Executive authorities of Mongolia
The structure of the Government of Mongolia is shown in the table below:
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PRIME MINISTER OF MONGOLIA subordinate to: Central Intelligence Agency State Property Committee Information and Communication Technologies and Postal Service Communications Regulatory Committee Committee for State Development and Innovation Nuclear Energy Agency State Committee on Gender Equality |
http://www.gia.gov.mn/ http://www.spc.gov.mn/ http://www.ictpa.gov.mn/
http://www.ndic.gov.mn/english/ http://www.nea.gov.mn/ http://www.gender.gov.mn/ |
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FIRST DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER subordinate to: Intellectual Property Service Center for Standardization and Metrology Service for protection against unfair competition State Registration Service |
http://www.ipom.gov.mn/ http://www.masm.gov.mn/ http://www.ursulduun.mn/ http://www.registrationmongolia.com/
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DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER subordinate to: State Children's Service National Special Investigation Agency Emergency Management Agency State Committee to Combat AIDS/HIV |
http://www.nac.gov.mn/ http://www.inspection.gov.mn/ http://www.nema.mn/ http://www.nca.mn/
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Secretariat of the Cabinet of the Government of Mongolia subordinate to: Management Academy State and Government Service Agency |
http://cabinet.gov.mn/ http://www.aom.edu.mn/ http://www.sgsa.gov.mn/
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Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade subordinate to: Agency foreign investment and foreign trade |
http://www.mfat.gov.mn/ http://www.investmongolia.com/ |
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Ministry of Finance subordinate to: Mongolia Tax Administration Customs Service |
http://www.mof.gov.mn/ http://www.mta.mn/ http://www.ecustoms.mn/
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Ministry of Justice and Internal Affairs |
http://www.mojha.gov.mn/ |
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Ministry of Nature, environment and tourism |
http://www.mne.mn/index.php?lang=eng |
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Ministry of Defence |
http://www.mod.gov.mn/ |
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Ministry of Education, Culture and Science |
http://www.mecs.gov.mn/ |
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Ministry of Roads, Transport, Construction and Urban Development |
http://www.mrtcud.gov.mn/ |
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Ministry of Social Protection and Labor |
http://www.mswl.gov.mn/ |
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Ministry of Food, Agriculture and light industry |
http://www.mofa.gov.mn/ |
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Ministry of Natural Resources and Energy |
http://www.mmre.gov.mn/ |
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Ministry of Health |
http://www.moh.mn/ |
Mongolia Economic Overview
Mongolia GDP at parity purchasing power in 2009 amounted to approximately 9.435 billion US dollars, or 150th place in the world. In 2009, a decrease in GDP of 1% was recorded compared to 2008. For comparison, in the previous period, the country's economy grew by approximately 9% per year. In terms of GDP per capita, Mongolia ranks 166th in the world with US$3,100 per person.
Shares of industries in Mongolia's GDP (2009):
Agriculture: 21.2%
Industry: 29.5%
Services: 49.3%
34% of the working population is employed in agriculture, 5% in industry, and 61% in the service sector. The unemployment rate is approximately 2.8%. The population living below the poverty line, according to 2004 data, is 36.1%.
Mongolia's economy is heavily dependent on its immediate neighbors. Thus, Mongolia imports 95% of the petroleum products it consumes and a significant part of its electricity from Russia. More than half of Mongolia's foreign trade turnover is made up of trade with China - approximately 2/3 of Mongolian exports are sent to China. Mongolia has been a member of the WTO since 1997.
Main sectors of the economy of Mongolia.
Pasture farming. Pastoralism is still the main economic activity. Today, Mongolia is among the leading countries in the world in terms of livestock per capita (approximately 12 heads per person). Significant progress has also been made in livestock breeding and veterinary medicine.
Agriculture. IN economic life In Mongolia, agriculture plays a secondary role. Various crops are grown in the northern and western parts of the country, some using irrigation. The main crop is wheat, although barley, potatoes and oats are also grown. Experimental gardening has existed since the 1950s, and even melon growing in the Trans-Altai Gobi. Procurement of hay and feed for livestock plays a significant role.
Industry. A significant number of manufacturing enterprises are concentrated in Ulaanbaatar, and in the city of Darkhan to the north of the capital there is a coal mining, iron foundry and steel smelting complex. There are over two dozen cities with enterprises of national importance: in addition to the already mentioned Ulaanbaatar and Darkhan, the largest are Erdenet, Sukhbaatar, Baganur, Choibalsan. Mongolia produces more than a thousand types of industrial and agricultural products, most of which are consumed domestically, exports include furs, wool, leather, leather and fur products, livestock and livestock products, phosphorites, fluorites, and molybdenum ore.
Natural resources. Mongolia is rich in fur-bearing animals (especially many marmots, squirrels, and foxes); in some parts of the country, the fur trade is an important source of income for the population. Fishing is carried out in the lakes and rivers of the northern regions.
Raw material base The country contains deposits of copper, gold, coal, molybdenum, fluorspar, uranium, tin, and tungsten. There are 4 brown coal deposits in Mongolia (Nalaikha, Sharyngol, Darkhan, Baganur). In the south of the country, in the area of the Tavyn Tolgoi mountain range, coal was discovered, the geological reserves of which amount to billions of tons. Medium-sized deposits of tungsten and fluorspar have long been known and are being developed. Copper-molybdenum ore found in Treasure Mountain (Erdenetiin ovoo) led to the creation of a mining and processing plant, around which the city of Erdenet was built. Oil was discovered in Mongolia in 1951, after which an oil refinery was built in Sain Shanda, a city southeast of Ulaanbaatar, near the border with China (oil production ceased in the 1970s). Near Lake Khubsugul, gigantic deposits of phosphorites were discovered and their mining even began, but soon, due to environmental considerations, all work was reduced to a minimum.
Mining is actively attracting foreign investors. The majority of foreign direct investment is made in the mining industry of Mongolia. In October 2009, the Government of Mongolia signed an investment agreement to develop the Oyun Tolgoi copper deposit, which is one of the largest in the world.
Foreign trade of Mongolia
At the end of 2010, the balance of foreign trade turnover of Mongolia was negative and amounted to -378.7 million US dollars.
Exports in 2010 amounted to US$2.899 billion. Mongolia's main exports were copper, clothing, agricultural products, cashmere, wool, fluorspar, non-ferrous metals and coal. Main export partners: China 84.4%, Canada 4.9%, Russia 2.7%, UK 2.3%.
Imports in 2010 amounted to US$3.278 billion. Main import items: petroleum products, machinery and equipment, construction and heavy equipment, food products, industrial goods, chemical products, Construction Materials, sugar, tea. Import partners for 2010: Russia 33.3%, China 30.1%, Japan 6%, Republic of Korea 5.6%, USA 4.9%, Germany 2.7%.
Trade and economic cooperation between the Russian Federation and Mongolia
In 2010, the turnover of mutual trade between Russia and Mongolia increased by 41.7% compared to 2009 and amounted to $1,015.6 million, while Russian exports increased by 43.2% (to the level of $936.6 million), and imports from Mongolia increased by 25.7% (to $79.0 million). Russia's positive balance in trade with Mongolia in 2010 amounted to $857.6 million.
In January 2011, mutual trade turnover amounted to 117 million US dollars (+ 51.4% compared to January 2010), including Russian exports - 113 million dollars (+54.6%) and Russian imports from Mongolia - $4.0 million (-4.3%).
Trade turnover between Russia and Mongolia in 2006-2011
(according to the Federal Customs Service of Russia)
(USD million)
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2006 |
2007 |
2008 |
2009 |
2010 |
2011 January
|
|
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TURNOVER |
527,6 |
677,0 |
1 170,8 |
716,9 |
1015,6 |
117,0 |
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dynamics in % |
113,3 |
128,3 |
172,9 |
61,2 |
141,7 |
151,4 |
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EXPORT |
489,9 |
628,8 |
1 099,9 |
654,1 |
936,6 |
113,0 |
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dynamics in % |
110,5 |
128,3 |
174,9 |
59,5 |
143,2 |
154,6 |
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IMPORT |
37,6 |
48,2 |
70,9 |
62,8 |
79,0 |
4,0 |
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dynamics in % |
167,9 |
128,2 |
147,0 |
88,6 |
125,7 |
95,7 |
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BALANCE |
452,3 |
580,6 |
1 029,0 |
591,3 |
857,6 |
109 |
The basis of Russian export in 2010, the following goods were supplied to Mongolia: mineral products (petroleum products) - 67.5%, food products and agricultural raw materials - 13.5%, machinery, equipment and vehicles - 8.0% of the total export volume.
In the structure of the Russian import from Mongolia, the main share is made up of: mineral products (fluorspar) - 65.6%, food products (meat and meat products) and agricultural raw materials - 32.6%.
The main foreign trade partners of Mongolia in 2010
(according to the National Statistics Office of Mongolia)
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A country |
Share in turnover (%) |
Trade turnover |
Export |
Import |
Foreign trade balance |
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Volume (USD million)
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+/- by 2009
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Volume (USD million)
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+/- by 2009
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Volume (USD million)
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+/- by 2009
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for 2010 (USD million)
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China |
56,0 |
3460,3 |
79,0 |
2460,1 |
76,5 |
1000,2 |
85,7 |
1459,9 |
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Russia |
18,9 |
1169,3 |
39,0 |
79,1 |
16,0 |
1090,2 |
41,1 |
-1011,1 |
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The Republic of Korea |
3,5 |
213,3 |
25,0 |
30,5
|
96,8 |
182,8 |
17,9 |
-152,3 |
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USA |
2,7 |
164,2 |
39,6 |
4,9 |
-64,7 |
159,3 |
53,6 |
-154,4 |
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Japan |
3,2 |
200,6 |
97,2 |
3,0 |
-34,8 |
197,6 |
103,5 |
-194,6 |
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Germany |
1,8 |
110,1 |
28,2 |
22,1 |
41,7 |
88,0 |
25,2 |
-65,9 |
Mechanisms for deepening interstate cooperation
Russia and Mongolia
One of the main mechanisms of interstate cooperation is the Russian-Mongolian Intergovernmental Commission on Trade, Economic, Scientific and Technical Cooperation (hereinafter referred to as the IGC).
Visits to Mongolia by the Prime Minister Russian Federation V.V. Putin (May 2009), President of the Russian Federation D.A. Medvedev (August 2009), Prime Minister of Mongolia S. Batbold to Russia (December 2010) played important role in maintaining a high level of political relationships. The August 2009 Declaration, signed by the presidents of the two countries, outlined priority areas of trade and economic cooperation, including transport and improvement of transport infrastructure, joint development of mineral deposits in Mongolia, modernization of joint companies Erdenet Enterprise LLC, Mongolrostsvetmet LLC and JSC UBZD, development of cross-border interaction.
Russian side in 2007-2010. Specific measures were taken to liberalize Russian-Mongolian trade:
The rates of import customs duties on fur products have been reduced by 2 times from 20% to 10%;
The validity of import customs duty rates has been extended for individual species clothing made from natural fur (Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation dated August 15, 2007 No. 518 and June 2, 2008 No. 422), which will have a positive impact on mutual trade turnover;
The Russian side has reduced duties to the level of final binding or lower on 256 tariff lines, which are part of the previously signed bilateral Protocol on Russia’s accession to the WTO.
During Russian-Mongolian consultations at the expert level in 2007-2010, the issue of a possible reduction in import customs duty rates on traditional Mongolian export goods (knitted products made from goat down and camel hair) was discussed by including them in the tariff preference scheme of the Russian Federation. When discussing this issue, the Russian side drew the attention of the Mongolian side to the fact that if the mentioned goods are included in the preference scheme, preferences of this kind will apply to all preferences included in the list of user countries of the Russian preference scheme, which can create competitive advantages for foreign manufacturers and cause Negative consequences for Russian manufacturers.
In accordance with the agreements reached during the 8th meeting of the Russian-Mongolian Working Group on the liberalization of mutual trade (Moscow, March 5, 2009), the Mongolian side presented a draft intergovernmental agreement on trade in goods of Mongolian production in the field of textile industry, within the framework of which On a bilateral basis, it was assumed that customs duty rates would be reduced.
In this regard, it was planned to continue consultations with the Mongolian side to agree on what was revised taking into account the proposals Russian ministries and departments for the list of goods and the choice of the format of a bilateral agreement within the free trade zone.
The position of the Russian side is recorded in the minutes of the XIV meeting of the Russian-Mongolian Intergovernmental Commission on Trade, Economic, Scientific and Technical Cooperation (July 20, 2010, Ulaanbaatar), where the Mongolian side was asked to outline a vision of the possible volume, structure and most significant elements free trade agreements. The Mongolian side, having taken note of the information from the Russian side about the start of the activities of the customs union of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan, stated that it would study the possibility of starting negotiations with the Customs Union Commission on concluding a free trade agreement and expressed interest in continuing negotiations on the liberalization of mutual trade and the possibility of concluding an intergovernmental agreement on mutual supplies of certain types of products on preferential terms.
During the official visit to the Russian Federation of the Prime Minister of Mongolia S. Batbold (December 14-16, 2010), at negotiations between the heads of government of the two countries, an agreement was reached to study the feasibility of concluding a Free Trade Agreement. For these purposes, work has begun on the formation of a joint research group(SIG) to study the feasibility of concluding a free trade agreement between the countries of the customs union and Mongolia. The JIG meetings are planned to be held in January and March 2011.
In accordance with the instructions of the Government of the Russian Federation, the II Russian-Mongolian Business Forum is planned. Chairman of the Russian part of the IPC I.E. Levitin, coordination of the preparation and holding of the Forum was entrusted to the Vice-President of the Russian Chamber of Commerce and Industry V.P. Strashko. The Mongolian side proposes to coincide the forum with the official visit of the President of Mongolia Ts. Elbegdorj to Moscow (2011).
During the official visit of the Prime Minister of Mongolia S. Batbold, an Agreement was signed between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of Mongolia on the settlement of Mongolia’s financial obligations to the Russian Federation, according to which 97.8% of the settled amount of debt in the amount of 174.2 million US dollars was not held by the Mongolian side is paid and the balance of US$3.8 million is settled in a lump sum payment at the agreed time.
Projects currently under implementation:
1. The companies Renova, Basic Element and JSC Russian Railways are working to participate in the development of the Tavan Tolgoi coking coal deposit in conjunction with the modernization of railway transport in Mongolia.
JSC "Russian Railways" and a Mongolian partner have created a joint venture - a limited liability company "Infrastructure Development", focused on the implementation of these tasks.
In accordance with the agreements of the heads of government of the two countries (December 2010), work is underway to agree on the terms of participation of Infrastructure Development LLC and its partners in the construction of new railways to the existing UBZD highway in the context of the development of resource assets of Mongolia.
2. Cooperation in the development of the railway infrastructure of Mongolia based on the modernization of Ulaanbaatar Railway JSC.
In accordance with the agreements reached, work is underway to complete the approval of an increase in the authorized capital of UBZD JSC by 250 million US dollars in equal shares (with the provision of a Russian tied loan to Mongolia), which will significantly update the enterprise and facilitate the implementation of the railway infrastructure development program in Mongolia.
Projects currently under development:
1. Preparation by the State Corporation "Russian Technologies" of proposals to amend the agreements on the activities of the limited liability companies "Erdenet Enterprise" and "Mongolrostsvetmet", which are not only the leading enterprises of the Mongolian economy, but also the largest Russian state assets abroad.
2. Cooperation in the development of uranium deposits in Mongolia within the framework of the joint joint venture Dornod Uranium being created.
During the visit to the Russian Federation of the Prime Minister of Mongolia S. Batbold, an Agreement was signed on the fundamental conditions for the creation of a joint limited liability company Dornod Uranium and an agreement was reached to sign as soon as possible short time the constituent documents of that company on the basis of agreed principles.
Documents approved during the visit to the Russian Federation of the Prime Minister of Mongolia S. Batbold:
1.
The program for the development of Russian-Mongolian trade and economic cooperation for 2011-2015, consisting of 11 sections containing specific tasks and reflecting the main areas of cooperation with Mongolia. For example, mining and transport, agriculture, fuel and energy sector, interbank, regional and cross-border cooperation, science, technology and innovation.
2. Joint action plan to create the most favorable legal, trade, economic and other conditions for further intensification of cross-border and interregional cooperation between the Russian Federation and Mongolia for 2011-2012.
Mongolian People's Party, Having won an absolute majority of seats in parliament in the last elections, it rightfully forms its own government. Meeting VGH lasted until 4 am from July 22 to 23 due to the long break of the MPP parliamentary group. As a result, the ruling party was able to approve 11 of the 15 new ministers of its government to parliament.
Prime Minister J.Erdenebat previously put forward his version of forming a government in which 16 ministers from 13 ministries will work. J. Erdenebat could not come to an agreement with the President on this matter Ts. Elbegdorj, and he refused to “accept” his version of the Cabinet of Ministers on the basis that members of parliament still occupy the posts of ministers (which serves as a reason for criticism of the People’s Party members themselves in previous convocations), and by changing the structure and names of government bodies, he “breaks” the principle of duration government works. But nevertheless, the Constitution of Mongolia states that the prime minister agrees with the president on the structure of his government, but has the right, without the consent of the president, to send his version for consideration to the Supreme State Council.
So, in the new cabinet of Zh. Erdenebat, 16 ministers and 13 ministries will work with him, of which the Supreme State Council approved 11 ministers late at night from the 22nd to the 23rd.
Of the 15 ministers proposed by the Prime Minister, the names of four were withdrawn in advance before the meeting of the State Duma by the Anti-Corruption Authority on the grounds that they had violated the Conflict of Interest Law, since they still have their own businesses and inaccurate statements of income, etc. .d.
The leadership of the People's Party made a decision recall appointment proposals:
To the post of Minister of Energy D. Tsengel (reason - privatization of the Darkhan Thermal Power Plant by his wife);
For the post of Minister of Construction and Urban Development G.Onurbolor (owns several construction companies South Korean origin, breaks the rules construction work and obtaining licenses);
To the post of Minister of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry Ts. Anandbazar (the dubiousness of his brother’s business, unreliable information about income);
For the post of Minister of Health, J. Tsolmon (is the owner of a pharmaceutical and medical business).
J. Erdenebat will have to find replacements for these candidates in the near future.
Thus, the Supreme Council approved all 11 ministers, who were discussed until late at night.
Names of the new ministers:
U. Khurelsukh
Vice Prime Minister - U. Khurelsukh
Zh.Monkhbat
Minister of Mongolia, Head of the Government Affairs Department - Zh. Monkhbat
H. Oyunhorol
Minister of Environment and Tourism - H. Oyunhorol
Ts.Monkh-Orgil
Minister of Foreign Affairs - Ts. Monkh-Orgil
RUSSIAN-MONGOLIAN RELATIONS
Russian-Mongolian relations are based on a long history of bilateral interaction, are distinguished by traditional good neighborliness, are comprehensive in nature, and are focused on further development in the spirit of strategic partnership. In political and legal terms, they are based on the Treaty on Friendly Relations and Cooperation of January 20, 1993, the Ulaanbaatar (2000) and Moscow (2006) declarations, as well as the Declaration on the Development of Strategic Partnership between the Russian Federation and Mongolia dated August 25, 2009. On April 14, 2016, during the visit to Ulaanbaatar of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation S.V. Lavrov, a Medium-term program for the development of strategic partnership between Russia and Mongolia, prepared in accordance with the agreements of the presidents of the two countries, was signed.
In total, more than 150 treaties and agreements are in force at the interstate and intergovernmental level. The state border with a length of 3543 km has been completely demarcated and delimited. (an interstate agreement on its regime was signed in 2006).
Contacts at the highest level and high level. Conversations between the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin and the President of Mongolia, elected in June 2017, H. Battulga, which took place on August 28, 2017 in Budapest and September 7, 2017 in Vladivostok, demonstrated the parties’ commitment to further development of the dialogue, as well as mutual understanding on current issues. issues on the bilateral and international agenda. Organized on June 9 this year. in Qingdao (PRC) on the sidelines of the SCO Council of State Duma, the bilateral meeting of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin with the President of Mongolia H. Battulga gave new impetus to the development of Russian-Mongolian relations in all areas.
On July 14-16, 2016, in Ulaanbaatar, on the sidelines of the 11th Asia-Europe Forum (ASEM) summit, detailed meetings were held between the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev and the leadership of Mongolia. On June 2, 2017, within the framework of the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum, a conversation took place between Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation A.V. Dvorkovich and the then Prime Minister of Mongolia Zh. Erdenebat. On March 1, 2018, a meeting was held in Moscow between Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation A.V. Dvorkovich and Deputy Prime Minister of Mongolia U. Enkhtuvshin following the results of the regular meeting of the Intergovernmental Commission.
April 26-27, 2018 Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation – authorized representative The President of the Russian Federation in the Far Eastern Federal District, Yu.P. Trutnev, visited Mongolia on a working visit. During his meetings with the President of Mongolia H. Battulga, the Prime Minister of Mongolia U. Khurelsukh and the Deputy Prime Minister of Mongolia, co-chairman of the Russian-Mongolian IGC U. Enkhtuvshin, a wide range of issues of bilateral interaction were discussed with an emphasis on deepening economic and humanitarian cooperation with the Far Eastern federal district. “On the margins” of the visit was organized round table“Russian Far East and Mongolia: prospects for cooperation.”
Inter-parliamentary and inter-party ties are steadily developing. December 14-15, 2016 at the invitation of the All-Russian Political Party " United Russia» Moscow was visited by a delegation of the Mongolian People's Party (MPP) led by its leader (until November 2017), Chairman of the State Great Khural (SGH) of Mongolia M. Enkhbold. The head of the Mongolian parliament was received by the Chairman of the Federation Council Federal Assembly Russian Federation V.I. Matvienko, Chairman of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation V.V. Volodin and head of the United Russia faction of the WFP in State Duma Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation V.A. Vasiliev. As a result of the consultations, a new inter-party Cooperation Agreement was signed.
On June 3-6, the Chairman of the Supreme State House of Mongolia M. Enkhbold took part in the International Forum on the Development of Parliamentarism in Moscow and held bilateral meetings with the leadership of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.
Cooperation between structures responsible for defense and security is expanding. On April 23, 2018, bilateral consultations were held in Moscow between the Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation N.P. Patrushev and the Secretary of the National Security Council of Mongolia A. Gansukh.
During the visit to Ulaanbaatar in May 2017, the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation V.A. Kolokoltsev concluded a Cooperation Agreement between the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Justice and Internal Affairs of Mongolia.
On May 17, 2018, on the sidelines of the VIII St. Petersburg International Legal Forum, a meeting was held between the Minister of Justice of the Russian Federation A.V. Konovalov and the Minister of Justice and Internal Affairs of Mongolia Ts. Nyamdorj.
Russian-Mongolian cooperation is developing successfully in military sphere. On February 22, 2018, the Minister of Defense of Mongolia N. Enkhbold visited Moscow to participate in events dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. On April 4, 2018, a meeting between Russian Defense Minister S.K. Shoigu and Mongolian Defense Minister N. Enkhbold took place “on the sidelines” of the VII Moscow Conference on International Security (April 4-5, 2018).
From August 25 to September 9, 2017, the regular annual joint military exercise “Selenga” (held since 2008) to practice tactical actions in a counter-terrorism operation was held on the territory of the East Gobi aimag of Mongolia, in which about 1 thousand military personnel of the two countries took part. . The next exercise will take place on the territory of the Russian Federation in October 2018. In June 2017, an intergovernmental Protocol was signed in Ulaanbaatar on the resumption of the Agreement between the Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of Mongolia of March 3, 2004 on the provision of military-technical assistance to Mongolia free of charge basis.
In November 2017, a regular meeting of the Joint Commission on the implementation of the Intergovernmental Agreement on cooperation in the field of preventing industrial accidents, natural disasters and eliminating their consequences was held. The subject of discussion was the prevention of forest-steppe transboundary fires, training of Mongolian specialists in universities and rescue centers of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations, training of technicians for repairing equipment of the Mongolian mountain rescue service.
The inter-Ministry of Foreign Affairs dialogue is regular and multi-level. Mutual visits of the heads of foreign policy departments are carried out on an annual basis: on February 14, 2017, the Minister of Foreign Relations of Mongolia, Ts. Munkh-Orgil, visited Moscow; On December 7, 2017 in Vienna, within the framework of the OSCE Ministerial Council, Sergey Lavrov discussed current issues of bilateral relations and interaction in the international arena with the Minister of Foreign Relations of Mongolia, D. Tsogtbatar, appointed in October 2017. On May 16-17, 2018, D. Tsogtbatar visited the Russian Federation on a working visit.
Supported active interaction with Mongolian partners in international and regional affairs, meetings are organized on the sidelines of international events, in particular, through the UN, OSCE, SCO and other global and regional platforms, scheduled consultations are held at the level of deputy ministers and directors of relevant departments of foreign affairs agencies.
Over the past decades, Russia has occupied second place (after China) in Mongolia’s foreign trade turnover. After a 20% decline in mutual trade volumes in 2016 (USD 931.6 million), bilateral trade in 2017 showed strong growth (46.9%), exceeding USD 1,368.1 million at the end of the year (Russian exports - 1326.9 million US dollars (+48.1%), imports - 41.2 million US dollars (+14.8%). The basis of Russian exports to Mongolia were petroleum products - 63.3%. The positive trend continues in 2018. At the end of the first quarter, bilateral trade turnover increased by 28.3% compared to the same period of the previous year and amounted to $296 million (Russian exports - $287.4 million, imports - $8.6 million. USA).
Exports of food and agricultural products, machinery and equipment, chemical products, metallurgy, and electricity have increased significantly. The structure of Mongolian supplies is dominated by mineral raw materials, mainly fluorspar (70.0%).
An effective mechanism for Russian-Mongolian interaction is the Intergovernmental Commission on Trade, Economic, Scientific and Technical Cooperation (IPC), its subcommittees and working groups (in 2012-2018, the Chairman of the Russian part of the IPC was the Minister of Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation S.E. Donskoy; Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation A.V. Gordeev was appointed as the new chairman of the Russian part of the IPC in June of this year).
On February 28, 2018, the 21st meeting of the IGC took place in Moscow. Special attention priority measures were given to the implementation of the Medium-term program for the development of strategic partnerships with an emphasis on solving long-standing problems, including the re-registration of rights to use land plots under real estate in Mongolia from the USSR to the Russian Federation, increasing the efficiency of the activities of the joint JSC UBZhD, developing mutually acceptable approaches to environmental problems Baikal region in connection with the plans of the Mongolian side for the construction of hydraulic structures in the Selenga River basin. By preliminary agreement, the next 22nd meeting of the IPC is scheduled to be held in Mongolia in the second half of 2019. On April 25, 2018, the next meeting of the co-chairs of the IPC was held in Ulaanbaatar.
In January 2017, the Trade Representation of the Russian Federation in Mongolia resumed its activities in Ulaanbaatar.
In June 2017, the Second Round Table of the heads of the central banks of the Russian Federation and Mongolia was held in Ulaanbaatar. It was stated that the ratification in January 2016 of the Intergovernmental Agreement on the settlement of financial obligations of Mongolia to the Russian Federation in 2014 created favorable conditions to establish cooperation in the banking and investment sector.
In September 2017, a representative Mongolian delegation led by the newly elected President H. Battulga took part in the 3rd Eastern Economic Forum in Vladivostok; A business dialogue “Russia – Mongolia: meeting place – the Far East” also took place.
June 7-8 this year Large-scale business, fair, exhibition and cultural events took place in Ulaanbaatar as part of the “Russian-Mongolian Initiative 2018” (the Russian delegation was headed by the Minister of Industry and Trade D.V. Manturov).
A significant contribution to the development of the Mongolian economy is made by the Russian-Mongolian joint venture Ulaanbaatar Railway JSC (UBZD). On September 3, 2014, an Agreement was signed between OJSC Russian railways» and the Ministry of Roads and Transport of Mongolia on a strategic partnership for the modernization and development of UBZD; in December 2015, the Action Plan for the implementation of this Agreement was approved. In December 2017 in Moscow, the Management Board of JSC UBZD approved the draft long-term development program of JSC UBZD until 2030.
During a visit to Moscow in December 2017, the Minister of Roads and Transport Development of Mongolia Zh. Bat-Erdene held negotiations with the leadership of the Russian Ministry of Transport and JSC Russian Railways. June 8 this year in Ulaanbaatar, the Minister of Transport of the Russian Federation E.I. Dietrich and the Minister of Roads and Transport Development of Mongolia Zh. Bat-Erdene signed a bilateral Intergovernmental Agreement on the conditions of transit transportation of goods by rail across the territory of the Russian Federation.
Cooperation has been established in the field of agro-industrial complex. In 2011-2012 The first stage of the program to improve the health of the livestock of farm animals in Mongolia from particularly dangerous diseases was successfully implemented: with funds provided by Russia in free humanitarian aid (375 million rubles), 37 million doses of vaccines and 22 mobile disinfection units for veterinary medicine were delivered to Mongolia. As part of the implementation of the second stage of the mentioned program, on June 1, 2017, on the sidelines of the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum, a corresponding Agreement was signed between the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industry of Mongolia. In August 2017, an agreement was reached to supply the Mongolian side on a commercial basis with 4.5 million additional doses of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine, as well as 15 million doses of the vaccine against rinderpest to ensure the epizootic well-being of the country. In connection with the appeal of the Mongolian leadership, the issue of supplying grain and feed in the form of humanitarian aid to cover the deficit that arose in Mongolia after the drought in the spring-summer of 2017 is being considered.
Ecology remains an important topic of bilateral contacts. In October 2017, the first meeting of the Russian-Mongolian Working Group was held in Ulaanbaatar to comprehensively consider issues related to the planned construction of hydraulic structures in Mongolia in the catchment area of the Selenga River and the 7th meeting of the Mixed Russian-Mongolian Commission on Environmental Protection .
Cooperation with Mongolia at the regional and cross-border levels is further developing (about 70% of the volume of bilateral trade is accounted for by interregional trade relations). The Subcommittee on Cross-Border and Regional Cooperation of the Russian-Mongolian IGC is actively functioning; The approval of a draft intergovernmental agreement on promoting cross-border cooperation is being completed.
Behind Lately A number of leaders visited Mongolia Russian regions, including the Governor of the Irkutsk region S.G. Levchenko
(February 15-17, 2017), Head of the Republic of Buryatia A.S. Tsydenova (January 17-20, 2018, participation in the business conference “Investment potential of the Republic of Buryatia”), Mayor of Novosibirsk A.E. Lokotya (1- October 4, 2017, participation in the forum "Russia - Mongolia. Cooperation - 2017"). On October 9, 2017, the Mayor of Moscow S.S. Sobyanin and the Mayor of Ulaanbaatar S. Batbold signed a Cooperation Program for 2018-2020 in Moscow. From May 12 to 17, 2018, at the invitation of the Ministry of Foreign Relations of Mongolia, a delegation of the Republic of Tuva headed by the Head of the Republic of Tyva Sh.V. Kara-ool visited Ulaanbaatar.
Additional opportunities for enhancing cross-border and interregional ties are provided by practical steps to implement the Intergovernmental Agreement on the conditions of mutual travel of citizens of the two countries (2014), according to which the visa regime for crossing the Russian-Mongolian border was abolished, work began on the arrangement and improvement bandwidth Checkpoint. In July 2015, an interdepartmental Agreement on the exchange of information obtained as a result of the use of inspection and inspection systems was signed; In January 2017, a joint monitoring of the work of the Kyakhta-Altanbulak checkpoint took place, in which authorized departments and organizations of both parties took part.
Exchanges in the fields of science and technology, culture, education, and sports are expanding. Traditional Days of Mongolian Culture are regularly held in various cities of Russia, and Days of Russian-Mongolian Friendship are held in Mongolia. On October 4 – November 5, 2017, the regular Days of Russian-Mongolian Friendship and Cooperation were held in Mongolia, within the framework of which a bilateral business forum, an exhibition of educational services, and a number of cultural events were organized. On November 29 – December 3, 2017, the Days of Mongolian Cinema were held in Moscow with the support of the Russian Ministry of Culture. The Cooperation Program between the Ministry of Culture of Russia and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Science and Sports of Mongolia for 2015-2017 has been successfully implemented. A Cooperation Program between the Russian Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Science and Sports of Mongolia for 2018-2020 has been prepared.
On May 5, 2017, in Victory Park on Poklonnaya Hill, the opening ceremony of the monument “On the Roads of War” took place, donated to the Russian people during the celebration of the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War. Patriotic War. On November 15, 2017, on the territory of the Memorial to Soviet Soldiers on Mount Zaisan in Ulaanbaatar, the opening of a monument to twice Hero of the Soviet Union, Hero of the Mongolian People's Republic I.A. Pliev took place.
About 3 thousand Mongolian citizens are currently studying at universities in the Russian Federation at the expense of the federal budget and on a contract basis (4th place in the number of foreign students after China, India and Vietnam). Mongolia is annually allocated one of the largest quotas of scholarships for non-CIS countries, which is consistently increasing (from 288 in the 2014/2015 academic year to 500 in the 2018/2019 academic year). Mongolian citizens also receive education through a number of relevant ministries and departments of the Russian Federation. There is an intergovernmental agreement, according to which up to 30 Russian citizens annually enter Mongolian universities to study. In Ulaanbaatar there are branches of Russian universities - the Russian Economic University (REU) named after G.V. Plekhanov and the East Siberian State Technological University (Ulan-Ude).
Mongolia is included in the number of states where it is planned to implement federal program projects to support the study of the Russian language abroad. In August 2009, “Russian centers” were opened on the basis of the Ulaanbaatar branch of the Russian Economic University named after G.V. Plekhanov and the Mongolian University of Science and Technology.
Russia and Mongolia interact within the framework of a trilateral format of cooperation, which was developed in accordance with the agreement between the leaders of Russia, Mongolia and China, reached following a meeting “on the sidelines” of the Council of Heads of State of the SCO on September 11, 2014 in Dushanbe.
As part of the implementation of the “Road Map” for further promotion of cooperation at the site of the next trilateral summit in Tashkent in 2016, the Program for creating an economic corridor Russia-Mongolia-China was signed.
In August 2017, the special representative of the President of Mongolia for the creation of the Russia-Mongolia-China economic corridor A. Gansukh visited Moscow and held negotiations with the Minister of Transport of the Russian Federation M. Yu. Sokolov and the President of JSC Russian Railways O. V. Belozerov, during which discussed issues of bilateral cooperation in the transport sector, as well as prospects for the implementation of trilateral projects as part of the creation of an economic corridor.