Growing strawberries in greenhouse conditions requires the creation of special conditions and certain monetary costs. How justified the latter is of interest to every gardener. The issue of self-sufficiency and profit is especially important when the crop is grown for further sale.
To calculate the possible income, draw up an appropriate business plan. Its main point is the yield of harvested strawberries in a greenhouse from 1 m2, which is multiplied by the total usable area. The revenue received, minus expenses, is profit.
What criteria affect yield?
The fundamental factors on which the fruiting of a crop depends include the following:
- Planting density. What matters is the size of the landing tanks involved, the layout.
- Conditions of detention. Properly organized care directly affects the fruiting of the crop.
- Sort. It is necessary to choose only the best and high-yielding varieties.
- Technology. Year-round cultivation of strawberries involves a choice between the Dutch and Russian methods.
Each nuance is reflected in the final volume of products received.
It's interesting to know! Sweet and juicy strawberries contain virtually no sugar. There are even whole weight loss systems for those who want to gain harmony.
The best greenhouse varieties
When cultivating strawberries for themselves, gardeners choose varieties according to their taste and preferences. Farmers interested in the success and profitability of the event should focus on the following features:
- number of blooms per year;
- regularity of release of ovaries;
- resistance to diseases and pests;
- berry quality.
The fruits should be large in size, bright red in color and excellent in taste. Fragrant berries are the most popular among buyers.
Time-tested varieties
They have been successfully grown for many years in a greenhouse and consistently bring a rich quality crop. Each has its own characteristics, which must be taken into account before landing.
Evie 2
Remontant high-yielding variety with large sweet berries. The variety is intended for protected ground. The main advantage is that the culture perfectly tolerates transportation. If agrotechnical standards are observed, about 2 kg of crop is harvested from each Evie bush.
Honey
Can be grown in open field. The variety is highly resistant to one of the biggest scourges for all indoor varieties - gray rot. The culture is not afraid of a temporary increase in humidity and a decrease in temperature, and does not deteriorate during transportation. Fruiting variety is not the highest. About 500 g of sweet and sour berries are obtained from a bush.
Alba
Early ripe variety with tasty conical berries. Like most varieties grown in protected ground, it tolerates transportation well. For a long time it can be kept in unfavorable conditions, but it gives 1.2 kg from each bush only if all cultivation rules are observed.
Elsanta
On average, it gives about 1.5 kg of medium berries from each bush. Differs in fine tastes, but is exacting in leaving. It is possible to keep this strawberry only in a heated greenhouse, since during the period of frost it can die. With the exception of low temperatures, the variety almost never gets sick and is not affected by pests.
Octave
Excellent fruiting in closed ground conditions. Berries have a wonderful aroma, have excellent taste characteristics. The early ripe variety tolerates low temperatures well, so a short absence of heating will not lead to the death of the bush, and it is also resistant to many pests.
Sonata
Dutch variety with large fragrant dessert berries. Excellent resistance to powdery mildew and gray mold. Worked well in greenhouse conditions.
Darenka
How to improve productivity?We are constantly getting letters in which amateur gardeners are worried that due to the cold summer this year, a poor harvest of potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, and other vegetables. Last year we published TIPS about this. But unfortunately, many did not listen, but some still applied. Here is a report from our reader, we want to advise plant growth biostimulantswhich will help increase the yield by up to 50-70%.
Read...
A non-repairable early maturing variety bred by Russian breeders for planting in protected ground. The culture is resistant to almost all diseases. Sweet, characteristic strawberry-flavored berries ripen on the bushes.
High Yielding Varieties
If strawberries are grown in a greenhouse for commercial purposes for large deliveries, farmers give their preference to the following varieties:
- Baron Solemacher. The variety bred by Dutch breeders allows you to collect up to 4 kg of sweet small berries.
- Albion. It does not belong to remontant varieties, but has a good yield. With proper cultivation, yields from 2 to 4 kg. Small berries ripen on a bush, each of which on average weighs about 12 g.
Picture 7 - Brighton. Repair variety. Particularly attractive for commercial cultivation, as one berry weighs approximately 80 g. In addition, the variety is characterized by excellent resistance to the process of transportation and a long shelf life.
- Primadonna F1. Perfectly suitable for cultivation in our country remontant Dutch variety. The hybrid tolerates transportation well and has sweet fruits.
- Elizabeth II. Juicy and sweet strawberries ripen on the bushes. From one plant you can get up to 4 kg of fruit. Does not tolerate transportation well.
The choice is determined not only by the yield, but also by the characteristics of the variety.
How much yield per year can be obtained from one bush?
The fruiting of each variety has its own limitations. The maximum number of berries can be obtained only with the ideal observance of all conditions of detention. The largest yield from one plant does not exceed 4 kg. You can take care of the hybrid as much as you like, but it will not allow you to get more fruits.
If we talk about early breeding varieties, they give up to 400-500 g per fruiting. A similar result can be achieved without any special effort, but if yield is a priority, care and maintenance are of paramount importance.
How to grow strawberries in greenhouse conditions?
Landing is carried out from the end of February to the first half of March. The land in which cereals grew as green manure is considered ideal. It is imported from the fields, which is not always possible. You can not take the soil in which potatoes or cabbage were grown. Sod land can become an alternative to imported substrate. It is pre-loosened by adding sawdust.
Culture is quite demanding on the duration of daylight hours. During the flowering period, strawberries in the greenhouse should be illuminated from 14 to 17 hours a day. This is one of the main conditions for obtaining a rich year-round harvest. It is also important to monitor the humidity of the air. The first 3 weeks after planting seedlings, it should be 80, before the flowering period - 75, and during the growing season - 70%.
The maximum size of the berries on the bushes grow under the condition of properly selected dressings. Experienced farmers advise the use of complex fertilizers, which include superphosphate, magnesia, potassium, urea. Obtaining organic fruits involves the use of compost or manure, but from such top dressing, fruiting will be more scarce.
Temperature regime
The most difficult moment of keeping strawberries. To get a good harvest, it is necessary to achieve a gradual decrease in temperature. Otherwise, fruiting will be rather poor or will not occur. Mustaches and fruits do not form on bushes if the air temperature drops below +12. Most varieties do not tolerate temperature fluctuations from the beginning of the flowering period, even within 5 degrees.
The optimal content regime is considered:
- from planting to rooting +25;
- when flowering from +22 to +15 degrees.
The decrease in temperature should be gradual. Any sharp jumps during the flowering period or a drop in the thermometer below +15 threatens with the absence of full pollination, which negatively affects fruiting. Hybrid varieties are normally drafty, but it is allowed to ventilate the greenhouse only at a temperature of 7 degrees above zero.
How is pollination carried out in a greenhouse?
If the choice is not made in favor of a self-pollinating hybrid, plants will have to be pollinated artificially. In greenhouse conditions there is no wind, insects, rain. The exception is structures with an opening roof. If this was not provided, you have to resort to other methods.
Creating artificial wind
It is carried out by installing fans that drive air flows directed in different directions. One device is required for an area of 30 square meters. Fans are turned on once a day for several hours. Do this during the period of active flowering.
Remontant hybrids bloom almost constantly. They require regular pollination by "artificial wind" turned on for at least 3 hours. On large greenhouse areas, it is better to mount several installations, and on small ones, you can use a conventional portable device.
bees
Most effective method pollination, but also the most laborious. The hive requires additional space in the greenhouse. Another disadvantage is that the bees must be released, and, therefore, it is impossible to be indoors without a protective suit. Otherwise, there is a risk of being stung.
Shower
It is created by means of powerful sprayers. Flowering bushes are watered from plants. The expediency of this method is doubtful, since the efficiency of pollination is no more than 45%. More than half of the pollen is washed away by artificially created rain.
Draft
It is formed by opening opposite windows. Such pollination brings especially high efficiency in warm weather at an average wind speed. The technique is suitable for greenhouses that have a strong frame that can withstand the load from gusts of air masses.
What technology to choose?
Two systems for cultivating strawberries in a greenhouse have become widespread - Russian and Dutch. Each has its own characteristics. Profitability and fruiting directly depend on the choice of a specific technology, strict adherence to agrotechnical standards.
Russian
Strawberries are planted directly in ground beds, and not in containers. Each is one meter wide. Be sure to provide for the presence of passages. From above, 5 cm of fine gravel or expanded clay, 10 cm of sand and 8 cm of fertile soil are poured onto the beds.
For every sq. m. contribute 10 g of superphosphate and ammonium nitrate. Sockets are planted in a checkerboard pattern or in increments of 30 cm. The holes are made 8-10 cm deep. To increase humidity and prevent the growth of weeds, cover the plantings with a film or agrofiber.
Watering organize drip. The first 3-4 weeks it should be daily, and after rooting - once a week. Top dressing is made with nitrogen with the transition to saltpeter, potassium, superphosphate after 2 months. The development of bushes contributes to carbon dioxide.
The advantage of the technology is that there is no need to replace the bushes after each flowering, but this leads to lower yields.
Dutch
It has a lot of advantages and is most widely used far outside the Netherlands. Landings are placed in several tiers, which allows you to "plant" on 1 square. m. at least 50 bushes, and with proper location and more.
Fruit is much easier to pick from pots, pipes or bags than from garden beds. The increase in yield is achieved due to the compact layout of outlets, better access to light and oxygen. Cold air stays down, and savings on irrigation can reach 50%.
The only negative is the renewal of plantings after the end of the fruiting period. The gardener needs to constantly purchase new seedlings or prepare his own.
What yield of strawberries in a greenhouse can really be obtained from each square meter?
It all depends on the technology, variety, compliance with agricultural standards. Russian technology is less labor intensive, but gives a smaller yield, which can vary from 5 to 15 kg. The Dutch method is much more efficient. On average, if all the conditions for proper maintenance are fully met, from 1 sq. m. you can collect 25 kg of berries. Considering that 3-4 crops are obtained per year, 75-100 kg of strawberries are obtained, and the total volume depends on the size of the greenhouse itself.
Crazy strawberry harvest
And a little about the secrets of the Author
Have you ever experienced unbearable joint pain? And you know firsthand what it is:
- inability to move easily and comfortably;
- discomfort when going up and down stairs;
- Clean the greenhouse from dirt and debris.
- Check All electrical devices, plumbing system, troubleshoot and restore to good condition.
- Everybody disinfect surfaces potassium permanganate solution. You can fumigate the room with sulfur bombs.
- indeterminacy. Bushes can be allowed to grow up, making the most of the area of \u200b\u200bthe room;
- high yield;
- early and very early dates fruit ripening;
- excellent taste properties;
- high resistance to various diseases and attack by harmful insects;
- long-term keeping.
- copper sulfate (5g);
- potassium magnesia (50g);
- ferrous sulfate (5g);
- potassium chloride (30g);
- double superphosphate (50g).
- the ability to enrich the soil composition with nutrients or completely replace it;
- limit the access of precipitation to the garden;
- reduce the risk of plant infection;
- getting an early harvest and prolonging the fruiting period;
- irrigation control (amount of liquid and its temperature);
- competent introduction of dressings.
- Tumi - up to 11 kg per bush;
- Amur F1 - from 30 to 50 kg per m2;
- German F1 - up to 25 kg per m2;
- Prestige F1 - up to 28 kg per m2;
- Ecole F1 - up to 9 kg per bush.
- Packing fruits in cellophane where there is no air access to cucumbers. With such storage, a microenvironment is quickly formed, which leads to the spread of rot.
- Filling a vegetable tray or container with cucumbers and other fresh fruits and vegetables that release ethylene. Substance provokes biochemical processes accelerating the ripening of greens.
- It is impossible to leave a container with cucumbers in a lighted room. Under the influence of ultraviolet light, the skin changes color, yellowness appears.
- It is necessary to lay fruits in boxes or boxes only dry. If the harvest took place in the rain, then you need to give time to dry. Wet cucumbers quickly wither and rot.
- Before preparing the fruits for storage, they are kept for several days at room temperature. This is a mistake, plucked fruits should be prepared as soon as possible and sent to the refrigerator or cellar.
- Firstly, all large greenhouse farms, due to the impossibility of replacing old greenhouse complexes with new ones, are forced to close them. For example, only in the Moscow region, since 2000, there has been an annual reduction in the area of protected ground by 20-25 hectares, which creates a demonopolization of the market and all the prerequisites for healthy competition.
- Secondly, fresh cucumbers that retain their aroma have always been in high demand among the population, which cannot be said about imported products, where vegetables are packed unripe for transportation. In addition, the growing interest of Russians in healthy lifestyle life and food, allow us to assert with confidence that the need for "live vitamins" in winter will only increase every year.
- Thirdly, to organize your own small, but extremely profitable greenhouse economy, anyone can do it. To do this, you do not need to be the owner of huge land, because a small plot of land for greenhouses (from 6 to 15 acres) can be rented completely free of charge in any convenient rural settlement.
- It works on any type of solid fuel, which is many times cheaper than electric and gas coolants.
- At the request of the customer, it is completed with burners of various types: for gas or automobile mining.
- The heated area of the room is 210 m², which is optimal for industrial greenhouses of the "Farmer" type.
- High heat transfer from the outer walls of the boiler allows you to quickly warm up the cooled vestibule of the greenhouse, including the container for automatic watering.
- Firstly, growing cucumbers in a greenhouse in summer does not require heating and lighting, which means that the cost of production will be very low.
- Secondly, the vegetable grower controls the entire process and is completely independent of external weather conditions. That is, the plants receive timely watering, the recommended amount of fertilizers, the air and soil temperatures meet the standards, they are easy to care for, etc.
- Thirdly, all the profits received from the sale of the summer crop will fully (!) Cover the future costs of heating and lighting the greenhouse in the autumn-winter period.
- Wholesale bases.
- Covered vegetable markets.
- Network of grocery stores.
- Intermediary firms between wholesale depots and grocery stores.
- Direct sale of products from the place of production.
- Components for the construction of greenhouses with an area of 420 m²: 640.5 thousand rubles.
- Soil heating kits: 121.8 thousand rubles.
- Boilers for heating greenhouses: 69.9 thousand rubles.
- LED lamps: 579.6 thousand rubles.
- Automatic watering systems: 30.5 thousand rubles.
- Transportation costs: 60 thousand rubles.
- Other expenses (purchase of seeds, fertilizers, pipes, electrical wiring, etc.): 150 thousand rubles.
- Total: 1,649,000 rubles.
- Production of cucumbers per year: 37 tons.
- Average cost per 1 kg: 60 rubles.
- Revenue for the year: 2,220,000 rubles.
- Solid fuel (coal, firewood): 145 thousand rubles.
- Electricity: 16 thousand rubles.
- Cucumber seeds: 17 thousand rubles.
- Fertilizers and processing agents: 20 thousand rubles.
- Total: 198 thousand rubles.
- Parthenocarpic varieties form in one lash, removing not only shoots, but also flowers on the fourth real leaf. Then, in the four sinuses, layering is formed up to the first ovary, and pinching is performed. In the next 4 internodes, layers are formed up to the second ovary. And then the layers are pinched after the third ovary.
- bee pollinated species cucumbers are formed in several layers, since the main crop can only be harvested from additional lashes. To do this, after the sixth true leaf, the top of the plant is cut off. After that, they begin to form a bush from the side lashes, avoiding thickening.
- 14 days after planting in the greenhouse;
- as soon as the lashes begin to gain color;
- at the time of formation of greens;
- during the main fruiting period.
- small formation of lashes, the plant grows very slowly;
- on the main stem, the lower leaves turn yellow and fall off;
- there are few flowers and ovaries, and the formed cucumbers are small and not juicy.
- The leaves turn red or take on a bluish tint, this indicates that it is time to apply phosphorus-containing dressings.
- The leaves have become very dark, a yellow border has appeared. At the same time, the fruits are watery and bitter, and the side shoots are strongly drawn out without forming ovaries, it is time to add potassium to the soil.
- Calcium deficiency can be identified by the ugly and sometimes ugly shape of the fruit.
Around the perimeter thermal insulation must be provided from expanded clay to protect plants during periods of severe prolonged cold weather. Frame jumpers must be placed longitudinally at a distance of 75–90 cm from each other. This design will help to avoid damage to the walls during heavy snowfalls.
A greenhouse for growing tomatoes all year round should not just stand on the ground! Its recommended set on a wooden platform from thick bars. In addition, it is required to make a concrete base, on top of which lay the foam. Otherwise, the plants may freeze when the soil cools down.
The greenhouse must be equipped with good lighting and heating. For illumination, usually sodium and fluorescent lamps . How to site, read on our website.
In autumn, the room must be prepared:
Suitable varieties
When choosing varieties, preference should be given to those that meet certain requirements:
These varieties include: tomato tree Octopus, Malyshok, Annabelle, Dobrun, Flamenco, Pink Flamingo, Junior, Samara, Amber, Hurricane.
Hurricane- high-yielding, early ripe variety. Versatile in use, has excellent taste properties and a high content of vitamin C.
Amber- ultra-early, high-yielding variety, very resistant to late blight and macrosporosis (see photo below).
Samara- indeterminate early ripe hybrid variety. Universal use, high resistance to most diseases (see photo below).
Junior- ultra-early, superdeterminant hybrid. Differs in strong resistance to many diseases and excellent taste of fruits.
Pink flamingo- early ripe, indeterminate variety. Gives very tasty and lezhkoe tomatoes. The shelf life is about 60-70 days (see photo below).
Flamenco- early ripe, semi-determinant hybrid. The use of fruits is universal, the taste properties are excellent, the yield is high. In addition, the variety is resistant to most diseases.
Dobrun- a hybrid indeterminate variety with high disease resistance and excellent keeping quality.
Octopus- a unique variety of tomatoes that are grown on a tree. It has a phenomenal yield (see photo below).
Annabelle- indeterminate high-yielding hybrid. Very resistant to a whole range of diseases and root-knot nematodes.
baby- an early maturing superdeterminant variety intended for greenhouse cultivation only. The hybrid is genetically disease resistant.
Soil preparation
Before planting seedlings, the earth can be replaced with a new one or the old one can be disinfected. For this potassium permanganate solution is used average concentration. They carefully spill the entire soil.
After the earth dries out, it is recommended to dig it up. At the same time, compost is introduced in the amount 1.5–2 buckets per square meter area. It can be replaced by the California worm family. Their activities will improve the porosity of the soil and will regularly enrich it with vermicompost.
It is also desirable to improve the soil with mineral fertilizers. For this, the following complex is being prepared:
Features of care
How to grow tomatoes in a greenhouse in winter? Young sprouts are moved to the greenhouse only after they have reached a height of 18–21 cm. Before that, they fed several times a mixture of phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium. In greenhouses, it is most convenient to use a tape planting method.
The distance between the ribbons should be at least 80 cm, between plants about 55–65 cm. It is recommended to tie a rope or wire along the ribbon of planted bushes so that the seedlings grow vertically. As they grow, they form the correct bushes by conducting timely stepsoning.
Indeterminate varieties are made in one shoot, the rest - in two. The tops of all extra stems are pinched off. In addition, it is recommended to remove all lower foliage.
The optimum soil temperature is about 19ºC, air - 23ºC–26ºC. Watering is better before lunch, moistening the earth as it dries. With a constant deficit of moisture, the development of bushes stops, the ovaries and inflorescences begin to fall off. Loosening the soil between the tapes and under the bushes is carried out regularly, the entire period of plant life.
When growing tomatoes in a greenhouse in winter, it is necessary to carry out top dressing. Without the constant introduction of mineral complexes into the ground, plants will cease to bear fruit and fully develop.
feed bushes desirable every 13-15 days. To do this, use a mixture of ammonium nitrate (15g), superphosphate (40g) and potassium salts (20g).
Before the formation of inflorescences, a 0.6% concentration of the working solution is used, and then it is increased to 1%. Consumption rate - bucket of mortar per square meter r soil. To ensure normal photosynthesis under artificial conditions, open containers filled with a mixture of mullein and water are required in the greenhouse. It will enrich the air carbon dioxide required for the process of photosynthesis.
When grown outdoors, the inflorescences are pollinated by bees. They are not in the greenhouse, so pollination have to produce independently. To do this, each brush with flowers is slightly shaken, and then gently watered from above from a watering can.
yield
The yield of tomatoes in a greenhouse from 1 square meter per year can average 50 ... 55 kg.
With the right maintenance and creation of the most suitable conditions for plants from one bush you can collect from 11 to 24-26 kg of fruit. This figure varies depending on the variety.
The process of growing tomatoes in a greenhouse in winter is more difficult than just in open soil. it requires financial investments and high physical costs. But the results can be amazing!
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The climatic conditions of some regions and the unfavorable environmental background negatively affect the development of cucumbers. As a result of external factors, low germination of seeds, a reduction in the fruiting period, and a decrease in the taste of fruits are noted. For these reasons, and to get an early harvest, gardeners grow crops in greenhouse conditions. You can increase the yield of cucumbers from one square meter by planting plants in a greenhouse.
Greenhouse conditions for the plant are the most acceptable: the desired temperature regime and high degree air humidity. Cucumbers react very positively to both factors, as a result of which it is easy to harvest a good harvest. In addition, there are many advantages of this cultivation method:
When using greenhouse technology, it is important to choose suitable varieties. Among the existing ones, there are many that are not suitable for greenhouses.
It is necessary to prepare the greenhouse for planting in the fall. The surfaces of the structure are washed out and treated with lime mortar for the purpose of disinfection. The soil is fertilized and covered with a thick layer of mulch. In the spring, after cleaning the soil and walls, the soil is enriched with organic matter (manure, humus).
Landing is carried out in rows, so that it is more convenient to tie the lashes to the trellises. 3 bushes are planted per square meter. The interval between rows is at least 50 cm, so that it is convenient to move along the beds.
Yields largely depend on the variety chosen and the type of greenhouse. Among the most prolific varieties, the following varieties stand out:
Proper Ways to Store Fresh Cucumbers
Growing a good crop is half the battle. It is important to keep it for fresh consumption and preservation. There are many proven and new technologies that can be adopted. How long cucumbers can be stored depends on storage conditions.
In order for cucumbers to retain their presentation and taste longer, it is recommended to use a refrigerator. Knowing some rules and techniques will allow you to enjoy the aroma and freshness of greens from 3 days to a month and increase the shelf life.
Tray for vegetables
For about 3 days, the fruits do not change their qualities if they are placed in a vegetable tray. At the same time, to carry out special training no need.
In a plastic bag
Up to 10 days, the fruits remain usable if they are placed in a plastic bag and covered with damp gauze. The packaging should be left open for air circulation.
In paper towels
If each Zelenets is wrapped with a paper towel and placed in a plastic bag without closing it from above, the shelf life increases to 2 weeks.
In a water tray
Cucumbers will stay firm and fresh for up to 3-4 weeks when stored in a tray of water. To do this, liquid is drawn into the container by 1-2 cm. All fruits are placed in it vertically with their tails down. The tray itself is placed in the vegetable compartment. Water should be changed every 2-3 days.
In egg white
You can extend the shelf life of cucumbers up to 1 month with the help of egg white. To do this, you need to prepare the fruits - wash and dry with a paper towel. While the vegetables are dried in a natural way, you need to separate the protein from the yolk and beat it a little with a whisk. Then each cucumber must be soaked and dried on a wire rack. The resulting protein film prevents the evaporation of moisture, as a result of which greens are stored for a long time (at least a month) in the vegetable tray of the refrigerator.
Cucumbers in the fridge How to save cucumber at home
There are enough methods for storing cucumbers indoors.
In a cardboard box
The shortest time (2-3 days) is provided by a cardboard box or a wooden box. The harvested crop is laid out neatly in a container and placed in a room with a temperature regime of at least 10-15 °.
in wet tissue
For about a week, greens remain fresh if they are wrapped in a damp cloth and placed in a cool room with a temperature of 6-7 °. Where it is important to prevent the fabric from drying out so as not to disturb the humidity regime.
Regardless of the method used, it is necessary to inspect vegetables every 3 days and remove damaged specimens.
Storing cucumbers indoors The main mistakes in storing the crop
The home method of storing cucumbers has its own nuances. What ways they did not come up with to increase the shelf life of cucumbers, while making gross mistakes. Among the most incorrect advice, the following stand out.
Proper storage of cucumbers It is not difficult to build a greenhouse, since the choice of materials allows you to choose the best design option. For residents of regions with a harsh climate, growing any crop is quite problematic, and greenhouse conditions allow replenishing the diet with fresh vegetables for 4-6 months. Proper storage will extend the period of replenishment of the body with vitamins and minerals that cucumber is rich in.
The article presents detailed instructions on the organization of a compact greenhouse economy, which includes the selection of greenhouses and equipment, as well as their comparative analysis, three-turn agricultural technology for growing cucumbers and ways to sell products.
The essence of such a business idea is as follows: we buy greenhouses and equipment, mount them on a plot of land with an area of 500 m² (5 acres), establish year-round cultivation of cucumbers, and at the output we get up to 37 tons. fresh vegetables.
Why greenhouse cucumbers?
The idea of growing vegetables indoors with their subsequent sale is far from new and, at first glance, has no prospects. This is partly confirmed by the research of the consulting company "Technologies of Growth", according to which the domestic market for protected ground products is going through hard times. But it is precisely these circumstances that create almost ideal conditions for small entrepreneurs to do business.
Organizational and legal forms of doing business
Personal subsidiary farm (LPH)
A personal subsidiary farm for entrepreneurs starting such activities is the best option. And not only because the owner of private household plots is completely exempt from paying taxes. According to the federal law of July 7, 2003 No. 112-FZ, art. 2 Mon. 4, any sold products produced during the conduct of subsidiary farming do not apply to entrepreneurial activity.
Note. To sell fresh vegetables through a network of grocery stores, the owners of household plots do not need to collect any permits, certificates or regulations. It is enough to confirm the origin of the products sold with a certificate from the local government and conclude a simple contract of sale, in the form of a regular receipt.
Here is such an interesting legal paradox. You can grow tens of tons of cucumbers, earn millions of rubles, and this will not be regarded as entrepreneurial activity.
To obtain the status of the owner of a private household plot, it is enough to own or lease a plot of agricultural land with an area of \u200b\u200bno more than 2 hectares. And a certificate from local governments that a similar site is available and that vegetables are grown on it.
Sole Proprietor
Registration individual How individual entrepreneur is optimal in the case when the planned volume of agricultural production is quite impressive and for its implementation it is necessary to create a large retail sales network. As mentioned above, the Russian consumer prefers domestic cucumbers to imported ones, and to prove their origin, a sticker on the package or certificate is needed along with a declaration of conformity. And such papers are issued either by individual entrepreneurs or legal entity.
Peasant farming (KFH)
Peasant farming is perfect for partner business. The legal form of a KFH is very similar to an LLP (limited liability partnership), but is a more simplified version. Owners of peasant farms receive a number tax breaks and can count on government subsidies, and all decisions made by them are legally binding.
What form of taxation to choose?
If the business activity was registered as an individual entrepreneur or a peasant farm, then it is better to choose the ESHN for paying taxes. The unified agricultural tax exempts the owner of the enterprise from paying property tax, income tax and VAT. The tax rate is 6% and is deducted from net income. In the event of a loss-making year, for example, cucumbers burn or freeze, such expenses are taken into account in the current taxable base.
The OKVED code for growing vegetables in any type of soil is 01.12.1.
Important! Vegetables grown in a certain region of the Russian Federation, for the purpose of their subsequent sale in the same region, do not require mandatory certification or a declaration of conformity. In the case of transportation of vegetables to another region of the Russian Federation, region or country, the presence of a certificate and a declaration of conformity for these products is mandatory. For more detailed information on obtaining such documents, it is better to contact the local branch of Rosselkhoznadzor.
Equipment selection
Greenhouses
For many vegetable growers, the phrase "greenhouse farming" is associated with huge greenhouse complexes, the construction of which requires multimillion-dollar investments. And in most cases, this circumstance was a deterrent for small entrepreneurs. It was until 10-15 years ago new technologies were introduced into the industry: these are durable polycarbonate and lightweight metal structures for greenhouses. Due to this, a novice businessman, relying on his real capabilities, can as soon as possible create your own greenhouse economy and almost immediately make a profit.
The advantages of KChM-5k-03M are obvious:
However, it is impossible to solve the problem of heating a greenhouse with a boiler and a water heating system, since a layer of fertile soil also needs to be warmed up. Previously, pipes with water or air heating were used for this purpose, but this approach increased the risk of overheating the soil and, as a result, led to the death of plants. Now, with the advent of the “warm floor” technology, it has become much easier and safer to warm up the soil in the greenhouse.
The Green Box Agro 14 GBA-1480 soil heating kit does a good job with this task. The kit is designed for 15m² of usable area of the greenhouse, is able to create the optimal temperature regime for the underground parts of plants and is practically not subject to mechanical stress. Equipped with a moisture resistant thermostat.
Lighting and watering plants
Despite the fact that many parthenocarpic cucumber hybrids have now been bred that can bear fruit in conditions of high shading, they still need artificial lighting, especially during the winter months. And for full coverage of greenhouse cucumbers, it is better to use not conventional lamps daylight, and LED.
LED lamp, such as Led grow light 90w UFO , have spectral characteristics that are completely identical sunlight, ensuring the normal process of photosynthesis in plants. Thanks to such lamps, you can save up to 60% of electricity for greenhouse lighting, and their service life is really impressive, amounting to at least 50 thousand hours. In addition, LED lamps do not heat up at all and do not require cooling, unlike similar sodium counterparts.
Caring for greenhouse cucumbers takes a lot of time and effort from the grower, especially when it comes to timely watering. And, of course, when several acres of land are occupied under greenhouses, watering cucumbers with a hand watering can will be laborious and inefficient. To solve this problem and, if possible, to mechanize the greenhouse economy as much as possible, it is recommended to use automatic plant watering systems, which include the Kapel drip irrigation system.
The Kapel automatic irrigation system is easy to maintain and its principle of operation is elementary: a water tank of a given volume is installed in the vestibule of the greenhouse, hoses and an electronic sensor for supplying water to the beds are connected to it. If possible, water-soluble fertilizers can be added to the container, which dramatically increases the yield of cucumbers.
Table 1. List of models of greenhouses and equipment for the organization of greenhouse facilities of any area.
| equipment identification | Purpose of equipment | Cost in rub. for 1 piece or 1m² |
| Greenhouse "Innovator-Premium" | ||
| Greenhouse "Po-Meatlider" | Growing greenhouse vegetables | |
| Greenhouse "Farmer" | Growing greenhouse vegetables | |
| Green Box Agro 14 GBA-1480 | Soil heating in a greenhouse | |
| Boiler KChM-5k-03M | Greenhouse heating | |
| LED lamp grow light 90w UFO | artificial plant lighting | |
| Automatic watering system "Capel" | Rational watering of plants. |
Table 2. List of equipment for a greenhouse facility with an area of 500m² based on industrial greenhouses "Farmer".
Note. The cost of 1 m² of greenhouse includes a metal frame and a polycarbonate coating of the best quality.
How to get 90 kg of cucumbers from 1m² of greenhouse?
It is not difficult to achieve such high yields. To do this, you need to use a three-turn technique for growing cucumbers, where two harvests occur in the autumn-winter-spring months, and one harvest in the summer. It is in the summer harvest of cucumbers that one of the most important key points of this business idea lies.
Practical example. So, there are 420 m² of greenhouse land planted with cucumbers, where the fruiting period falls on the period from 20.06. to 20.09. During this time, 25 kg of cucumbers were removed from 1 m² of greenhouse beds and sold at the lowest wholesale price - 20 rubles. per kg. As a result, the total harvest amounted to about 10 thousand kg and the owner of the greenhouse farm earned about 250 thousand rubles. This amount is quite enough to stock up on solid fuel and pay electricity bills.
Selection of varietal cucumbers
For growing and obtaining stable fruiting of cucumbers in a greenhouse, parthenocarpic hybrids are best suited.
Reference. Parthenocarpic cucumber is a hybrid variety capable of producing ovaries without pollination. At the same time, one should not confuse self-pollinated varieties with parthenocarpic ones, since the process of fruit formation is different for them. In addition, parthenocarpic vegetables grow without seeds.
As for the choice of a particular variety, it is better to contact the local seed station or seed institute. In this case, the risk of acquiring a fake is practically eliminated. There you can get all the information about the cultivation of parthenocarpic hybrids.
Table 3 Economic benefit from growing parthenocarpic cucumber in 3 turns.
Installation and maintenance of the greenhouse
How to establish stable sales channels for products?
Based on the above figures, for the year one greenhouse with an area of 500 m² receives 37 tons of output fresh cucumbers, and this is a little more than 3 tons of vegetable products per month. Naturally, such a considerable amount of vegetables needs to be sold as quickly as possible, and here you need to use several distribution channels at once:
Of course, all these distribution channels have their advantages and disadvantages regarding the final cost of greenhouse cucumbers, the volume of batches sold, etc. However, in order to establish them and not suffer losses from overproduction in the future, it is necessary to create a stable distribution network several months before the mass harvest. That is, to agree in advance with the owners of outlets, to discuss the conditions, prices, the size of the supplied lots, to conclude oral or written contracts. In this case, the problem of selling greenhouse cucumbers will be completely solved.
Feasibility studies for starting a business
Capital investments
How much can you earn?
Revenue calculation:
Annual expenses:
Profit calculation:
Profit= 2,220,000 rubles. - 198,000 rubles. = 2,022,000 rubles. *
* The amount of profitability of the activity is according to the expert opinion of the author of the article and is conditional, presented for the reader to understand how profitability is calculated (note from the Moneymaker Factory).
What gardener does not want to get a good harvest from his plot. In order to increase the number of cucumbers grown indoors, not only good plant care is needed, but also right choice culture varieties. AT recent times a lot of seeds are sold in stores, and it is very difficult for a beginner vegetable grower to decide. Consider the main high-yielding cucumber hybrids, time-tested.
Often, when buying seeds, gardeners are guided by the yield that the manufacturer stated on the package. But it is worth understanding that the figure on the bag is conditional. The fact is that the agrofirm actually creates optimally favorable conditions for the growth and fruiting of crops, which is not always possible to do in a summer cottage. Let's compare the yield of the most popular varieties:
| Name | Productivity from 1 m 2 kg | Productivity per hundred kg | Yield per hectare |
| Bochkova | 10,5 | 1050 | 1050 |
| Alligator | 9,4 | 940 | 940 |
| Timi | 11 | 1100 | 1100 |
| friendly family | 10,3 | 1030 | 1030 |
| Amur | 30-50 | 3000-5000 | 3000-5000 |
| Prestige | 28 | 2800 | 2800 |
| Courage | 16 | 1600 | 1600 |
| Hermann | 25 | 2500 | 2500 |
| Northern lights | 29,3 | 2930 | 2930 |
As can be seen from the table above, the yield of different varieties is very different. This indicator directly depends on genetics, which determines the length of the main stem and additional lashes, the number of female inflorescences in each node. The work of breeders in our time is aimed at breeding hybrids of the beam type of flowering, therefore the yield of such hybrids is much higher than simple varieties.
High-yielding greenhouse varieties of cucumbers resistant to diseases
To get a good harvest, it is not enough to plant high-yielding hybrids, since often common diseases and infections can reduce all attempts to get a lot of fruit to a minimum. Therefore, when choosing seed material, you need to pay attention to the resistance of the variety to common diseases. Consider the most popular:
Goosebump F1
An early ripening variety that will delight you with cucumbers on the 45th day after sowing the seeds in the greenhouse. This is a parthenocarpic hybrid that does not need insects for pollination. The flowering of the variety is bunched, and as a result, high yields. The hybrid is resistant to many types of diseases. fruit with good taste- universal.
Tom Thumb
An early maturing variety, the fruiting period begins on the 38th day, with a female type of flowering. Fruits are small, weighing no more than 60 g, this variety is ideal for greenhouses of any type and gives a friendly and good harvest. Resistant to diseases and viruses.
Benefit F1
An early maturing, self-pollinating hybrid capable of giving a friendly harvest for 45 days. The taste of these versatile cucumbers is very good without natural bitterness. The advantage is that the plant practically does not suffer from diseases common to this crop.
Alekseich F1
Early ripe culture with an average height of a bush. Parthenocarpic hybrid, self-pollinated. Resistant to diseases, not susceptible to viral infections. Differs in high productivity at cultivation in the closed ground.
Emelya F1
Universal hybrid, early ripening, self-pollinating, heat-loving. It is worth noting that this variety has unlimited growth of the main stem, so you need to form a bush to increase productivity. Disease resistant. The hybrid gives a harvest together; during the active growing season, harvesting is carried out daily.
How to increase the yield of cucumbers in the greenhouse
So, how to get a big crop of cucumbers in a greenhouse? To harvest a good crop of cucumbers from the greenhouse, you need to follow certain rules for caring for the plant - stepchild, water and fertilize in time.
The bush is formed as follows:
What kind of cucumber do you prefer?
Parthenocarpicbee pollinated
Top dressing is another important factor that greatly affects crop yields in greenhouses. Usually, three top dressings are carried out over the summer, but when growing hybrids with a long growing season, they will need at least 4:
It is worth noting that mulching the soil will help increase the yield of cucumbers in the greenhouse. Mulch helps retain moisture, inhibits weed growth, and provides additional plant nutrition.
The plant itself will tell you what kind of fertilizer it lacks in this moment. If the following symptoms appear:
Your culture is signaling a nitrogen deficiency. Also, you should pay attention to:
If you carefully observe the crop planted in the greenhouse, you can immediately understand how to feed the cucumbers at the moment.
If you do not have the opportunity to constantly be on the site and care for the plants, then equip the greenhouse with a simple drip irrigation system. For this, it is taken plastic bottle, the bottom is cut off from it, and several holes are made in the lid. Then the bottle is added dropwise to the cucumber bush. Pour water into a bottle, and you can safely not appear on the site for several days.
To increase productivity, many gardeners water cucumbers under the root with milk. To do this, add 2 liters of milk to 10 liters of heated water. Such watering promotes good flowering and fruit formation.
Video
You can also watch a video where an agronomist will tell you how to determine the number of cucumber fruits from one bush.
As you can see, the yield of cucumbers depends not only on good care. But if you are just starting to grow vegetables, it is useful to understand that you need to buy good seeds, properly prepare them for planting. Sow planting material in fertile soil and monitor the growth and development of the plant.
It is worth noting that if you ate during abundant fruiting, you will not be on the site and collect greens daily, then you will not see a high yield.