Every year, approximately half a million Russians are diagnosed with cancer, and about 280 thousand of our citizens die due to this disease. Moreover, if a neoplasm is detected at the first or second stage, it can be cured in approximately 95% of cases. About how to detect cancer at an early stage, what examinations you need to undergo and how to minimize the risk of cancer, the day before world day the director of the Herzen Moscow Research Oncology Institute, Professor Andrei Kaprin, told RIA Novosti about the fight against cancer. Interviewed by Tatyana Stepanova.
— Andrey Dmitrievich, tell us how things stand in the country today with regard to morbidity and mortality from malignant tumors?
— In the structure of population mortality, malignant neoplasms occupy second place (14.9%) after cardiovascular diseases (54.8%).
Every year, approximately 480 thousand new cases of cancer are detected, and more than 280 thousand people die. Of these, a sufficiently large number of people of working age (15.5%). This situation is largely due to the fact that people seek medical help late. In an advanced stage, cancer is detected in every fifth patient, and this leads to the fact that mortality in the first year after diagnosis in our country reaches 26%. And in the treatment of cancer early stage the 10-year survival rate reaches 95% or more.
The disease is mainly diagnosed in older people - 60 years and above. The probability of developing cancer in men under the age of 60 is 8.2%, in women at this age - 8.7%. And after the age of 60, these figures look like this: 21.6% for men and 17.3% for women. Thus, the longer life expectancy in a country, the more attention should be paid to preventive examinations.
In those Russian regions, where there is a high depopulation of cities and villages (the young leave, the elderly remain), the mortality rate from malignant neoplasms indirectly increases, while the detection rate remains the same. At our institute we maintain an all-Russian cancer registry, and this is nothing more than the best epidemiological study, thanks to which we receive all the information on cancer diseases in the regions.
— Which regions have achieved success in treating cancer?
— In Kazan and Khabarovsk they work quite well to identify and treat such patients. There, primary care doctors are on an oncological alert, special tests are taken en masse: for men - for prostate specific antigen (PSA), for women - for CA 125. These studies make it possible to detect prostate cancer at an early stage in men and cervical cancer in women. In women, unfortunately, the incidence of cancer in this particular location is now growing very strongly. Over ten years, the increase was about 30% overall among women, and at the age of up to 29 years it almost doubled, and up to 44 years - 1.5 times. We believe that this is due to the early onset of sexual activity, promiscuity and the spread of the human papillomavirus.
— What studies need to be done for men, women and at what age in order to diagnose the disease at an early stage?
— Women over 39 years of age should undergo regular cervical and breast examinations. Men over 45 years of age should be examined by a urologist for prostate cancer. Hidden blood in the stool can be a very important indicator. We recommend that women and men over 45 years of age get tested to detect it.
Despite the prevalence of these diseases, lung cancer still ranks first. Unfortunately, fluorography is not enough to detect it at an early stage, so we recommend that you undergo an x-ray examination annually. Skin cancer is also a fairly common neoplasm.
Moreover, the most malignant skin tumor is localized on the back, on the shoulder blade. Unfortunately, it is not very disturbing at the beginning of the disease.
— Does this mean that sunbathing is harmful?
“Of course, it’s a disgrace when we go to regions where the sun is very hot, and we don’t think at all about protecting our skin. When local population wears completely covered clothes, we lie in the direct rays of the sun and “sunbathe” - this is no good. I also think that we have a lot of unlicensed solariums, the activities of which no one controls, this has been written about more than once.
— Can a person himself suspect or recognize the first signs of cancer?
- Cancer lung man may suspect it only at a late stage of the disease or when the bronchus is affected and cough and hemoptysis appear. Before this, it is completely asymptomatic. Of course, at the initial stage lung cancer can be seen on an x-ray, but the radiologist must also be experienced and competent.
That’s why I keep repeating: women should have an ultrasound of the mammary glands and mammography every year. Men should see a doctor if they have urinary problems. You need to donate blood for PSA. This does not require special preparation and does not take much time.
— Why do you think some of our citizens still prefer to receive treatment abroad?
— Modern medicine has no boundaries, best ways fight against the disease become quickly available to doctors different countries. Treatment both abroad and here follows the same international protocols. Nevertheless, there are those who prefer to go to a foreign clinic. Everyone has their own reason for this. Some doctors have stopped maintaining medical confidentiality. If a person holds certain positions, he, of course, will not want his illnesses to become public. The second reason lies in the fact that some charitable organizations raise money for help abroad, in fact, children are treated in our clinics, and charitable organizations help these centers survive.
And finally, rehabilitation after surgical interventions. Our specialists perform operations just as well. We recently discharged a 19-year-old girl who was refused treatment in Germany as inoperable. She had an extensive malignant substernal tumor. And after we operated on her, this girl’s mother showed the pictures to German doctors. They gave a standing ovation for three minutes. Now the girl has already gone to work.
— Do you think it is necessary to change the procedure for medical examination, especially in terms of examinations for cancer? Can primary care doctors detect a tumor at the first or second stage?
— The oncological component of clinical examination of the adult population involves two stages. The first is to identify a risk group using the studies we talked about. At the second stage, the diagnosis is clarified. I believe that medical examination in the form in which it is currently taking place is fully justified.
— Early diagnosis of cancer would significantly reduce mortality. Nevertheless, unfortunately, most people in Russia prefer not to be examined, but to live according to the principle “until the thunder strikes...” How to convince the population not to adhere to this rule?
- Convince, show, prove. For example, on the basis of our institute, we created the National Center for Oncology of the Reproductive Organs, the goal of which is to strengthen cooperation between doctors and patients and popularize medical knowledge in this area.
Starting this year, we regularly began to spend days on Saturdays open doors for residents of the neighboring Northern District, we invite them to a free initial diagnosis of the most common diseases. And we do it quite successfully - people go and get checked.
In order to organize a direct channel of communication with the population and receive feedback, we created, together with the prefecture of the Northern District, the Public Committee "Medical Control" and intend, in cooperation with public organizations, to monitor how they provide medical care in our city. These measures, I am sure, will increase the level of mutual trust and medical literacy of the population.
— How can you minimize your risk of developing cancer?
— Among the main causes of cancer incidence, as statistics show, the leading position is occupied by poor nutrition- up to 35%. In second place is smoking - up to 32%. Thus, two thirds of cancer cases are caused by these factors. We also recommend not to get carried away with tanning and not to consume products with dyes. And visit your doctor regularly.
If you have a history of cancer in your family or have been diagnosed with pre-cancerous disease, it is expected that you will want to learn how to spot the early symptoms of cancer. Because the symptoms, severity, and progression of cancer are unique to each person, it is important to monitor your body for any changes. If you wish, talk to your doctor about genetic testing to determine your risk for certain types of cancer. By being aware of the risks, monitoring symptoms, and catching cancer early, you can increase your chances of survival.
Steps
Part 1
Early symptoms of cancer-
Pay attention to changes in your skin. Skin cancer can cause your skin to change color, making it darker, yellower, or redder. If your skin changes color, increases in hair growth, or develops itchy patches on your skin, make an appointment with your physician or dermatologist. If you have moles, make sure they haven't changed in any way. Another symptom of cancer is an unusual lump or lump on the surface of the body.
- Watch for sores that won't heal or white patches in the mouth and tongue.
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Monitor changes in bowel movements or urination. Constipation that won't go away, diarrhea, or any changes in the size of your stool may indicate colon cancer. Symptoms of colon cancer or Bladder relate:
- Painful sensations when urinating
- Frequent or, conversely, infrequent urination
- Signs of blood or other discharge
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Determine if you have lost weight. If you haven't been on a diet but have lost weight, you have unexplained weight loss. Weight loss of more than 4.5 kg is an early sign of pancreatic, stomach, esophageal or lung cancer.
- You may also experience dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) or indigestion after eating. They can be symptoms of cancer of the esophagus, throat and stomach.
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Beware of symptoms of common illnesses. Some early cancer symptoms may resemble those common cold, with some major differences. You may have a cough, fatigue, fever, or unexplained pain (such as severe headache). But unlike a cold, you won't get better with rest, your cough won't go away, and despite your fever, you won't show signs of infection.
- Pain can be one of the very first symptoms of cancer to appear. Typically, the temperature rises after the cancer has progressed.
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Don't diagnose yourself. You should not assume that a few matching symptoms absolutely indicate that you have cancer. Symptoms of cancer can vary greatly and are not specific. This means that many similar symptoms can indicate a number of other diseases of varying severity.
- For example, fatigue can indicate many things, and cancer is just one of these things. Fatigue may turn out to be a symptom of a completely different disease. This is why proper medical examination is very important.
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Talk to your doctor about diagnosing other types of cancer. Because some types of cancer do not have specific guidelines, discuss your risk factors with your doctor. Your doctor will then decide whether you should be tested. Ask your dentist for recommendations regarding oral cancer. Ask your doctor if you should be tested for the following types of cancer:
- Prostate cancer
- Cancer of the uterus
- Thyroid cancer
- Lymphoma
- Testicular cancer
Part 3
Genetic testing-
Consult your doctor. Not all people need to undergo genetic testing to determine risk factors. If you think you would benefit from learning about your genetic cancer risks, talk to your doctor and make sure he or she knows your and your family's medical history. Your doctor (and geneticist) can help you determine whether you are at risk of developing cancer and whether you should have genetic testing.
- Many cancers that can be tested for through genetic testing are quite rare, so it is important to understand whether you should have the test at all.
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Weigh the pros and cons of genetic testing. Because genetic testing can determine factors for cancer development, it can help you decide how often you should have physical exams and screening tests. Genetic testing results may provide little information, be misinterpreted, and make you feel anxious and anxious. It can also cost you several hundred thousand rubles. Many Insurance companies will not cover the cost of the test, so check with your insurance company to determine how much you will have to pay. Experts recommend genetic testing if:
- You or members of your family have an increased risk of developing a certain type of cancer
- Testing can clearly show the presence or absence of genetic changes
- The test results will help you create a care plan.
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Find out which types of cancer can be tested for through genetic testing. The test can identify genes that are responsible for more than 50 types of hereditary cancer syndromes. If you test positive for the presence of a gene for a certain type of cancer, it does not mean you will get it. Genes for the following cancer syndromes can be detected in genetic testing:
- Hereditary breast cancer and ovarian cancer syndrome
- Li-Fraumeni syndrome
- Lynch syndrome (hereditary colon cancer without polyposis)
- Familial adenomatous polyposis
- Retinoblastoma
- Multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (Wermer syndrome) and type II Discuss the test results with your doctor. If genetic testing is positive for the presence of a gene for a certain type of cancer, your doctor or genetic counselor will tell you about further testing or preventive measures. A genetic counselor is trained to provide emotional support. They will also refer you to a support group and provide other assistance.
- A positive genetic test result does not mean you will get this type of cancer, only that you are at increased risk of developing it. Whether it appears depends on you, the specific gene, family history, your lifestyle and the environment in which you live.
If cancer is detected at an early stage of development, it can be cured. It is important to monitor your body, understand what condition is considered normal for it, and if abnormalities appear, consult a doctor. In this case, if you have cancer, doctors will notice it at a very early stage.
There are various common cancer symptoms. If you notice them in yourself, this means that certain changes are occurring in your body. Contact your doctor if you have:
- tumor;
- shortness of breath, cough, hoarseness;
- bleeding;
- changes in the functioning of the digestive tract;
- moles;
- causeless weight loss.
What to do if the first symptoms of cancer are detected? Let's try to answer this question.
Tumors
If you know how your body works when normal conditions, That you can identify oncology, or rather, suspect it when early changes appear, the cause of which may be a disease. If you notice a tumor anywhere on your body, consult a doctor immediately. It’s very good if you can tell exactly how long ago you had it, whether it’s bothering you, and whether it’s increasing in size. Very often, cancerous tumors are completely painless.
It is extremely difficult to recognize a tumor of oncological origin by touch. However, if the doctor suspects that you have a malignant neoplasm, he will refer you to the right specialist for further examination and testing.
It should be taken into account that if swelling and bumps appear in your body quite often, then most likely they are not malignant.
Shortness of breath, cough, hoarseness
The so-called chest symptoms of cancer are cough, shortness of breath and hoarseness. Of course, they can be caused by infections, inflammation, and other diseases and ailments, but in some cases such signs indicate lung cancer. If you have been experiencing shortness of breath and cough for more than two weeks, consult a doctor immediately. You should also see a specialist if you see blood in your sputum.
Hoarseness is often caused by laryngitis. This disease means inflammation of the larynx. However, in rare cases, hoarseness is an early symptom of laryngeal cancer. If such ailment has been tormenting you for more than two weeks, go see a specialist.
Disorders of the digestive tract
A sign of changes in the functioning of the digestive tract is the presence of blood in the stool. It is usually bright red or dark. The presence of fresh, scarlet blood is a sign of hemorrhoids.
A symptom of cancer may be a change in the frequency of the digestive tract (constipation or diarrhea) for no apparent reason. Also, sometimes there is a feeling of insufficient bowel cleansing after stool. Some patients experience pain in the rectum or abdomen.
When interested in the types of tumors and the question of how to recognize them, it is important to remember that changes in stool do not always indicate the development of oncology. The reasons may lie in changes in diet, anxiety, intake medicines. If the stool does not return to normal within several weeks, then to exclude dangerous disease, you need to see a doctor.
Bleeding
Any bleeding for no apparent reason is a sign of a malfunction of the internal organs. This is a good reason to go to a specialist.
Bleeding from the rectum can be a sign of hemorrhoids, but also one of the symptoms of cancer of the internal organs.
If a woman has a malignant tumor in the uterus or cervix, bleeding may occur between menstruation or after sexual contact. If bleeding is observed in women after menopause, then she urgently needs to consult a doctor.
Blood in the urine may be a symptom of bladder cancer or kidney cancer. However, the cause of this phenomenon may also be an infection. Contact your doctor if you notice bloody discharge in your urine. By the way, you should take into account that sometimes urine turns pink due to the presence of dyes in food. This can happen if the day before you ate, for example, beets.
If when you cough, sputum comes out with blood, then the reason for this is a serious infectious disease. Sometimes this is a sign of lung cancer. Blood in vomit can signal stomach cancer, however, the cause of this phenomenon can also be an ulcer. Therefore, the exact answer to the question is how to identify cancer- you need to contact a specialist.
Nosebleeds and bruising are rare symptoms of cancer. Sometimes these signs are a consequence of leukemia. However, people suffering from this disease also have other, more obvious signs of cancer.
Moles
How does skin cancer manifest? Many people who have numerous moles on their bodies think about this. Let's try to answer this question.
A type of this disease is melanoma. As a rule, it manifests itself with a change appearance skin. Sometimes it seems that you have a new large mole. However, melanoma can also form in an existing mole. That is why it can be extremely difficult to distinguish benign from malignant formations.
You should consult a doctor immediately if your moles exhibit the following signs:
- asymmetry (moles are usually even and symmetrical, but melanomas are not);
- uneven edges;
- a color atypical for a mole (if moles, as a rule, have a brown tint, then melanomas are brown with black, pink, red, white and even bluish);
- large size (moles usually do not exceed 6 mm in diameter, melanomas - more than 7 mm);
- crusting, itching, bleeding: melanomas can bleed, become crusty, or itch (these symptoms of skin cancer are not common, but should not be forgotten).
If any marks appear on the skin that do not go away for several weeks, if you notice the above-described signs of melanoma, then consult a doctor immediately.
Unreasonable weight loss
How else can you determine oncology? Your body weight will tell you this. If in a relatively short period of time (for example, two months) you have lost a lot of weight, and at the same time you have not had stressful situations, strong physical activity or diet, then this is a serious reason to make an appointment with a doctor.
If weight loss is a consequence of cancer, then the patient may experience other signs: increased fatigue, pain, nausea.
What to do if you have alarming symptoms?
What to do if you notice the main symptoms of cancer? The answer is obvious: you need to see a doctor. Only a specialist can assess your condition and prescribe adequate treatment. Only a doctor can direct you to undergo x-rays, tests, etc.
If the doctor suspects cancer, he will direct you to do a biopsy, tomography, and also advise a specialized specialist. If the doctor decides that the cause of your illness is of a different nature, then in any case he will be able to help you cope with your ailments, and faster than if you were treated on your own.
The tricky thing about cancer is that pain appears only in the later stages. Are there “early” signs that can help you start treatment on time and save a life?
General and local symptoms
Detect cancer at an early stage before it spreads tentacles throughout the body metastasis, is a guarantee of a positive prognosis during treatment. Every year, about half a million people in our country are diagnosed with malignant tumors, half of them die.
These are those who went to the doctor too late.
95% of patients with a tumor detected at the first or second stage are successfully cured.
Whatever part of the body the malignant tumor is located, it reveals itself with the following symptoms:
More specific symptoms depend on the location of the malignant tumor.
Lungs' cancer
The leader of oncological diseases - lung cancer - is difficult to distinguish from other pathologies of the respiratory system, since in the first stages the following occur:
For this reason, patients are often treated for another pathology.
Mammary cancer
In the initial stages, there are simply no obvious signs of the disease, even with independent palpation. But still, a young woman should ensure a monthly self-examination of the breast, which includes:
Signs of cancer can be the slightest compaction, swelling and deformation, scales and wounds on the nipple and areola.
For women over 39 years of age, such an examination is not enough. To detect cancer on time, you need to undergo examination.
Male genital cancer
When palpated, suspicion should be caused by any swelling and compaction, even the size of a pea, a difference in size. Over time, aching pain and a feeling of heaviness appear in the testicles.
Prostate cancer is a menace that develops with age. It is dangerous because it occurs in the early stages unnoticed. Some people experience frequent urge to go to the toilet, pain in the perineum, blood in the urine, although there may be no first symptoms.
Laryngeal cancer
In 95% of cases of pathology, patients are also men. At an early stage, the disease reveals itself by hoarseness and changes in voice timbre, but only if the affected vocal cords. Vestibular cancer of the larynx occurs unnoticed until the tumor causes a sensation of presence foreign body, interferes with swallowing and breathing.
Digestive cancer
It will not be possible to detect intestinal cancer on your own at the first stage of development. It is usually discovered by chance - already in the later stages at a doctor’s appointment. Therefore, you need to be on alert if the following symptoms are observed for a long time:
- increased gas formation;
- feeling of intestinal fullness;
- alternating constipation and diarrhea;
- discomfort during bowel movements, false urges;
- blood in stool.
But this is the difficulty of diagnosis: similar symptoms are characteristic of hemorrhoids, paraproctitis and other diseases.
Stomach cancer reveals itself lack of appetite And temperature rise.
The feeling of heaviness and pain occurs much later.
For liver cancer, along with general symptoms appear:
- heaviness in the right hypochondrium;
- abdominal enlargement.
In glandular tissue, the tumor grows instantly. Within a month from the moment of its formation, it can be felt by palpation.
Cancer of the female genital organs
These include tumors of the ovary, vagina, cervix and uterine body.
No matter where the malignant neoplasm appears in the female genital organs, at an early stage the woman does not even suspect that a tumor is appearing inside her.
As the disease progresses, blood clots appear in female secretions.
For ovarian cancer - menstrual irregularities and frequent urination.
Skin cancer
The disease can be visually diagnosed even at an early stage. Signs of skin cancer are:
External defects can occur anywhere, even on the mucous membrane.
Brain cancer
Symptoms directly depend on which area of the brain the lump appears in and how large it is:
Even a benign tumor is dangerous for the brain.
Bone cancer
Almost immediately with the onset of the disease, a dull aching pain appears near the joint. Over time, it becomes more intense, swelling and redness appear. More often different types bone cancers occur in the legs, pelvis and chest, less often - on the head, including on the jaw.
What kind of examination should I undergo?
Since cancer is silent in the initial stages, regular preventive examinations and tests are recommended. Will tell you about the development of any type of cancer in the body blood analysis.
To confirm the diagnosis, more local studies are prescribed.
| Localization of cancer | Examination methods |
| Lungs | On early stages X-rays are not enough. It is necessary to undergo computed tomography (CT) or MRI of the lung, additionally endoscopic bronchography and biopsy. |
| Breast | X-ray mammography and ultrasound are performed. To determine the nature of the tumor, a biopsy is necessary. |
| Prostate | The urologist first examines through the anus with a finger, prescribes a PSA blood test and a biopsy. |
| Larynx | An otolaryngologist can recognize the disease by examining the throat with a special mirror. A more accurate diagnosis will be provided by direct fibrolaryngoscopy (examination with a flexible endoscope) and microlaryngoscopy (examination of the larynx using a microscope under anesthesia). |
| Digestive system | A gastroenterologist prescribes endoscopy, X-ray, tomography, and ultrasound examinations. For rectal cancer, the proctologist probes with his finger and prescribes a stool test. |
| Female genital organs | The gynecologist probes with his fingers. Cytology, X-ray, tomographic, and ultrasound examinations are more effective |
| Skin | A biopsy and cytological examination are prescribed. |
| Brain | Encephalography, radiography and MRI are performed. |
| Bones | Various types of tomography and biopsy are used. |
To reduce the risk of developing pathology, the examination should be annual.
IN human body Tissue changes constantly occur, which can be physiological or pathological in nature. It is very important to determine in time early symptoms of cancer, which is a key criterion for early diagnosis and complete cure of the patient. In oncology there are 15 reliable signs cancerous damage to organs that every person must know.
Early symptoms of cancer: 15 reliable symptoms
1. Pathology of the thoracic region
Oncological alertness is caused by the following changes in the breast area:
- dryness and inflammation of the skin;
- retraction and soreness of the nipple;
- purulent, bloody or clear discharge from the gland ducts;
- redness and peeling of the epithelium around the nipple.
After detecting early signs of breast cancer, the patient must be examined by an oncologist, who prescribes mammography and biopsy to establish a diagnosis.
2. Chronic bloating
This symptom, together with blood discharge, may signal a malignant neoplasm of the intestine or ovaries.
3. Presence of vaginal bleeding
Uterine cancer, symptoms in the early stages which occurs between menstrual cycles, requires immediate consultation with a gynecologist.
4. Skin changes
This symptom includes an increase in the size of the mole or its pigmentation. may indicate melanoma, which is a malignant tumor that metastasizes already at the initial stage of the disease. With epithelial cancer, skin thickening, bleeding ulcers and erosions can also be observed.
5. Presence of blood in urine and stool
Blood masses in the stool indicate hemorrhoids or colon cancer. Urine with blood can be considered early manifestation oncology of the bladder or kidneys.
6. Enlarged lymph nodes
Induration of the lymph nodes is often a consequence of the spread cancer cells By lymphatic system. Such early symptoms of cancer Depending on the type of cancer, they can be localized in the axillary, groin or cervical region. Establishing an oncological diagnosis in this case requires a comprehensive examination of the patient using radiography, ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.
7. Having problems swallowing food
Complete or partial obstruction of the esophagus indicates carcinoma (a malignant neoplasm of the epithelium of the mucous membrane of the digestive canal). In addition, patients may complain of pain during swallowing or the sensation of a foreign body in the larynx. During diagnosis, the doctor usually prescribes contrast radiography, which reveals the size and shape of the cancerous lesion. Confirmation of the diagnosis is carried out on the basis of biopsy data taken during an endoscopic examination.
8. Unreasonable weight loss
A sharp weight loss of more than ten kilograms raises concerns about cancer digestive system, pancreas, lungs or bones. Determining the cause of such changes in body weight requires the implementation of radiography and topographic studies.
9. Chronic heartburn
Patients with increased acidity, which lasts more than two weeks, are subject to gastroenterological examination. This is due to the fact that gastritis, peptic ulcers and malignant diseases cause chronic heartburn. If gastric discomfort occurs, patients are advised to change their daily diet. If heartburn is persistent, the patient should seek specialized help.
10. Changes in the mucous membrane oral cavity
Dentists indicate the need to undergo annual preventive examinations of the oral cavity. At the appointment, the dentist draws Special attention in the form of leukoplakia and hyperkeratosis. A special risk group for oral cancer is tobacco smokers and people with poor dental hygiene.
11. Fever
Chronic low-grade fever that lasts more than two weeks is an early sign of leukemia or another type of blood cancer. Diagnosis of such a disease includes a general and detailed blood test.
12. Chronic feeling of fatigue
General weakness and fatigue may indicate chronic disease cardiovascular system, vegetative-vascular dystonia or cancer. Therefore, to establish a diagnosis, the patient must undergo a comprehensive examination.
13. Cough
Chronic cough that does not disappear within 3-4 weeks requires additional diagnostics of the respiratory system. Oncological alertness is caused by periodic dry cough in smokers, and especially in combination with progressive shortness of breath. This symptom is often the first to appear. The presence of pulmonary carcinoma is also indicated by the presence of blood in the sputum after a coughing attack. The final diagnosis is made on the basis of radiography and puncture biopsy.
14. Pain syndrome
Pain that periodically bothers the patient may indicate the presence of a malignant neoplasm. associated with locally destructive tumor growth. In the initial stages, cancer pain can be relieved with the help of traditional painkillers. In the later stages, if the cancer patient needs to take narcotic analeptics.
15. Disorders nervous system
Neuroses and depression usually accompany cancer. Early symptoms of cancer central and peripheral nervous systems include apathy and depressive states. These signs cannot clearly indicate oncology and require additional diagnostics.