape | tape | Occupy |
let | let | let | Let |
lie | lay | lain | Lie |
light | lit | lit | illuminate |
lose | lost | lost | Lose |
make | made | made | Produce |
mean | meant | meant | To mean |
meet | met | met | Meet |
mistake | mistook | mistaken | To be wrong |
pay | paid | paid | To pay |
prove | proved | proven | Prove |
put | put | put | Put |
quit | quit | quit | Go out |
read | read | read | Read |
ride | rode | ridden ["ridn] | Ride a horse |
ring | rank | rung | Ring |
rise | rose | risen ["rizn] | Get up |
run | ran | run | Run |
say | said | said | Speak |
see | saw | seen | See |
seek | sought | sought | Search |
sell | sold | sold | Sell |
send | sent | sent | Send |
set | set | set | Put |
sew | sewed | sewn | Sew |
shake [ʃeik] | shook [ʃuk] | shaken ["ʃeik(ə)n] | Shake |
show [ʃəu] | showed [ʃəud] | shown [ʃəun] | Show |
shrink [ʃriŋk] | shrank [ʃræŋk] | shrunk [ʃrʌŋk] | Reduce |
shut [ʃʌt] | shut [ʃʌt] | shut [ʃʌt] | Close |
sing | sang | sung | Sing |
sink | sank, sunk | sunk | Drown |
sit | sat | sat | Sit |
sleep | slept | slept | Sleep |
slide | slide | slide | Slide |
sow | sowed | south | Sow |
speak | spoke | spoken ["spouk(e)n] | Speak |
spell | spelled | spelled | To spell |
spend | spent | spent | Spend |
spill | spilt | spilt | Shed |
spoiler | spoilt | spoilt | Spoil |
spread | spread | spread | spread out |
spring | sprang | sprung | Jump |
stand | stood | stood | Stand |
steal | stole | stolen ["stəulən] | Steal |
stick | stuck | stuck | prick |
sting | stung | stung | Sting |
sweep | swept | swept | Sweep |
swell | swelled | swollen ["swoul(e)n] | Swell |
swim | swam | swum | Swim |
swing | swung | swung | Sway |
take | took | taken ["teik(ə)n] | Take, take |
teach | taught | taught | Learn |
tear | tore | torn | Tear |
tell | told | told | Tell |
think [θiŋk] | thought [θɔ:t] | thought [θɔ:t] | Think |
throw [θrəu] | threw [θru:] | thrown [θrəun] | Throw |
understand [ʌndə"stænd] | understood [ʌndə"stud] | understood [ʌndə"stud] | Understand |
wake | woke up | woken ["wouk(e)n] | Wake up |
wear | wore | worn | Wear |
weep | wept | wept | Cry |
wet | wet | wet | Get wet |
win | won | won | Win |
wind | wound | wound | Wriggle |
write | wrote | written ["ritn] | Write |
Why is it important to know English irregular verbs?
So, irregular verbs, as mentioned above, play a key role in the successful learning of the English language. Many people were able to verify this. Let's consider the main nuances.
Practice shows: half of the mistakes made in speech and writing are in the incorrect use of verb forms and tenses. Often a verb is superfluous in a sentence or used falsely. This can completely change the meaning. The principle of learning English is that you need to start with those topics in which mistakes are often made. That's why table of irregular verbs must be fully studied. Otherwise, you can really get negative consequences consisting of confusion of phrases. When a lot of mistakes occur, the desire to learn a language disappears. This cannot be allowed. It is important to focus on the success of the task. With the right approach, all goals will be achieved.
Irregular verbs can be used as builders of phrases and sentences that are unique in their impact and originality. English philologists are proud of such verbs, attributing them to the origins of the ancient Germanic language. Many English-speaking poets and writers drew creative strength from them. Readers may say that they are not going to write poetry in English (although in time everything is possible, it is difficult to predict the turns of fate). However, they form its foundation. Without them it is impossible to master the English language. Many people who devoted their free time to studying an international language were able to verify this. A systematic approach will allow you to master all topics, including those that are considered difficult to study.
The study of irregular verbs is also required for the reason that some regular verbs are very similar to them. For example, found is similar to an irregular verb. If you perceive it this way, then in practice you will end up with confusion. Every nuance is important and should be taken into account.
You need to start learning irregular verbs as early as possible. They are mostly based on exceptions rather than rules. This difficult moment should spur and stimulate. Regular verbs will become much easier to learn later. At all, basic irregular verbs in English still have a certain system. She will help in their development.
Irregular verbs are difficult, that's a fact. However, it is worth devoting at least 10 minutes every day to these “insidious parts of speech” so that they are learned once and for all. Having a certain system will make the task a little easier. It is important to understand: without irregular verbs there will be no English language. Therefore, it is worth spending time on them.
In the past tense, the verb after any pronoun comes in the same form - with the ending - ed - or completely changes its shape. In the first case, we are dealing with regular verbs whose endings are - ed . In the second case, we are faced with irregular verbs.
You cannot add to them - E.D. , because in the past tense these verbs change completely.
This is exactly what we are seeing with do. It's not in the past tense done (as it should be according to the rule), and did , because do is an irregular verb.
So how do you determine whether a verb is regular or not?
A little “female” logic will help us here: you just need to learn the table of irregular verbs and their translation. Those not on this list are correct. But the catch is that there are about 200 irregular verbs! And multiply this number by 3 (an irregular verb has 3 forms: one is the present tense, the second is the past tense, the third is the participle). However, the list of verbs necessary in everyday life is not so extensive - almost 2 times less. You need to know them first of all.
How to remember irregular verbs?
Repeat out loud 3 forms of each verb, so they are perfectly remembered - like a rhyme! Or print out a book to quickly memorize irregular verbs ().
Table of irregular verbs with translations
Table. Irregular verbs with translation
Present tense | Past tense | Participle | Translation |
1. awake | awoke | awoken | wake up |
2. be | was, were | been | be |
3.beat | beat | beaten | beat |
4. become | became | become | become |
5.begin | began | begun | start off |
6. bend | bent | bent | bend over, bend over |
7. bite | bit | bitten | bite |
8.blow | blew | blown | blow |
9. break | broke | broken | break |
10.bring | brought | brought | bring |
11.broadcast | broadcast | broadcast | broadcast |
12. build | built | built | build |
13. burn | burned/burnt | burned/burnt | burn, burn |
14.buy | bought | bought | buy |
15.catch | caught | caught | catch |
16. choose | chose | chosen | choose |
17. come | came | come | come |
18. cost | cost | cost | cost |
19.cut | cut | cut | cut |
20.dig | dug | dug | dig |
21. do | did | done | do |
22.draw | drew | drawn | 1. draw 2. pull |
23. dream | dreamed/dreamt | dreamed/dreamt | dream |
24. drive | drove | driven | manage |
25.drink | drank | drunk | drink |
26. eat | ate | eaten | There is |
27. fall | fell | fallen | fall |
28.feel | felt | felt | feel |
29. fight | fought | fought | fight |
30.find | found | found | find |
31.fly | flew | flown | fly |
32. forget | forgot | forgotten | forget |
33.forgive | forgave | forgiven | forgive |
34.freeze | froze | frozen | freeze |
35.get | got | gotten | receive |
36.give | gave | given | give |
37. go | went | gone | go |
38.grow | grew | grown | grow |
39.hang | hung | hung | hang |
40. have | had | had | possess, have |
41. hear | heard | heard | hear |
42.hide | hid | hidden | hide |
43. hit | hit | hit | strike |
44. hold | held | held | hold |
45. hurt | hurt | hurt | hurt |
46. keep | kept | kept | keep |
47. know | knew | known | know |
48. lay | laid | laid | put |
49.lead | led | led | lead |
50. learn | learned/learnt | learned/learnt | learn |
51. leave | left | left | leave |
52.lend | tape | tape | lend |
53.let | let | let | let |
54. lie | lay | lain | lie |
55. lose | lost | lost | lose |
56. make | made | made | do |
57. mean | meant | meant | mean |
58. meet | met | met | meet |
59.pay | paid | paid | to pay |
60. put | put | put | put |
61. read | read | read | read |
62. ride | rode | ridden | ride a horse |
63. ring | rank | rung | call |
64.rise | rose | risen | get up |
65. run | ran | run | run |
66. say | said | said | say |
67. see | saw | seen | see |
68. sell | sold | sold | sell |
69. send | sent | sent | send |
70.show | showed | showed/shown | show |
71.shut | shut | shut | close |
72. sing | sang | sung | sing |
73. sit | sat | sat | sit |
74. sleep | slept | slept | sleep |
75.speak | spoke | spoken | talk |
76. spend | spent | spent | spend |
77.stand | stood | stood | stand |
78. swim | swam | swum | swim |
79. take | took | taken | take |
80. teach | taught | taught | teach |
81. tear | tore | torn | tear |
82. tell | told | told | tell |
83. think | thought | thought | think |
84.throw | threw | thrown | throw |
85. understand | understood | understood | understand |
86.wake | woke up | woken | wake up |
87. wear | wore | worn | wear |
88. win | won | won | win |
89. write | wrote | written | write |