The following types of swimming are considered sports disciplines: crawl on the chest / back, breaststroke, butterfly. They figure in competitions; records are set on them. But fans of swimming and just people who know how to do it know very well that there are other ways to get around in the water. They are not sports, but in everyday life they are often used. Let's start with which swimming styles are sports.

Crawl

When they describe sports types of swimming in the pool and say the word "crawl", they usually mean exactly the crawl on the chest (or on the stomach). This is the fastest and most effective way to travel in the water. It was for him that the most significant speed record was set.

For comparison, you can use the 2015 data based on the results of competitions in a 50-meter pool (distance - 100 m):

first place - crawl - covering the distance in 46.91 seconds;
second place - butterfly - 49.82 seconds;
bronze - crawl on the back - 51.85 sec .;
breaststroke with an indicator of 57.13 sec. did not make it to the top three.

The last figure does not mean at all that breaststroke is worse than other types of sports swimming. It's just that his technique is much more complicated than others. But first, it's worth stopping at the crawl.

Crawl technique

He has many merits. This is the fastest type of sports swimming, the most dynamic and therefore extremely spectacular. A chest roll is also called a freestyle (a swimmer is allowed to move in several ways convenient for him). The main movement looks like this:

the rabbit's arms perform alternating strokes along the body;
legs work quickly, moving in a vertical plane like scissors;
inhalation occurs above the surface of the water in one direction or the other, depending on which hand is making the stroke;
the athlete exhales at the moment when he dives and moves under the water surface.

This basic movement is allowed to alternate periodically with wave-like body movements ("dolphin") and other elements. Actually, for this reason, the style is called "free".

Back crawl

If we mention the easiest swimming methods in technical terms, then it is worth starting with a crawl on your back. But this ease lies only in the fact that the swimmer does not need to constantly control his breathing. His face is above the water all the way. Breathing during a backstroke is much easier than during the same classic crawl or breaststroke.

The very name "crawl" comes from the English verb crawl, which translates as "crawling". But if the movement on the stomach can somehow be compared with this action, then the crawl on the back is something different. When moving slowly, it gives the impression of the most relaxed glide on the water. It is not uncommon for athletes to use these types of pool swimming to relax after an intense and grueling workout.

Execution technique

During movement in this style, the athlete always "lies" on his back. His face is turned up, and his hands perform wide strokes-swings (alternately right, then left). Only during the start and turns does the face sink into the water. The legs perform short up and down strokes, reminiscent of scissor movements.

Interestingly, the inverted crawl is the only style in which the athlete starts directly from the water. All other pool swimming styles involve a bollard start.

Another interesting fact is connected with the history of its formation as a sports type of swimming. Until 1912, the backstroke was considered the last one. But in the mentioned year, during the Olympics in Stockholm, American swimmer Harry Hebner covered the required distance with an inverted crawl. And he did not just swim, but won gold. After that, the breaststroke on the back was doomed.

Breaststroke

When asked which style of sports swimming is the slowest, they always remember the breaststroke. Why - we have already found out earlier. The species got its name from the French noun brass, which literally translates as "hand".

For the breaststroke, the arms really matter a lot. They perform wide and energetic strokes, "pushing" the athlete's body forward. One might get the impression that the breaststroke practitioner seems to be pulling up on his arms or, on the contrary, is pushed off by them from an invisible support.

Execution technique

During the movement, the breaststroke's arms work simultaneously, making the same movements forward and downward through the sides. Under the chest, the swimmer turns his palms over and brings them to a forward throw, which begins a new cycle of movements.

The athlete's legs perform movements similar to how a frog repels itself from water. His knees are near. Basically, only the legs and feet work. The lower legs perform eversion movements in different directions, as if scooping up water, and then pushing off from it.

The difficulty of the breaststroke is that the strokes with the arms and legs must be clearly coordinated. Then the movement of the body will be smooth, and the speed will be decent enough. It is also important for the breaststroke to coordinate his breathing with other actions. Inhalation, as in the case of a crawl, is performed above the surface, exhalation - in the water column.

Novice athletes sometimes swim, keeping their heads above the surface at all times. It is easier to breathe this way, but according to sports standards, it is not considered correct. Naturally, you can't swim like that at competitions.

The advantage of the breaststroke is its almost complete noiselessness. Once this style was used during military operations in the coastal strip. Breaststroke - the oldest of all known modes of human movement on water. Evidence of this was found in the "Cave of the Swimmers" (Egypt). The rock carvings decorating its vaults, 9 thousand years ago, depict people swimming breaststroke.

Butterfly

The name of this method is translated from English as "butterfly". It is sometimes also referred to as "dolphin". If we mention the most technically difficult and time-consuming types of sports swimming, the butterfly will take an honorable first place in this list. Compared to the styles described above, he is exceptionally young. It arose only in 1935, which for the whole history of sports is just a child's age.

Initially, the butterfly was perceived as a kind of breaststroke. They, indeed, have some similar features (the same undulating body movements, etc.), but otherwise these types of swimming are quite different from each other.

The first difference is that the butterfly is much faster and more powerful. In terms of speed, it ranks second in the general list. Another nuance concerns energy costs. To swim butterfly, you need to be a really strong and resilient person. Why this is so, you can understand by examining the butterfly technique.

Execution technique

The style was called "butterfly" for the wide strokes of the arms, reminiscent of the flapping of the wings of a moth. "Dolphin" - for the undulating body movements.

During the movement, the swimmer emerges from the water with his whole body, as dolphins do. Together it looks like this:

hands make wide synchronous strokes along the whole body, as if pushing it forward;
raising the body above the plane of the water, the athlete takes a breath and goes to dive;
simultaneously with the swings of the arms, the whole body performs an energetic wave.

It is considered a big mistake to "dolphin" with just the feet. Wave-like movements should come from the body, gradually move to the hips and end with the feet.

It is extremely important for a person swimming in such a technique to have excellent control over his body and be flexible. Each of his muscles must work for the result. That is why the butterfly is considered the most difficult.

This completes the classification of swimming with the so-called sports styles.

What you will not see in the competition

Like a dog

When asked which way of swimming is not sporty, the legendary "doggy style" immediately comes to mind. So you can move around in the water too. Especially if other types of swimming have not yet been mastered.

Many animals swim like a dog, small children and beginners who have just learned to stay in the water. This method is mastered on an intuitive level. The body itself tells you what to do.

During the swim, the person is face down. The arms make quick raking movements under the body, the legs make short vertical sweeps, reminiscent of the clicks of scissors. This is a simple and inexpensive method that is often used by weakened or injured people.

Frog

Another unsportsmanlike option is the "frog". It resembles the most simplified breaststroke. The swimmer's head is above the water, the face is turned down. The arms and legs perform rounded strokes, similar to the movements of the limbs of a swimming frog. The method is as simple as possible. Great for beginners.

Colchis-Iberian way

Another unsportsmanlike and little-known option for overcoming water space is the Colchis-Iberian (or Georgian) swimming style. The name comes from the name of the area where it originated and was popular until recently.

This style is unique in that the swimmer performs a wave-like motion with the pelvis while his arms are pressed firmly against the body and his legs are brought together. The Colchis-Iberian style was once a military training technique for practicing swimming with tied hands and feet. It is now used for deep diving.

As in the butterfly, the stamina and strength of the swimmer is important here. Previously, the Colchis-Iberian method of swimming was used to educate the fighting spirit of soldiers. A person bound and thrown into the water begins to panic and therefore drowns. The warriors were taught to overcome this fear and, using the acquired skills, save their lives in the most hopeless situation.

Synchronized swimming

It cannot be called a species or a way of swimming. Rather, it is a separate discipline that combines many characteristics. It is considered a primordially female sport and requires tremendous endurance from athletes, excellent control of their bodies, as well as grace and a sense of rhythm.

Synchronized swimming is a dance in the water, in some sense of aerobatics. They do not set speed records here, and the main emphasis is on the technicality and synchronization of movements of all the girls in the group.

Now, having got acquainted with different types of swimming, it will be a little easier for novice athletes to make a choice and decide on which path to develop further.

There are four main swimming styles: crawl, breaststroke, butterfly and backstroke.

In this article, we will look at and demonstrate each of these styles, talk about their technique, as well as other existing types of swimming.

Crawl is the fastest view

The swivel on the chest looks like this:

Algorithm of movements:

If you would like to know more about the crawl,. It details the technique, exercises and how to learn this swimming technique.

Also note that the crawl is the fastest of all styles (proof -). For this reason, it also has a different name - "freestyle"(free style): in freestyle competitions, swimmers can choose any method, but in modern times they only choose crawl for such races.

However, the difference in speed is not important for recreational swimming, since in this case we are talking about seconds.

Breaststroke is the most energy efficient way

The breaststroke from the side looks like this:

Algorithm of movements:

Hands do the stroke at the same time- pulled up to themselves, then thrown forward again.
At the moment of pulling up the arms (and thanks to him) head and shoulders rise above the water to inhale... Then the face is lowered into the water to exhale.
In the course of the stroke, the knees are pulled up, then at the moment of throwing out the arms, the feet and legs are spread apart (the knees are not pulled apart) and jerk with feet... At the end point of the push, the feet are brought together (the meaning of the movements of the stupas is that they, as it were, push off the water, make a stroke).

Breaststroke is considered the most energy efficient way of swimming, i.e. requiring less energy... If you are tired, then, swimming in this way, you can slide for a long time after each stroke, saving strength.

On the other hand, breaststroke is considered by many to be the hardest style to master.

It is believed that learning the correct breaststroke technique is more difficult than the crawl:

Photo - the moment of kicking in breaststroke

it is very important that the pull-ups and the push are done at the right time, exact synchronization required whole body actions;
difficult to master is correct leg technique(as opposed to simple crawl swings);
it is important not only to properly row with both hands, but also throw them forward correctly- so that there is advancement and sliding, and not deceleration of the body.

Read about how to learn to swim breaststroke.

Butterfly technique - photo and description

Butterfly (aka “dolphin”) is rightfully considered the most spectacular style:

Algorithm of movements:

The main feature of the technique is the wave-like movements performed by the body..
Hands simultaneously stroke, but, unlike breaststroke, they are not thrown back immediately, but go to the hip, then thrown back through the top. The movements of the hands are in sync with the undulating movements of the body.
Legs work like a single "tail" striking in sync with the wave going through the body.
For breaths head and shoulders rise during the stroke, then the face is lowered into the water to exhale.

The butterfly swimmer looks very nice and effective - see for yourself:

However, the downside of this beauty is the high expenditure of energy: this is the most exhausting way of swimming, requiring both good endurance and strong muscles of the back, lower back, abs, and shoulders.

He is definitely not suitable for beginners- it is usually mastered after the crawl and breaststroke.

On the back

Backstroke usually means (although it happens):

Generally the algorithm of movements is similar to the crawl on the chest, only the specificity is that the swimmer is turned upside down: the arms take turns to stroke, the legs to swing.

How to properly swim underwater

Scuba diving deserves special attention. It is believed that for movement underwater, it is best to use modified versions of the butterfly or breaststroke:

In an underwater butterfly the arms are stretched forward with an arrow, the movement under water is due to the undulating movements of the body and legs.
In the underwater breaststroke after the stroke, the hands are not thrown forward, but placed along the hips, then, during the kick, they are smoothly brought forward for subsequent sliding.

Other varieties

The above styles are considered to be the most optimal and healthful ways to move in the water.

Of the other varieties that are in demand, you can also mention:

Swimming doggy style

- it not very recommended option, which, however, in some cases can be used as an auxiliary exercise.
- mostly used also as an exercise, but in some cases it can also act as an independent method.

Start and turns in the pool

Speaking of sports swimming, one cannot fail to mention how to start correctly (if we are talking about competitions or if you want to do the right diving for yourself) and how to turn while exercising in the pool.

You can find the answer to these questions in these articles:

turns and.

Sprint

If you are a professional crawler for short distances, that is, a sprint, then we recommend using the advice given in the book "How to Swim Faster" by Don Talbot.

Key tips from Don Talbot:

legs- bend them a little more strongly, making a blow more in the direction of the back than down;
stroke- bring your hand closer to the water and not make its obvious bend (in the classical technique, it clearly bends at the elbow and is embedded in the water - here the author recommends not to make such an obvious bend);
there should be a lot of strokes, but not too many - not to the detriment of their strength and effectiveness;
water capture in fact, it is not done - as soon as the hand enters the water, it immediately begins to stroke;
exercise breath holding to take fewer breaths at a distance, as they slow down the movement.

Sports standards

For those who are interested in swimming as a sport, I have separately collected all the information on the standards, categories, sports titles in swimming.

Briefly about the types of swimming: which one is better to choose? Swimming figured

Swimming is a popular sport that transforms the body beyond recognition. It will suit everyone, without exception. A harmonious combination of aerobic and power loads on a variety of muscle groups trains endurance and changes physique. It is an excellent alternative to the gym, plus the risk of injury is minimal here.

Swimming is beneficial for the figure after half an hour in the water and is tantamount to a long cardio workout. Improves posture, strengthens the legs, back, chest, shoulder, neck muscles. After two months of regular exercise, a sports figure is acquired.

Swimmer figure

Tall people are considered to be born swimmers, in whom the distance between the tips of the middle fingers of the spread arms is greater than their height. It depends on the parameters of the body, which style of swimming is better to choose: long - backstroke, short - breaststroke, muscular - butterfly. Even if natural data are far from ideal, regular exercise will help change the body.

Integral components of a swimmer's figure:

developed back muscles - regular training strengthens the muscles of the entire back, improves posture;
large shoulders - with a physique in the form of a downward looking triangle, extremely developed;
triceps - pumped up muscles of the arms;
slim waist;
sweeping chest;
formed abdominal muscles;
flexible shoulders and back.

In order to get the image of your dreams and find the figure of a swimmer, you need hard training for at least a year. You also need to devote time to other sports, giving preference to strength training.

How swimming affects your figure

During swimming, the body experiences complex loads on almost all muscle groups. Going to the pool on a regular basis will work your entire body from your legs to your neck.

To obtain the desired result and body shaping in the desired direction, it is necessary to use different swimming styles:

free (front crawl) - pumps the muscles of the chest, affects the legs and back, shoulders and arms are under water and are least of all subject to changes;
breaststroke - the shoulder girdle is pumped (the front delta, a little less - the back delta), back, arms, the lats, trapezius muscles work well;
butterfly - muscles of the shoulders, chest, back, legs are pumped, the spine is "straightened";
on the back - the muscles of the legs and shoulders are pumped, it will help get rid of the excess on the sides.

The most effective types are considered butterfly and crawl. In order for the workout to bring the greatest result, it is better to warm up for 15 minutes (swim in a free style), swim actively for 15 minutes, and then just lie on the surface of the water for 5 minutes. Repeat this sequence.

Water is denser than air and has more resistance, and therefore more stress on the muscles. Therefore, body shaping requires less training than in the gym. The pool helps to develop muscles in the dorsal, shoulder, cervical, lumbar, regions, legs become slimmer, correct posture is formed, joints are strengthened.

How does swimming affect the figure of a woman / girl

A large chest and broad shoulders are the effects of swimming in the pool that women are most excited about. But if the visits are reduced to two sessions per week, and the distance is up to 500 meters at a time, then such consequences can be avoided.

Pool sessions are aimed at increasing endurance, not building muscle. The figure becomes more toned, the muscles of the legs, hips, buttocks, abdomen, arms, shoulders are strengthened.

Swimming for cellulite

A slender waist is facilitated by crawl swimming, due to active turns, while the load on the lumbar region is not significant. Breaststroke will tighten the inner and lateral thighs, get rid of cellulite. The crawl will increase the quads, hamstrings and glutes.

In general, swimming has a beneficial effect on the figure of women: the calf muscle is formed, the breeches disappear, the abdomen is tightened, the muscles of the chest are made more elastic, the muscles of the back and shoulders are strengthened, as a result of which posture improves.

Why swimming with varicose veins is useful?

How does swimming affect the figure of a man

Swimming is the ideal sport for men. Swimmers are usually moderately thin, with broad shoulders, long and flexible limbs, with a well-developed abs.

If nature has not rewarded such data, then you should not despair, swimming has an extremely beneficial effect on the figure of men. Progress will be noticeable after just two months of regular training. And after a year, the body will take the shape of an inverted triangle. The shoulder and back muscles are worked out due to active loads on them. The chest expands due to the control of breathing. All this makes the torso wider.

To gain muscle mass, you need to do weighted swimming. The body will not be angular, but streamlined - this is due to the resistance of the water.

A combination of the following styles will bring the greatest results: crawl, backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly. The most powerful and loading upper body is the butterfly. Legs, glutes and arms will pump up breaststroke. To balance the body in water, a press is used, which actively works with wave-like movements.

The ideal workout option is to alternate between pool and open water swims. Observing simple requirements, you can change your figure beyond recognition. The most developed male body is achieved through swimming and strength training.

Swimming can help shape shape even for those who have joint problems, back problems, who are very overweight, or those who cannot go to the gym for other reasons. Positive emotions and a very strong immunity will be pleasant bonuses to the changed image, which is also an additional incentive to improve your figure.

swimpower.ru

Types of swimming, water swimming, classification

People are very fond of water and swimming, because a person has been growing and developing in the aquatic environment for all 9 months. Swimming is very good for your health, read about it here. Let's now analyze what kind of water swimming exist.

Swimming types:

Sports swimming
Diving
Play swimming
Baby swimming
Diving
Underwater rugby
Health-improving swimming
Water aerobics

Diving

An independent sport, 1904 included in the program of the Olympic Games. Jumping into the water is performed from a springboard of 1 and 3 meters and from towers of 5 and 10 meters. Recently, a new and spectacular discipline has appeared - synchronized diving.

Play swimming

Water polo. An exciting and spectacular swimming experience. Included in the program of the Olympic Games since 1908. At first, the competition was held only among men's teams, now women also play water polo.

Figure swimming

Synchronized swimming. Since 1984, it has been included in the program of the Olympic Games, only women participate, the participation of men is discussed. Synchronized swimming is a beautiful and spectacular kind of swimming; athletes perform in teams of 8, in duets and solo. Russian synchronized swimmers from year to year show the best results under the guidance of head coach Pokrovskaya.

Marathon swimming

High-speed swimming in open water: lake, river, sea, ocean. Recently it has been gaining popularity. Since 2008 it has been included in the program of the Olympic Games.

Water aerobics

A new type of swimming is gaining popularity among the adult population of the country. Water aerobics is the performance of physical exercises with music, the coach stands on the side of the pool and shows the exercises, the practitioners repeat after him, listening to commands and instructions. In water aerobics lessons, various equipment is used. The duration of the lesson is from 40 minutes to 1 hour.

Diving

An independent sport. Requires an athlete to have good physical data: the ability to swim and dive, and hold his breath for a long time. Since 1968, competitions have been held in the following types of scuba diving: high-speed swimming, underwater orientation, underwater shooting.

Scuba orienteering: instrument scuba diving and search. The final result is assessed by the speed and accuracy of reaching the finish line.

Sports underwater shooting. This is shooting underwater at targets, including fish.

Underwater rugby

Team play underwater with a ball filled with saline. The object of the game is to score the ball into the opponent's basket. The basket stands under water at a depth of 4 meters. Athletes are equipped with fins and masks. A physically difficult sport, the game is held while holding the breath. Read more here.

Sports swimming as a separate type of swimming is part of the all-around: pentathlon and triathlon (swimming in open water).

Triathlon

A sport that includes three disciplines: swimming, cycling and highway running. Athletes consistently participate in this type of competition. First, they swim in open water for 1500 meters, then when they go ashore they change their clothes and get on a bicycle, the length of the cycling section is 40 km, after which they run for 10 km. Since 2000, triathlon has been included in the Olympic Games program.

plavanieinfo.ru

Styles and types of swimming - photo, description and characteristics of ways

Which way to swim to choose?

The water unloads the joints and ligaments, the spine, which makes it possible to engage in such water "physical education" even for those who suffer from diseases associated with the musculoskeletal system. When stooping and increased chest bending (hyperkyphosis), it is advisable to choose a method of swimming on the stomach. In this case, the spine is extended backward. And, as a result, posture correction. And for those diagnosed with flattening of the thoracic curvature of the spine, on the contrary, it is better to swim on the back. Those who have not been involved in sports for a long time or older people should give preference to breaststroke. Body weight in water is reduced by almost 10 times. This is another plus for the exercise of physically unprepared people.

At the same time, the positive effect of swimming, regardless of the style or location chosen, in a pool or river, is significant. People who prefer this sport have a much lower risk of injury.

We have already talked about the benefits of swimming in general for the body, but it will not be superfluous to recall that this type of physical activity helps to strengthen the heart and blood vessels, as well as reduce blood pressure. So, among professional swimmers there are two times less people suffering from arterial hypertension than among athletes in other sports.

Swimming is a universal type of training. Children and adults of all ages can participate in this sport. It is also shown to people suffering from overweight.

24health.by

Swimming - swimming world

Swimming is a broad concept. It has many different meanings. We consider swimming as the movement of a person in water without equipment. Swimming is divided into the following types: sports, applied, synchronized (figure) and auxiliary.

Swimming harmoniously develops the muscles of a person, improves the activity of the heart. The swimmer has to overcome the pressure of water on the chest (especially when inhaling), reaching 12-15 kg. Considering that for every thousand meters a swimmer takes about 500 breaths, that in one workout he swims from 3 to 8000 meters and each time overcomes this pressure, then it is not difficult to imagine what an excellent gymnastics for the development of respiratory muscles and respiratory organs is swimming ...

Swimming is a hygienic sport. During swimming, water cleanses the skin of dirt, sweat, grease; the swimmer breathes moist, cool and clean air. The sun's rays kill harmful bacteria on human skin. Exposure to sun, air and water baths, combined with rhythmic swimming movements and rhythmic breathing, improves metabolism.

Swimming is a vital applied skill. The ability to swim not only allows people to overcome water obstacles by swimming, but, most importantly, protects them from death in various accidents on the water. One who knows how to swim will not drown himself and can save another.

Swimming is educational. In a properly organized process of classes for the study and improvement of swimming technique, in the process of training and competition, not only the physical qualities of the swimmer - strength, speed, endurance, dexterity - are developed and improved, but willpower, perseverance, courage, determination, confidence, discipline are also brought up.

Swimming fosters aesthetic feelings, in particular this applies to figure (artistic) swimming, which includes various individual and team exercises and changes in the water to music. Figure swimming has become more and more widespread in recent years.

Swimming is available to a person from early childhood, from 3-4 years old, and into old age. Swimming - both men and women are successfully engaged in swimming. Due to these features, and also due to the fact that swimming is a great pleasure, it has become widespread. Hundreds of millions of children, young people and the elderly flock to bodies of water and pools in the summer to cool off and swim in the cool water. For swimming in the cold season, numerous winter pools with warm water are built. As a sport, swimming is popular everywhere, especially in hot countries and countries of the temperate climatic zone. Swimming is included in the program of the Olympic Games, in which the best swimmers in the world participate. In addition, continental championships are periodically organized, including European championships.

Swimming categories are included in the Uniform Sports Classification. This classification provides for the assignment of sports categories to swimmers - I, II, III kms and the category of a master of sports. Unlike many other sports in swimming, there are sports categories for boys and girls, girls and girls, starting from the age of 12. This is a characteristic feature of swimming - its accessibility for children and adolescents.

mirplavanie.com

Synchronized Swimming - Rating System

Evaluation is done by seven judges who award points from 0 to 10 (half point may be awarded). In synchronized swimming, five out of 100 possible figures are selected for the compulsory program.

This is done by drawing lots before the start of the competition, with 3 exercises not exceeding a difficulty level of 1.7 (Series 1) and 2 exercises must not exceed a difficulty level of 1.7 (Series 2). Every four years, the figures of the 1st and 2nd series are re-approved by the International Commission of Figure Swimming at the International Swimming Federation.

Each exercise is performed separately, without musical accompaniment. A mark is given for him, which is displayed as follows: the minimum and maximum marks of the seven are excluded, then the arithmetic mean is derived from the remaining five, which is compared with the degree of difficulty of the performed exercise.

It is much more difficult to evaluate a free program that is performed with musical accompaniment. Each of the seven judges must, in one assessment, take into account the degree of synchronicity, the degree of complexity of figures and movements, expressiveness, compositional embodiment of the program, the elaboration of movements in the water, the coordination of actions between the participants, the depth of the topic disclosure, the selection of costumes, the type and originality of the program.

The duration of the free program should not exceed 5 minutes. The introductory movements on land included in the program should not be performed longer than 20 seconds.

In synchronized swimming competitions, the mark is given for the execution of a program consisting of 8 drawings, a prologue and an epilogue. Drawings are selected and compiled using a catalog of drawings, and in competitions of groups of eight people, the degree of complexity of all exercises should not exceed 16.5 points, and in competitions of groups of twelve athletes - 20 points.

world-sport.org

Synchronized Swimming - Technique

The technique of figured swimming includes various methods of swimming, "paddel", working out compulsory figures and the formation of drawings.

Swimming styles

Athletes must be proficient in the following swimming styles:

crawl,
on the back,
breaststroke,
butterfly,
on the side,
as well as variants of these methods.

Proficiency in these styles is a prerequisite for figure swimming. However, the technical principle of their reproduction in figured swimming changes:

the face is constantly above the water;
so that the athlete can follow the musical rhythm, maintain orientation in space and coordinate her movements with the movements of her partners;
vigorous footwork takes place deep under water so that splashes do not appear on the surface;
hand movements are stylized, their pace, direction, shape and accent depend on the music, theme and level of preparedness of the team.

"Paddeln"

Although paddeln is generally not recognized as a swimming style, it is extremely important in figure swimming. "Paddeln" - small movements of the hands and hands, which increase buoyancy and allow you to perform a variety of movements in the water.

"Paddeln" in the supine position in place (hands move at the sides at a level slightly below the hips) is often the starting and final position when performing figures in synchronized swimming. "Paddeln" serves to move the body forward when changing the pattern, unless the transition is carried out under water.

Shapes

According to the international classification, the figures in synchronized swimming are divided into five groups ("ballet position", "dolphin", "contradelphin", "salti" and "diverse") and are designated by numbers. The figures of the "ballet position" group are characterized by a leg raised vertically above the water surface with a drawn toe.

In the starting position, the athlete lies on her back on the surface of the water with an absolutely elongated body position. Individual figures are performed by rotation around the longitudinal and transverse axes, as well as various forms of dives and ascents.

For the dolphin and contra-dolphin groups, it is typical to swim in a circle that begins with a dive in a supine position and ends with an ascent in the same position. In the figures of the "dolphin" group, the circle swims headfirst, the "contradelfin" group - feet forward.

Easy bending of one leg at the knee, pulling the socks, rotation around the longitudinal axis, continuous swimming of two circles to complete the figure of a horizontally lying figure eight, simultaneous swimming of the circle by two or more participants - all these are essential possibilities for varying the figures of these groups.

While in other sports it is necessary to make at least one full turn to perform a somersault, in figure swimming, a quarter turn is regarded as a somersault. So, for example, the first in the group "salti" figure "barracuda" consists of diving headfirst in the supine position, followed by the removal of the legs bent at the hip joints above the water surface.

In addition, this group includes rotations performed with the legs bent at the knees and hip joints (in the "grouping" position) or only in the hip joints. The rotation is directly adjacent to the movement that provides the extension of the legs vertically above the surface of the water.

However, the legs should not "freeze" in this position above the water. The “diverse” group includes all other forms of movement, which consist of handstands, overturns, rotations on the surface of the water and figures.

Formation of drawings

The technique of drawing patterns in synchronized swimming does not imply mastery of a large number of forms of movement. The body of the athlete in the supine position is flatly stretched on the surface of the water. She should be able to stay in this position for a long time without moving her arms and legs.

At the same time, the arms can be pressed to the body, half-lowered in relation to the body, spread in different directions, half-raised or raised vertically above the head. The pelvic muscles are tense. Stretched out legs with drawn toes can be closed or spread apart.

The designs are based on triangles, quadrangles and circles, which can be transformed into crosses, stars and other designs. Athletes hold on to each other (connection methods: hand to hand, leg to leg, leg to head, leg to arm, etc.). By closing and spreading arms and legs, athletes can, as it were, make the drawings move.

You can increase the effect by forming circles. A very effective and difficult exercise in synchronized swimming (group) is the "wheel". This exercise is not about creating a pattern on the surface of the water, but a figure in constant motion.

All athletes of one group lie on their backs in one row, touching their partner's head with their feet. The first dives headfirst, as when performing exercises of the "dolphin" group, and swims underneath everything nearby. She is under water until, having emerged, she touches the head of the legs of the last member of the row. Since the movement of the entire group is continuous and the head-to-foot connection is not disturbed, the swimmers depict a spinning dolphin wheel.

world-sport.org

figure swimming

Russian-Finnish Dictionary. 2015.

figure skating
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Hi everybody!

Regular visitors to our blog already know that relatively recently I purchased a subscription to the "Champion" sports complex and now I am trying to visit the pool at least 3 times a week. Here I already wrote about it.

To achieve the best possible effect from training, the correct swimming technique is an important factor.

There will be separate blog posts on the technique of a specific swimming style, and today I will tell you what types and styles of swimming are in general.

I discarded all unnecessary from the heap of materials on Runet and found the most basic and interesting information so that after reading the article you have a clear idea of the picture.

In general, we will deal with all the reasons that can lead a person to the pool, and find out the main methods of movement in the water.

Swimming classification

Friends, each of us comes to the pool with our own goals and personal desires - it is not surprising that today different types of swimming are in demand in modern society.

Some are in need of wellness classes, others come to the sports center for their next training session, dreaming of joining the national team for the Olympic Games. ?

In general, it is on the track that the patient, the future record holder and the novice player of the water polo team can meet.

Thus, I present to your attention the classification of the main types of swimming with brief characteristics following from each category:

Each of the above types of swimming can significantly improve overall health by increasing the performance of internal organs and normalizing many biological processes in the body. Not weak, huh? ?

It is enough just to regularly visit the pool, performing the planned training program for the day. I also want to note the following nuance - you can familiarize yourself with the benefits of swimming specifically for the spine in this article previously posted on our blog.

Basic swimming styles

Having dealt with the types of such physical activity, I propose to move on to the next vital question: What are the swimming styles?

Unfortunately, I will not consider options for diving and playing sports, because these are still specialized areas.

I will introduce our readers to the basic swimming styles with which you can move around the pool lane:

Breaststroke(symmetrical movements of the arms from the chest, while the legs perform jerking movements; in other words, this technique is popularly called "frog-like").

Crawl(hands alternately perform strokes, and legs perform the function of "scissors", working like a motor).

On the back(The swimming technique of this style is similar to the crawl, the only difference lies in the position of the body relative to the horizon - a person moves in the water on his back, while his arms do not bend during movements).

"Butterfly"(the body rises above the water when powerful strokes are performed synchronously with straightened arms; visually, an athlete moving with the help of this technique resembles a butterfly, therefore the name of this method is appropriate).

Freestyle(in this form, all the listed methods are combined; when passing the distance, the swimmer independently chooses a convenient way of moving in the water for him).

I would also like to determine from the above varieties which swimming style is faster. I will not walk around, and around - this is a crawl. With the help of this technique of movement in the water, it is possible to overcome impressive distances in a short segment.

However, I note that the athlete gets tired too quickly. To crawl, you need excellent physical fitness and, of course, a healthy body.

An important clarification: “Swimming is a complex of characteristic actions of an athlete that correspond to certain rules.
Well, if it's simpler, the swimmer's body must be in the water without support (suspended state), in a horizontal position, while the exhalation is invariably longer than the inhalation. These are the criteria that explain the intricate terminology. " ?

Contraindications to swimming

Swimming is deservedly considered one of the safest types of physical activity. Everything is explained by the beneficial effect of water on the human body. However, even for wellness techniques, there are a number of contraindications that prohibit patients from visiting the pool:

Congenital heart defects or other genetic pathologies.
Dangerous stages of tuberculosis and syphilis.
Disorders in the work of internal organs, which do not exclude the risk of bleeding.
Severe bowel disorder.
Joint damage (dislocations, bruises and other injuries).
Acute renal, heart, or hepatic failure.
Infection with viral infections (ARVI).
Skin diseases implying purulent and inflammatory processes.
Anatomical abnormalities that make it impossible to fully move in the water.
Observation of allergic reactions.
Epilepsy.
Prone to seizures.
Feverish susceptibility.

As you have already noticed, the list contains mainly chronic diseases accompanied by inflammatory processes or severe disruptions in the functioning of internal organs. In general, swimming is prohibited only in severe cases.

Friends, be sure to keep in mind that the pool is a public place in which there is a variety of harmful microbes and other microorganisms. Remember to ignore the above norms - unjustified risk.

Did you know: “It is always important to inquire in advance about the condition of the pool water. Do not be lazy and be sure to regularly ask the workers of the complex about the concentration of chlorine in the liquid.
It is this chemical element that is used to disinfect water. By the way, carrying out such a procedure is spelled out directly in the sanitary standards.
So this is what I mean, an excessive concentration of chlorine has a negative effect on health - swimmers have strong allergic reactions, diarrhea, problems with skin, nails and hair. "

If any of the Start-health subscribers have already tried out different swimming styles from personal experience, then be sure to share your feelings with us!

Friends, perhaps you can help blog visitors to make their choice by advising the best way to travel in the water.

Do you still have questions about the types of swimming? We will be happy to answer them. If you have noticed, we are always glad to have a lively conversation in the comments! ?

And here are some more forgotten swimming styles. It turns out that I am swimming in "little saplings". ?

Unfortunately, it's time to say goodbye! See you soon, bye!

Synchronized swimming is a women's water sport, the essence of which is to perform various figures and movements in the water to the accompaniment of music. Synchronized swimming is an Olympic sport.

The history of synchronized swimming

Even in ancient Greece, during the holidays, young girls and boys danced in a circle in the water. Modern synchronized swimming began to emerge in Canada in the 1920s. This sport was originally called "water ballet". Ten years later, synchronized swimming reached America, where it became widespread and recognized as a sport.

In 1952, the first synchronized swimming championship was held in France, in the same year it was recognized as an international sport.

In 1958, the first international competitions were held in Amsterdam, and in 1973 the first world synchronized swimming championship was held.

In 1984, synchronized swimming entered the program of the Olympic Games and has been considered an Olympic sport ever since.

Synchronized swimming rules (briefly)

Synchronized swimming competitions are held both between duets and between teams. The synchronized swimming team consists of eight athletes. Synchronized swimmers compete in two programs (technical and free). The list and order of elements in the technical program is strictly determined by the technical committee. The program is performed according to an arbitrary musical accompaniment.

The free program shows all the beauty of this sport. Here the elements and music are exclusively the coach's fantasy. In competitions, synchronized swimmers should try to use the entire pool area, perform at a different pace and rhythm. The duration of the free program is 4 minutes for duets and 5 minutes for teams.

Synchronized Swimming Pool

A synchronized swimming pool should measure 20 by 30 meters, while on an area of 12 by 12 meters, the depth of the pool should be at least 3 meters. The water temperature should be 26 degrees (+/- 1 degree). The water in the pool must be transparent from the surface to the very bottom, this is necessary for an objective assessment of the elements being performed.

Synchronized Swimming Judging

The judging system in synchronized swimming is similar to that in figure skating. The jury evaluating the performance of the synchronized swimmers consists of two groups of judges of five people in each (located around the pool): one group evaluates the technique of execution, and the other - artistry. The maximum mark that each member of the jury can give is ten points.