Children in concentration camps
Nelya.
From the inscriptions on the camp graves:
Tolya Amozov 1937 - 1942,
Nelli Vasilievna Aprokhina,
8.3. 1938 - 28.8. 1942.
I met you by chance
And smiled sadly.
Birch thin candle
Burning dimly above
And like sparks from a fire,
Foliage, circling, flew.
Two steps were before you -
You are in a light white dress.
Among the branches, like poppies,
Blazing all at sunset...
But the ghost is gone. Numbers of years
Crucified above the mound.
How poorly measured is your term!
After all, I don’t know, Nelya:
Have you managed at least once
Swing on a swing?<…>
Flowers awkwardly tugging
I stand over the grave.
Oh Nelya, do not return you
By no means.
V. I. MIKHAILOV
A group of children liberated from the Auschwitz concentration camp
A group of children released from the Auschwitz concentration camp (Auschwitz). In the photo: Tomasz Szwarz, Alicja Gruenbaum, Solomon Rozalin, Gita Sztrauss, Vera Sadler, Marta Wiess, Boro Eksztein ), Josef Rozenwaser, Rafael Szlezinger, Gabriel Nejman, Gugiel Appelbaum, Mark Berkowitz (twin), Pesa Balter, Ruth Muskis (Rut Muszkies), Miriam Friedman (Miriam Friedman) and twins: Miriam Mozes (Miriam Mozes) and Eva Mozes (Eva Mozes, on the right, both in knitted hats. Born on January 31, 1934 in a village in Transylvania). In total, about 7,500 people, including children, were released in the camp. The Germans managed to take about 50 thousand prisoners from Auschwitz to other camps before the Red Army units approached. The picture was taken from the film film about the liberation of Auschwitz, filmed by cameramen of the 1st Ukrainian Front. Source: http://www.902.gr.
The history of mankind is replete with wars. But the world has never known a war like World War II. Unleashed by German fascism, it drew dozens of countries, hundreds of millions of people into its fiery orbit, marking the 30s and 40s of our century with a terrible, bloody metaphor.
War memory. It does not fade, does not fade over the years. Because, probably, it is not only the memory of individuals or one generation. This is the Memory of the People, forever etched into its history, into its present and future, into its national self-consciousness.
All the peoples of our country, the former Soviet Union, felt what war is. And more than 5 million children became prisoners of concentration camps, ghettos and other places of detention scattered throughout occupied Europe. They carried their cross - innocent, deprived of the most joyful time - childhood. Overwork and illness, cold and hunger were companions of children. They mocked them, conducted medical experiments, took blood. Only one out of ten survived. They learned not only the horror of slave labor, but also humiliation, an insult to human dignity.
“We were sent to Germany from Kursk on May 14, 1942,” recalls Yulia Shmarina. “I just turned sixteen, a year ago I graduated from the 7th grade of high school.” It was in the spring of 1942 that the forced deportation of young people to Germany began. A summons came to the house demanding to come to the station on the specified day and hour. Sometimes the German officers took away the passports; to get them, you had to go to the station again. Many refused to appear and hid. In this case, they were taken away under escort, with dogs.
However, not only teenagers were taken away. Together with their mothers, children of several years of age were kept in the camps. From the memoirs of Polina Nikitina: “Mom had three of us: Tatyana is 7 years old, Valentina is 4 years old and I am two. All residents of Zharnikovo and the surrounding villages were transported to Petrozavodsk. Then the crowd was led through the city to Promyshlennaya Street, where camp No. 3 was prepared ... "
We traveled to Germany in calf freight trains, so many people were driven into the cars that even sitting it was impossible to stretch our legs, and people lost consciousness from stuffiness. Many died before reaching their destination. Here is what Valentina Somova recalls: “There was some straw on the floor in the carriage, there was a bucket in the corner, there was a small barred window. Mothers were crying at the station, we called our mothers from the carriages.
Those few days before the German border, the prisoners traveled in appalling conditions. They were fed once a day: they were given a piece of bread and drink. One of the prisoners called this drink ersatz coffee. Sometimes they were fed rutabaga soup with worms.
Freight trains with prisoners often came under bombardment. In the wagons there were the wounded, who were not given any help, and the dead. From the memoirs of Oksana Grebenkova: “... there was a terrible moan and cry. Everyone wanted to eat and breathe at least a breath of fresh air. There were daredevils who tried to escape, but since the cars were under guard, they were immediately returned: at the station, policemen with dogs bypassed the cars. And then, where to run? .. All around - the territory occupied by the Germans.
At the border with Germany, everyone was shaved, photographed, having previously assigned numbers, and fingerprinted. After they were taken inland; at the stations, people were taken out of the wagons in groups and sold. It was actually the sale of slaves in the slave market. The buyers felt the prisoners from head to toe, choosing those that were stronger. Here is what Valentina Somova says: “They even took off my scarf, looked at the lice. So the buyer chose a slave for himself, paid 10-15 marks and took him to his estate.
Those few who were selected were taken away to work for the Germans. Teenagers looked after the children, worked in the field on horseback, took care of livestock ... The working day began at six in the morning and ended around midnight. Here is a quote from a surviving letter from fifteen-year-old Katya Susanina: “Yes, dad, I am a slave of a German baron, I work as a laundress for the German Charlene, I wash clothes, wash floors. I work a lot, and I eat twice a day in a trough with Rosa and Clara - that's the name of the master's pigs. So ordered the baron.
Few survived this kind of treatment.
Liberated children, prisoners of the Auschwitz concentration camp (Auschwitz) show camp numbers tattooed on their arms. Source of information about the photo: http://1. www.gettyimages.com
Fascist furnaces burned
Whipped fascist whips,
Children screamed and cried
Through tears calling mothers ...
T. V. Balakina.
After distribution or purchase, the children ended up in camps. The camps, as a rule, were located several kilometers from the factories where the prisoners were driven to work. In the camp, photographs were again taken and a number was assigned to replace the name. They called the prisoners by numbers, and all the documents had numbers. So they were forced to give up names; there was only an empty "396", "61827", "36456" ... Everyone was numbered, even infants. From the memoirs of Auschwitz prisoner Adamova Nadezhda Antonovna: “In the waiting room, everyone had to go through the painful procedure of punching out a number on their hand. When they took me to the bathhouse and the ink began to blur, I screamed: “Oh, mom, the numbers will wash off and they will hurt me again!” Don't flush. And so it has remained to this day."
People were dressed in striped robes (for all seasons), instead of shoes they were given hollowed out wooden blocks. As Sergei Ilyich Vasyoshenkov recalls, these wooden shoes rattled too much on the pavement when they went to work in the morning. Because of this, German women scolded the prisoners from the windows.
The sign “OST” was sewn onto the clothes, meaning that the prisoner was a person from the east, worthy only of humiliation and contempt.
After arriving at the camp, the children were separated from their mothers; those who resisted were beaten with whips. For the Nazis, young children were something like an undesirable addition to the labor force (they were forced to work on an equal basis with adults from the age of 13-15). One of the prisoners recalls that the children could only see their mothers during a training alarm: the lights were turned off, and the kids ran to the voices of their mothers. Those who did not have time to return were put in a punishment cell.
The prisoners lived in cold barracks, which sometimes housed up to 2,000 people. Separate barracks were for "bandits", i.e., partisans. People lay on two- or three-tiered wooden bunks, often together on the same bed. There were all the diseases that raged under the conditions of a system of cruel exploitation, hunger and torture. It is clear that without the availability of medicines and medical care, thousands of prisoners died slowly and painfully. Lice and bedbugs swarmed between the planks of the bunk beds, and the whole body itched from the bites. The Nazis were very afraid of diseases and lice and therefore demanded cleanliness of the body. Many prisoners recalled with horror the so-called "baths", where they were often "roasted" until they lost consciousness. Here is what Tamara Popova said: “But I had to go there twice a day when these “washings” were performed. Once for yourself, and the second, when you rest a little, for your sister. She was much weaker than me and could not stand it. Mom said to me more than once in praise: “You, Tamara, we have an iron one.”
The prisoners were fed once or twice a day, and even then it cannot be called food. In the evening there was swede soup, in the morning boiling water and 150 grams of bread for children and 250 grams for adults. This is at best; some camps provided only 50 grams of bread per person. The bread had some additives in its composition and was prepared poorly. Many people remember that bone meal and even sawdust were added to bread.
Gerasimova Stasya Afanasievna recalls: “... in our youth we composed a ditty:
Balanda yes balanda,
Not even cabbage
Only swede and water
And my stomach is empty."
Starving children mistook the sweet smell coming from the crematoria for the smell of baking bread.
In order not to die of hunger, the children had to make their way under the barbed wire and go to the city to beg. Thus, older children saved their younger brothers and sisters from starvation:
Death is near - at the gate,
And the barrel looks straight into the soul,
But again crawling into the darkness
A boy, seven-year-old Yura.
He silently takes what they give
Inhaling the warmth of the threshold.
He knew that if served,
That is not served for the sake of God.
He is in the camp, as on the scaffold,
Will return to the backyard again.
A piece of lard will bring
Hungry little sisters.
Golodyaevskaya Ludmila Mikhailovna
We knew that we would not die in bed,
And therefore - contrary to fate -
We wanted to live so irresistibly,
How, perhaps, they did not want to until now.
Yuri Belash.
“I woke up only in 1945, when the camp was liberated by the troops of the First Belorussian and First Ukrainian Fronts. Something close and dear, long forgotten, breathed into me when the overgrown uncle lifted my thin body, pressed it to my tunic and cried, saying something in my native Belarusian language ... ”, Nadezhda Antonovna Adamova recalls.
However, upon arrival at home, the now former prisoners were forced to undergo various checks and interrogations at the KGB for cooperation with the Nazis. “The contempt that we experienced when we arrived at our homeland is no less difficult and insulting than all the bullying of the enemy ...,” said Nina Bocharova. Former prisoners were not hired, there was a real danger of starving to death in peacetime. Oksana Grebenkova recalls that she got a job in a cutting shop only thanks to a man who accidentally saw her crying near the bulletin board.
So, it is hard to remember the events of the Great Patriotic War, even after almost 60 years. More than one generation of people has grown up, and on the site of the former camp barracks, solid modern houses have risen, already trampling the memory of the past with their very appearance. So maybe it's better for all of us not to think about those gloomy pages under a pile of today's worries and troubles? Probably many have done just that. And no one will judge them for it. And yet the memory of a whole generation, already imprinted in abundance by numerous newspapers and magazines, "you won't strangle it, you won't kill it." It requires more and more rethinking.
***
Blow after blow in the temples is given,
The blood in the veins pulsates to the beat;
Only he manages to live another day,
Who was able to crawl into his barracks.
You endured the hunger and survived the cold
Through the mud, humiliation passed.
So God bless you!
And let me head
Bow down to the ground.
S. Maltsev,
To Shalobaeva
April 11 is annually celebrated as a day of memory and sorrow for the prisoners of fascist concentration camps. This summary is designed to study the material both in individual and group form, which allows successful study of the topic.
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Methodological development on the topic: "Day of Remembrance for Prisoners of Nazi Concentration Camps"
Goals:
- instilling in students a sense of respect and gratitude for the participants in the Great Patriotic War, former juvenile prisoners of concentration camps;
Development of national self-consciousness, the desire for mutual understanding between people of different communities, a tolerant attitude towards manifestations of other cultures;
Improvement of oral speech.
Tasks:
To form in the younger generation an active life position, patriotic consciousness;
To increase the interest of students in the historical past of the country;
To acquaint students with the ideology and manifestation of fascism during the Great Patriotic War;
To expand and deepen students' knowledge of the history and literature of the country and native land;
To form the ability to conduct research work with historical documents and works of art;
Awaken a sense of pride in their countrymen;
To cultivate respect for the history and literature of the country and native land;
To form the ability to analyze the information of the former prisoner of the concentration camp, one of the last witnesses of the war Suzdal Maria Vasilievna;
To develop in students a negative attitude towards the ideology of fascism.
Form: literary and musical composition
Board decoration: posters “For the fallen - honor, for the living - a warning”;
“We must bow to the ground to our Soviet man. Everywhere and everywhere he did everything in his power to hasten the hour of victory over fascism. G.K. Zhukov.
Equipment:
Collections of songs about the war
Illustrations and reproductions of paintings
Computer
Projector
Slideshow screen
Students must:
Know:
Basic historical facts;
Texts of artistic works;
Local history material on the topic;
Lyrics.
Be able to:
Based on historical facts, prepare a report on the topic;
Based on the text of a work of art, prepare a message on the topic;
Analyze, compare the facts and events of the Great Patriotic War from the history of the village, district, republic, country.
Teacher's word:
(Slide 1) Starting from 1933, concentration camps, "death camps", "death factories" appeared in Nazi Germany.
Video resource, audio resource.The song of Muslim Magomayev "Buchenwald alarm" sounds.
During World War II, camps were also created in Eastern Europe, mainly in Poland, as well as in the Baltic countries, Belarus, and other occupied territories. The camps were created for the mass extermination of European Jews, and later on other, as Hitler believed, "inferior" peoples (Slide 2).
The first Nazi concentration camp - Dachau. A reliable security system left no chance for the prisoners. It was almost impossible to escape (Slide 3).
Barracks - uncomplicated 3-tiered beds. For a not perfectly made bed (for a small fold) one could get alone, well, or at least be beaten (Slide 4).
The entrance to the "shower room" of Brausebad is a well-known deception, specially invented by "humane" fascists, in order to avoid fear and panic before death. They were invited to wash in a special chamber, and you yourself know what happened next (Slide 5).
This is a model of a gas chamber, or "shower room" (Slide 6).
It was built towards the end of the war, again due to lack of space. Above, as promised in the name "brausebad", shower heads - from which water has never flowed ... It is very difficult to describe in words those feelings when you enter this room (Slide 7).
People were led to the gas chambers naked, their clothes were intended for those who could still work.
Demonstration executions are a common thing in a concentration camp
"Prison Guard" M. Jalil
He walks around guarding my prison.
Two letters "E" glitter on the sleeves.
It's like a nail hammers in my heart
His heavy steady step
Under this look, everything around was quiet -
Pupils do not miss anything.
The earth seems to groan under him,
And the sun turned away from him.
He's always there, scary freak
Henchman of death, hire barbarism,
The guard of slavery walks at the gate,
Lattices and bolts guards.
The dying breath of a human is his food,
He wants to drink - he drinks blood and tears,
The hearts of the unfortunate prisoners are pecking, -
The vulture only lives by this.
When I knew how many people
Died in the dirty paws of the executioner,
The earth would never lift him,
Deprived the sun of its beam (Slide 8)
The Buchenwald camp was noted for particular cruelty towards the prisoners, it was called the death camp (Slide 9).
Salaspils is a camp near Riga. During the war years, about 100 thousand people were exterminated in it. Hitler's words are well known: "I will simply take measures to systematically stop the natural growth of this population" (meaning the peoples that are undesirable for the Germans). This statement reveals the true purpose of killing children in the occupied territories.
During the occupation of Latvia in the fascist
Salaspils concentration camp was forcibly taken from Soviet children
blood. To a child who is weak and unable to give it,
so that the ominous, but acutely scarce
blood conveyor, - under the guise of porridge they offered a spoonful of poison ...
The student reads the poem:
From the guide's explanation
... And transparent, quivering and thin,
Like potato sprouts in spring,
Children's hands turned white,
Baby tufts arose.
Mouths screamed - and in every word,
In the rustle of broken phrases
It was heard: “Return the blood to us. blood,
The one that the doctor pumped out of us! .. "
Doctor, both caring and dexterous,
I managed to work for three:
Syringe sticking, stroking the head,
Weak - porridge with a spoon gave.
We went to the barracks tasted porridge,
And then on the clay floor
Yanises, Volodya and Natasha
They died crouched in a corner.
And again, huge and bottomless,
Coming to the camp empty,
Departed, gurgling, cans
With the blood of a child, as if with milk.
The special ship set sail from the pier,
The loaded plane took off...
Children's graves of Salaspils,
How many of you? Nobody counted.
I will stand silently - as if to the headboard,
Feeling with brutal simplicity:
The blood of children cannot be washed away even with blood,
Even punishment, terrible and holy!
(Slide 10)
Every year on April 11, the International Day for the Liberation of Prisoners of Nazi Concentration Camps is celebrated. This is the Day of Sorrow for the 12 million people who were killed there.
This memorable date is celebrated by the decision of the UN on April 11, because it was on this day that the prisoners of the fascist concentration camp Buchenwald, having learned about the approach of the allied troops, raised an armed uprising in the camp. They captured the camp, breaking the guards, and thereby saved themselves from the destruction that the Nazi authorities were preparing for them. On April 19, 1945, at a funeral meeting in honor of those killed during the uprising, former prisoners of the Buchenwald concentration camp vowed to continue the merciless fight against fascism. In April 1945, the Allied troops, in addition to the Buchenwald and Dora camps, liberated the prisoners of the Sachsenhausen (April 22), Dachau (April 29) and Ravensbrück (April 30) camps. Since then, April 11 has been celebrated all over the world as the International Day for the Liberation of Nazi Camp Prisoners.
Literary and musical composition
“Dedicated to the prisoners of fascist concentration camps!”
(dance with candles song "Holy War")
Host: We remember June 22, 1941 as one of the most tragic days in the history of our country. On this day, Nazi Germany attacked our Motherland. Mortal danger hung over the country. During the 1418 days of the war, a huge number of people suffered.
Memory, memory
You are sometimes anxious
You hit on the nerves, sliding wildly,
It's impossible to forget this
Because you can't forget!
Leading : Any war is blood and tears, grief and suffering, death and twisted destinies. And also - these are the horrors of hell that people who were captured had to experience.
Host: Captivity is an inevitable consequence of any war, a tragedy of many millions of people subjected to physical and moral humiliation and violence. Today we will slightly open one of the terrible pages of the Second World War and talk about the prisoners of the fascist concentration camps.
People!
As long as the heart
knocking -
remember!
At what cost
happiness won,
please,
remember!
slide 6
Leading: For the maintenance of prisoners of war, the leadership of Germany built a whole network of such camps. They were created both on the territory of Germany itself and on the lands of other states seized by the Nazis.
Death camps were created with the direct goal of exterminating people. In the strictest confidence, a monstrous plan for the extermination of more than 30 million Slavs was developed in the German offices. And already in the first months of the war, the Nazis began the physical destruction of the Slavic peoples.
Slide 7
Host: In special death camps, the liquidation of prisoners proceeded at a continuous and accelerated pace. Such camps were designed and built not as places of detention, but as death factories. It was assumed that people doomed to death were supposed to spend just a few hours in them. In such camps, a well-functioning conveyor was built, which destroyed up to several thousand people a day. In total, more than 14,000 concentration camps operated on the territory of Germany and the countries occupied by it.
This is where the death camp was erected:
Prickly endless fence.
In the gray barracks - martyrs groan.
Through the night - into the eyes - the spotlight hits point-blank...
Leading: Auschwitz camp in Polanddesigned specifically for the mass destruction of people. This camp also had a German name - Auschwitz. New prisoners arrived daily by train to Auschwitz from all over occupied Europe. The arrivals were divided into four groups.
The first group, which accounted for about ¾ of all those brought, went to the gas chambers. This group included everyone who was deemed unfit for work, primarily children, the elderly, and women.
The second group of prisoners was sent to slave labor in the industrial enterprises of various companies. From 1940 to 1945, about 405 thousand prisoners were assigned to factories in the Auschwitz complex. Of these, more than 340 thousand died from diseases and beatings.
The third group, mostly twins and dwarfs, went on various medical experiments.
The fourth group, mostly women, were selected for personal use by the Germans as servants and personal slaves.
Moderator: The labor of the prisoners was used in various enterprises. Auschwitz had 4 gas chambers and 4 crematoria. The average number of corpses burned in 24 hours was 3,000 people. It also carried out various experiments to find means of biological destruction of people. To achieve this goal, special hospitals, surgical units, and laboratories were created. Over 4 million people of 27 nationalities were exterminated in Auschwitz.
Host: Rotten vegetables were the basis of the prisoners' diet. The prisoners suffered from diarrhea and lack of calories. On average, people lasted about three months on such a diet. The prisoners did not wear underwear or socks. Prisoners were allowed to use the toilet twice a day. No more than thirty seconds were allowed for using the toilet and no more than thirty seconds for hygiene procedures. When on January 27, 1945, Soviet soldiers occupied Auschwitz, they found about 7.5 thousand prisoners there, who they did not have time to take away. In memory of the victims of the camp in 1947, Poland created a museum on the grounds of Auschwitz.
"Doubt"
The heart is beating with some kind of anxiety,
Like he wants to say something
To dispel those thoughts that may
Shoot me tomorrow morning.
You want to live! Youth, where are you?
Will you return to the slave, life?
I can't find an answer
An eerie thought comes to mind.
And I can't fight her.
No, my hope is dead
And the dream of freedom beloved
A sweet dream flashed through my head ...
Leading: Buchenwald German fascist camp. Created in 1937 in was in Germanyaround the city of Weimar.Translated from German, the word Buchenwald means "beech forest". But it was one of the scariest places. On all sides, the camp was surrounded by a stone wall 3 meters high and 1 meter wide and entangled with barbed wire, through which a current of 550 volts passed. At the corners of the walls were towers with machine-gun crew. There were 67 barracks in the camp, designed for 160-171 people, but they housed thousands. There are numerous documents proving the inhuman cruelty of the Nazis over the prisoners in the concentration camp. An entire system was created to exterminate people in Buchenwald. A large column of prisoners could be passed through a bunker in the form of a tunnel, from where none of them returned: they were all shot. In a cunning house resembling a medical center, people were met by a doctor. The prisoners of war undressed, walked under the stadiometer. When the bar fell to his head, a shot rang out. There is a lot of evidence that German doctors performed forbidden experiments on prisoners of war, tested new drugs without putting them to sleep, performed various operations, pumped out blood for the needs of the front. The commandant of the camp, "a sadist in black gloves" Gerhard Martin Sommer, terribly mocked the prisoners. The commandant personally killed 170 people. He beat people to death, injected them with poison, tied them to hot stoves, sent them to die of hunger and thirst. His wife Ilse Koch was also cruel. Her main occupation was collecting. And in her collection she collected nothing more than patches of human skin with intricate tattoos. To please the commandant's wife, the SS doctors, during examination, paid special attention to the skin of the prisoners. Hundreds of patches of tattooed skin were collected by Ilsa, hundreds of people because of this passion of hers were shot and burned. From separate pieces for Frau Koch they made lampshades and handbags.For 8 years, about 239 thousand people were prisoners of Buchenwald. About 10 thousand prisoners were executed, including almost 8.5 thousand Soviet prisoners of war. In total, 56 thousand prisoners of 18 nationalities were tortured in Buchenwald. On April 11, 1945, in the conditions of the defeat of the Nazi troops in World War II, the prisoners of Buchenwald raised an uprising, as a result of which the camp was liquidated by the rebels. This day became known as the International Day for the Liberation of Concentration Camp Prisoners..
(video song Buchenvalsky alarm)
Host: Majdanek is a concentration camp near the Polish city of Lublin. It was called the "factory of death". People doomed to death were brought here from all countries of occupied Europe. The camp is spread over an area of 25 sq. km. Everything here was adapted for the mass murder of citizens: gas chambers, crematoria, moats for executions, gallows. From the high chimney of the crematorium in the camp, black smoke poured around the clock. Five furnaces (they were called "furnaces of the devil") burned 1400 corpses per day. About 1.5 million people were exterminated in this camp. “When the wind blew from Majdanek, the inhabitants of Lublin locked their windows. The wind brought a putrid smell into the city. It was impossible to breathe. It was impossible to eat. It was impossible to live. "The Germans wanted the Pole to breathe the smell of death every day - horror pacifies obstinate souls. The whole of Lublin knew about the death factory. The whole city knew that Russian prisoners of war and imprisoned Poles from the Lublin Castle were being shot in the Krembetsky forest. Everyone saw the transports of the doomed coming from all over Europe here to the camp Everyone knew what fate awaited them: the gas chamber or the oven.
Auschwitz, Buchenwald and Auschwitz,
Mauthausen in the same row...
Who fell into the clutches of the devil, to the Germans -
I've been in hell, to say the least...
Leading: Mauthausen Created in July 1938, 4 kilometers from the city of Mauthausen (Austria) as a branch of the Dachau camp. Since March 1939 it has been an independent camp. In 1938-1945 there were about 335 thousand people from many countries in Mauthausen; only according to the surviving records, more than 122 thousand people were brutally destroyed in the camp. An underground resistance organization operated in Mauthausen, which raised an uprising on May 5, 1945. In this camp in February 1945, General Dmitry Mikhailovich Karbyshev was brutally tortured.
“... On February 17, 1945, at 12 noon, Dmitry Mikhailovich Karbyshev was brought to Mauthausen with another thousand doomed. He was selected into a special group and subjected to a sadistic sophisticated execution. Not with a noose and not with gas, not with fire, but with water. The prisoners were ordered to strip naked. With a twelve-degree frost, in a fierce wind, they were kept for several hours in the square. For many, such an execution was unbearable. They stiffened, fell lifeless. The rest were pushed into the bathhouse under a hot shower. From there - back to the square, under the aimed hoses - a chilling shower "Charcot" in the cold. And again the survivors in the bath. And from there again - to the square. Then, few eyewitnesses told how ... naked people rushed around the ice rink, sparkling with all the colors of the spectrum - from red to purple ... hoses ... The SS men neighed, neighed, knocking down those who were still trying to get up with the pressure of water. One by one, people turned into ice sculptures. And among them one gray-haired man, resting against a stone wall. He was chained to the wall with an ice chain, and his sharp and cold beaks tormented his body withered by flour ... This man screamed! No, he did not curse the executioners! He spoke to the survivors! In his last unbroken pride, in his last words, he was with those who remained on earth: - Cheer up, comrades! Think about your Motherland, and courage will not leave you!. This old man, slowly and inexorably turning into an ice monument, was Dmitry Karbyshev! Soviet general.
If I have to give up my life
In a country unloved, cursed, alien
In a wild concentration camp with animal order,
If I die young in captivity,
And the cruel Germans will pick up my corpse,
to burn and scatter my ashes,
And you, dear relatives,
Do not touch my lips.
Then rise and proudly and boldly,
Sparing neither life nor strength,
And sing a song about a just cause,
The formidable last going into battle.
Host: Because of the separate keeping of children and bullying, the Salaspils camp has also become notorious. It was not an extermination camp, like Majdanek or Auschwitz, but people were sent to it for only one purpose - to die a painful death there. Salaspils was located on the territory of Latvia and existed from October 1941 until the end of the summer of 1944. It contained Soviet prisoners of war, as well as Jews from the Czech Republic, Austria and Germany. “Salaspils concentration camp was located 17 km from Riga. It destroyed 100 thousand people, including 7 thousand children. They were brought here mainly in the winter of 1943, when the Nazis conducted a punitive expedition in the partisan regions of Belarus. All of them - both one-year-olds and ten-year-olds - regularly took blood. Five boxes with ampoules of children's blood were supplied daily to the army by the camp. By spring, the children—the ones that didn't die—were so exhausted that they no longer had any real value.
According to testimonies, more than 100 thousand people were killed in the camp, about 3 thousand children under the age of 5 years. The testimonies of eyewitnesses reveal the terrible reality of the life of unfortunate children in Salaspils and the true causes of their mass death.
"... When children were driven behind the triple wire fence of the concentration camp, a painful existence began for them, saturated to the limit with severe mental and physical torture and bullying by the Germans. Children, starting from infancy, were kept by the Nazis separately and strictly isolated from adults. In the barracks, they were in the state of small animals, deprived of even primitive care.Babies were looked after by 5-7 year old girls.Dirt, lice, outbreaks of measles, dysentery, diphtheria led to mass death of babies.Continuous infant mortality was also caused by experiments that were carried out "SS doctors. For them, children were experimental material. Killers in white coats gave them injections - they injected various liquids, forced them to take various drugs inside, took blood. German guards daily in large baskets took out from the children's barracks the stiff corpses of children who had died a painful death. They dumped go into cesspools, were burned outside the camp fence and partially buried in the forest.
Musa Jalil's poem "Barbarians".
They drove the mothers with the children
And they forced to dig a hole, and they themselves
They stood, a bunch of savages
Lined up at the edge of the abyss
Powerless women, thin guys.
Came drunk major and copper eyes
Drenched the doomed ... muddy rain
Buzzed in the foliage of neighboring groves
And in the fields, dressed in mist,
And the clouds descended over the earth,
Chasing each other with rage...
No, I won't forget this day
I will never forget, forever
I saw rivers crying like children,
And mother earth wept in rage.
I saw with my own eyes,
Like the sun, mournful, washed with tears,
Through the cloud went out to the fields,
Kissed the children for the last time
Last time…
Noisy autumn forest. It seemed like now
He was distraught, raging angrily
Its foliage. Darkness thickened around.
I have heard; a powerful oak fell suddenly,
He fell, letting out a heavy sigh.
The children were suddenly frightened,
Cling to their mothers, clinging to skirts,
And a sharp sound was heard from the shot,
Breaking the curse
What escaped from a woman alone.
Child, sick little boy,
He hid his head in the folds of the dress
Not yet an old woman. She
I looked full of horror.
How not to lose her mind!
I understood everything, the little one understood everything.
Hide, mommy, me! Do not die! -
He cries and, like a leaf, cannot hold back the trembling.
Child, which is dearest to her,
Bending down, she raised her mother with both hands,
Pressed to the heart, against the barrel straight ...
I, mother, want to live. Don't, mom!
Let me go, let me go, what are you waiting for? -
And the child wants to escape from the hands,
And it pierces the heart like a knife.
Don't be afraid, my boy. Now you can breathe freely
Close your eyes but don't hide your head
So that the executioner does not bury you alive.
Be patient, son, be patient. Now it won't hurt
And he closed his eyes. And reddened the blood
On the neck with a red ribbon wriggling.
Two lives and one love
Thunder boomed. The wind whistled through the clouds.
The earth wept in deaf anguish.
Oh, how many tears, hot and combustible
My land, tell me what's wrong with you!
You often saw human grief,
You bloomed for us for millions of years,
But have you ever experienced
Such a shame and barbarism?
My country, enemies threaten you,
But raise the banner of great truth higher,
Wash his lands with bloody tears,
And let its rays pierce
Let them destroy mercilessly
Those barbarians, those savages,
That the blood of children is swallowed greedily,
The blood of our mothers...
Host: On August 25, 1944, the well-known Tatar poet Musa Jalil also died at the hands of the executioners in the Pletzensee concentration camp. Breaking out of the encirclement, he, wounded and shell-shocked, was taken prisoner, where he began to wander around different camps. Finally, Jalil and other prisoners of war of Tatar and Bashkir nationality were brought to the Demblik fortress. Here the Nazis wanted to form "national legions" of them and send them to fight on the eastern front against their own homeland. Musa Jalil headed one of the underground groups there and did everything possible so that the plans of the Nazis did not come true. In August 1943, the underground poet was arrested, and a year later he was executed. But his poems remained, in which faith in victory over fascism sounds.
before the court.
We were taken out - and the execution will come soon.
In the wasteland we were lined up by a convoy ...
And not to be a witness to shame,
Suddenly the sun disappeared behind the mountain.
The thick grass is not wet from the dew,
That, right, are the tears of the mournful land.
Violent reprisals not wanting to see,
Forests in the swirling fog are gone.
So cold! But felt the legs
The breath of the earth that went from below;
Earth, like a mother, for my life in anxiety
Gave me a familiar warmth.
Earth, do not be afraid: my heart is calm,
I feel your warmth, I keep it.
Having repeated the native name, like a warrior,
I will die here for my country.
Let the executioners with bloody eyes
Now their axes are being brought in,
We know that the truth is still behind us,
Enemies are fierce only for the time being.
The day will come, the day of the triumph of freedom will come,
The sword of justice will punish them.
Severe will be the judgment of the people,
It will include my last verse
Host: A huge number of people suffered during the Second World War. Among the victims were people of various nationalities - this and
Russians and Poles, Frenchmen and Gypsies, Jews and Ukrainians and many other peoples. But only Jews and Gypsies were killed for their nationality. Thus, as a result of purposeful and systematic extermination, over 6 million Jews were deprived of their lives in Europe. Until now, the number of this people cannot return to the level of 1939-1940.
Host: In the most striking way, the Nazis coexisted with brutality and pedantic accuracy. They didn't miss anything. Soap was made from human fat, the remains of the bones were ground, turning into fertilizers, the ashes were scattered in the fields, human hair went into industry. Moderator: The events and facts of the history of the death camps are only a background for understanding where, when and in what conditions people ended up due to tragic circumstances. Their names and fates are mostly unknown. But they were all soldiers and participants in that terrible war, taking away the great gift given to the living- a life.
Host: A war that takes lives not from disease, but on the orders of another person. The war, which made it possible to create furnaces not for heating from the cold, but for the destruction of a person, big or small, old or young, healthy or infirm.
Presenter: The release of the prisoners was brought by Soviet soldiers. And on the site of many concentration camps, memorials of memory were created so that no one in the world would dare to forget the horrors of World War II.
Legions will fall under the blow of enemies,
My country will be reborn.
Guys! Then summarize
Suffering and our victories,
Don't be so hard on unknown heroes.
After all, many had to die.
You keep the holy memory of them,
Remember their names
And in the song of the fallen fighters remember
When the whole country sings.
(dance song "Cranes")
Metronome moment of silence.
Class hour for high school students. Abstract "Death Camp", dedicated to the memory of the prisoners of Auschwitz
Description: This class hour, dedicated to the liberation of the prisoners of the Auschwitz death camp, is designed for students in grades 10-11. The work can be used by class teachers for class hours, conversations dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War.Target:
Introduce students to the history of the Auschwitz concentration camp.
Tasks:
- Expand students' understanding of the Great Patriotic War;
- To form students' interest in the history of the country;
- Raise a sense of compassion for the memory of the victims of the Nazis.
Equipment:
- Computer;
- Multimedia projector.
The music of Johann Sebastian Bach sounds, composition: Sarabande
Student 1:(slide 1;2)
No matter how many years and centuries have passed,
Will remember the people and the land
Camps, where a painful death,
People died, cursing the Nazis.
Women, children, soldiers died,
Leaving only mountains of bones
Yes, pajamas, striped pants,
What were lying around the chambers - stoves
Well, those who waited for victory
They still don't believe
That fears are gone forever - troubles,
They still curse the war.
Still dreaming at night
Hunger, cold, sickness and death,
The camp number remained forever,
Time won't erase it...
Nadezhda Gorlanova
Classroom teacher:(slide 3, 4)
Under the Polish city of Krakow is a place that will not leave anyone indifferent. Here is the largest camp founded by the Germans - the Auschwitz death camp. The camp complex consisted of three camps: Auschwitz I (served as the main center of the entire complex), Auschwitz II (also known as Birkenau, "death camp"), Auschwitz III (a group of several small camps created around a common complex). Every day for those living in the camp was in the struggle for survival.
It was impossible for the prisoners to escape from there, since the entire territory was surrounded by live barbed wire and watchtowers. An attempt to escape was punishable by death. This is one of the most terrible places on earth... Today, on the eve of the celebration of the 70th anniversary of the Victory over fascism, let's take a short tour of the camp and remember what events took place there...
Student 2:(slide 5)
The attitude towards the prisoners was inhuman. It was impossible to maintain basic hygiene without soap and water. Only occasionally were given a limited amount of time to wash. The prisoners were allowed to go to the toilet twice a day for a few seconds. The prisoners were not fed for a long time, they ate bark and grass. It used to be that the Nazis had fun, arranged "races", when in different parts of the camp they threw rutabaga to the prisoners, people rushed to the vegetable, crushing each other. The prisoners slept on three-story bunk beds covered with straw. In such unsanitary conditions, people often fell ill with various infectious diseases.
Student 3:(slide 6)
Concentration camps were considered conveyors of death. Here, the work of crematoria and gas chambers did not stop for a minute. Every day new prisoners arrived in the camps. They were examined by doctors and divided into able-bodied and disabled. Weak and sick people, children, old people were sent to the gas chambers so that there was no panic they were told that they were taking them to the bathhouse. In the gas chambers they were poisoned with Cyclone gas, 15-20 minutes were enough to kill people. After that, all valuables, good things were removed from the bodies, teeth were pulled out, women's hair was cut off. The bodies were then sent to the ovens.
Pupil 4(slide 7)
Forced labor was carried out in the camps. On the gates of the camp is written "Arbeitmachtfrei", which means "work sets you free" in German. People worked day and night, in frost and sun, worked with shovels and crowbars. The prisoners were involved in the construction of roads, new barracks, warehouses. Many worked in metallurgical plants. Tens of thousands of prisoners were involved in the construction of a military chemical plant and a military plant for fuses and fuses for bombs and shells near Auschwitz. In agricultural work, prisoners used to be harnessed to plows instead of horses. In the process of work, people were severely beaten. Those who could not cope with the work were waiting for the crematorium.
Student 5:(slide 8)
There were many children and pregnant women in Auschwitz. Many women in labor were taken away after the birth of the child and drowned in metal barrels, then the bodies were thrown out to be eaten by rats. Fair-haired and blue-eyed children were selected and sent to Germany. Children from 8 to 16 years old, those who were not sent to the gas chambers, were forced by the Nazis to do physical labor along with adults. Experiments were conducted on children, as well as on adults, they were tested with lethal doses of tranquilizers. German doctors selected twins for medical experiments.
Few of the children managed to survive in such brutal conditions.
Pupil 6: (slide 9)
In Auschwitz, medical experiments and experiments were widely practiced. The latest drugs were tested. The effects of chemicals on the human body were studied. Prisoners were experimented on, infected with such dangerous diseases as malaria, hepatitis, typhoid and jaundice. Nazi doctors performed surgery on healthy people as a training exercise. One of the common operations was the castration of men and the sterilization of women. Few of the experimental prisoners survived.
Classroom teacher:(slide 10; 11)
On January 27, 1945, the Soviet army liberated the Auschwitz concentration camp from the Nazis, where thousands of prisoners were waiting for release. This day is considered the Day of Remembrance for the Victims of the Concentration Camps.
After the war, the Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum was opened in the camps. On the commemorative plate it is written: “Let this place be a cry of despair and a warning for mankind for centuries ...” This place is a reminder of the most terrible crime against humanity. It is our duty to remember the history of our country so that those terrible events never happen again.
Our class hour, I want to end with lines from a poem by Evgeny Poniatovsky
Auschwitz.
Silence reigned over Auschwitz for half a century.
She is louder than any alarm.
Flowers bloom where once
Hundreds of dead human bodies lay in a heap...
Let's forget about them
Unknown, and not guilty of anything? ...
Presentation on the topic: Class hour "Death Camp", dedicated to the memory of the prisoners of Auschwitz
Leading: Dear friends, today is April 11, 2014 - a memorable date is celebrated all over the world - the International Day for the Liberation of Prisoners of Nazi Concentration Camps. Concentration camps are places of detention of large masses of people placed there on political, social, racial, religious and other grounds.
Bochegov A. They put you in a bag
Tied up under an evil laugh.
Queuing up your body
To grind it into powder.
The mill grinds people's lives -
Bags of bones pile up.
Her millstone is of iron,
Every day they are more and more fierce.
The miller is angry, drunk on blood:
Not flour - blood flows from wounds.
Greedily drinks her cursed bug -
Possessed, blind tyrant.
Leading: Concentration camps became widespread during the Second World War and were located both in Nazi Germany itself and in the territories it occupied. On March 22, 1933, the first concentration camp in Nazi Germany began to operate in Dachau, and in subsequent years the Nazis created a huge network of these camps, turned into places for the organized systematic murder of millions of people.
Kaganov N. Bondage, imprisonment, prison:
What is day, what is night - there is no difference.
They try to drive me crazy
Kill in me the desire for light.
The stone bag squeezed the breath,
Coughing, weak gait.
I go to the door, and there is a lock,
I look out the window, and there is a lattice.
And every morning the gallows waits.
The soul is silent, yearning.
And joy lives only in deep sleep,
And now I live only in dreams.
Leading: In total, more than 14 thousand concentration camps operated on the territory of Germany and the countries occupied by it. According to the SS men themselves, the prisoner, whose life expectancy in the camp was less than a year, brought the Nazis almost one and a half thousand Reichsmarks of net profit. During the years of World War II, 18 million people passed through the death camps, of which about 5 million were citizens of the Soviet Union. Only in the occupied territory of the Soviet Union, the fascist invaders shot, strangled in gas chambers, burned, and hanged 1.7 million. people (including 600 thousand children). "Russia must be liquidated," Hitler announced at a meeting at his headquarters. Every German officer carried a little book containing "12 commandments in dealing with Russians" which said: "You must be aware that you are the representative of great Germany. In the interests of the German people you must apply the most cruel and most ruthless measures. Kill everyone Don't stop if there's an old person in front of you, a woman, a boy or a girl."
Poryakova D. How to explain to children: five million
Disappeared in the dungeons... forever...
Tortured, poisoned by the "Cyclone",
Shot, hanged, burned?
No one saw tears, no one heard groans,
The whole world was indifferent, as always.
Leading: All prisoners of the concentration camps were required to wear distinctive signs on their clothes, including a serial number and a colored triangle ("winkel") on the left side of the chest and right knee. (In Auschwitz, the serial number was tattooed on the left forearm.) All political prisoners wore a red triangle, criminals green, "unreliable" black, gypsies brown.
In addition to the classification triangle, the Jews also wore yellow, as well as a six-pointed "Star of David". A Jew who violated racial laws was required to wear a black border around a green or yellow triangle. Prisoners who participated in or were suspected of escaping were required to wear a red and white target on their chest and back.
Mazurkevich A. Five million ... It's scary for us to imagine
Into what abyss they were pushed prostrate.
Five million - completely erased faces,
Five million - a whole world behind each.
Five million with the future parted
Looks faded, the moons set,
Five million hearts broke
Five million strings resounded.
And how many unaccomplished discoveries,
Talents?.. Who knows their number?
Five million broken threads
Five million seedlings died.
How to explain "Five million" to children?
By population - a whole country,
Five million days - millennia
Five million lives - whose fault?
How did it happen: decades have passed,
And through rivers of blood, sea of tears
Here, then on the other side of the planet
Scum deny the Holocaust?
How to explain five million to children? ..
Leading: The main concentration camp of the Nazi Reich was Sachsenhausen; here was the administration of all concentration camps, as well as a training center for the SS guards of all other camps.
Sachsenhausen was established in the Oranienburg region 30 km north of Berlin in the summer of 1936, when the II Olympic Games were held in Berlin itself. In September-November 1941, one after another, transports with Soviet prisoners of war began to arrive in Sachsenhausen. Half-dead people sat and stood in a freight car, pressed close to each other; among them were those who died on the way. The arrivals were sent to the "production" yard, where they were shot to the howl of powerful radio waves. Often the prisoners were forced to sing Russian folk songs in chorus.
Then, in the autumn of 1941, an unprecedented mass extermination of Soviet prisoners of war was carried out in Sachsenhausen - a one-time execution of 18,000 soldiers and officers brought from the eastern front. They were killed one by one with shots to the back of the head. This, which had no analogues in military history, the cynical murder of prisoners of war, the SS called "Russian action." The heroes of this action, the SS men, were encouraged by a holiday in Sorrento.
Kulchitskaya K. How long will you live in the world
Former prisoners of concentration camps -
Do not forget them nor the factories of death,
No fascists, which are meaner than animals!
Auschwitz, Buchenwald and Auschwitz,
Mauthausen in the same row...
Who fell into the clutches of the devil, to the Germans -
I went to hell, to put it bluntly.
The whole earth trembled with grief,
The beast and children did not spare!
Mouth monstrous - crematorium
Whatever the day, devoured people.
In the world of horror - torture, mockery,
Burning alive at the stake...
Better wash your skin, girls,
They make gloves out of it!
And the soul was frozen with fear,
The horror of the ghetto will never be eliminated!
How many lives are thrown on the chopping block!
Is it possible to forget this?!
Leading: There were even special death camps, where the liquidation of prisoners went on at a continuous and accelerated pace. These camps were designed and built not as places of detention, but as death factories. It was assumed that in these camps, people doomed to death had to spend literally a few hours. In such camps, a well-functioning conveyor was built, turning several thousand people a day into ashes. These include Majdanek, Auschwitz, Treblinka, Buchenwald, Dachau, Ravensbrück and others. In Auschwitz, for 12,000 prisoners, there was only one washbasin with water that was undrinkable. When it snowed, the prisoners melted it for drinking: in the spring they washed themselves and drank from the puddles.
Everywhere in the barracks one could see rats that ate the corpses and even attacked the dying, who did not have the strength to cope with them. The sick and wounded did not receive any medical care and were doomed to extinction, especially from epidemics of typhus and dysentery.
Millions of people brought from different countries to the Auschwitz concentration camp were subjected to organized robbery in the very first hour of their stay. All things: suitcases, clothes, bedding, down to underwear and shoes, were taken by the SS men to specially built and equipped warehouses and sent to Germany. Part of the able-bodied people who remained in hard labor received prisoner striped clothes instead of their belongings. On the territory of the Auschwitz camp there were 35 special warehouses for sorting and packing things and clothes.
The attitude of the Nazis towards people as material is characterized by the following facts. At the tannery of the Auschwitz camp on March 7, 1945, the commission discovered 293 bales of packaged female hair with a total weight of 7,000 kilograms. An expert commission found that the hair was cut from 140,000 women.
The secret directive of the Office of the SS on the use of women's hair read:
"Secret
Main administrative and economic department of the SS
Concerning: the use of cut hair,
For commandants of concentration camps
On the basis of the report submitted to him, the head of the SS Main Administration and Economic Department ordered that all cut human hair obtained in concentration camps be used appropriately.
Human hair is processed into industrial felt and yarn. Combed and cut women's hair is used to make hair-spun stockings for submarine crews and hair-felt stockings for employees of the imperial railways. Therefore, I order that the hair of imprisoned women, after disinfection, be preserved. The cut hair of male prisoners must be used from 20 mm in length. It is envisaged to use the hair harvested in all the camps by setting up a special production plant in one of the camps. A more precise instruction on the delivery of the collected hair will be given separately. The amount of monthly hair collected must be reported here on the 5th of each month, beginning September 5, 1942.
Glucks, SS Brigadeführer and Major General of the SS Troops, Oranienburg, August 6, 1942.
Kukushkin D. Time threw up a new day -
new burden on my body!
In a circle, in a circle we mournfully wander ...
The walls hung like a gray cliff
thorns twinkle with raindrops of tears
Yes, the pit of the yard .. We are in the back of each other's heads
we walk, we walk, in a circle, in a circle ...
Leading: In the Auschwitz camp there were gas chambers, and crematoria, and surgical departments, and laboratories - all this was intended for the monstrous extermination of people. The Germans called the gas chambers "baths for special purposes." On the front door of this "bath" was written "For disinfection", and on the output - "Entrance to the bath." Thus, people destined for destruction, without suspecting anything, entered the “For disinfection” room, undressed and from there were driven into the “special purpose bath”, that is, into the gas chamber, where they were exterminated by the poisonous substance “cyclone”.
Auschwitz concentration camp prisoners say:
“They open the doors of the wagons and drive people out with whips; Orders are given through a loudspeaker: everyone should hand over things and clothes, even crutches and glasses ... Hand over valuables and money to the window with the inscription: “Jewelry”. Women and girls are directed to the barber, who with two strokes of scissors cuts off their hair, stuffed into potato sacks ... Then the march begins ... There are barbed wire to the right and left, and behind dozens of Nazis with rifles. Men, women, girls, children, babies, legless cripples, all naked, like a mother gave birth, go in a crowd. At the turn, at the entrance to the building, an SS man stands, grinning, and announces affectionately: “Nothing bad will be done to you .. You just have to breathe deeply. It strengthens the lungs. Proper inhalation is essential for disinfection.” They ask him what will happen to women, and he answers that men will, of course, have to work at the construction of roads and houses, and women will not work - they, if they want, will be able to help in the kitchen or around the house ... hope flickers to the soul, enough to continue to trudge without resistance to the gas chambers. But the majority is already beginning to guess what fate awaits them. Terrible, all-pervading, the stench reveals the truth.
They slowly... but all continue to move silently towards the death chamber. Those coming behind press on, the SS men whip the crowd with whips. A woman in her forties curses the leader of the killers and screams that the blood of her children will fall on his head. SS officer Wirth personally hits her five times with a whip in the face, and she disappears into the gas chamber. Many are praying... SS men are pushing people inside.
“Fill to capacity!” Commandant of the camp commands. Naked people step on each other's feet. Seven hundred, eight hundred people... The doors close. The rest of the transport waiting for their turn. They wait naked in the winter. They turn on the gas supply... But the diesel does not work. 50 minutes pass... 70 minutes... And people are standing in the cell. Hear them cry...
Finally, after 2 hours and 49 minutes, the diesel starts to work.
25 minutes pass. Many are already dead - it can be seen through the peephole ... After 28 minutes, some are still alive ... Children are the last to die. After 32 minutes, everyone is dead... On the other side, the workers unlock the doors. The dead stand like basalt pillars - they have nowhere to fall. And after death, families can still be recognized - they are standing, clinging to each other and holding hands tightly. With difficulty, only manages to separate the bodies to make room for the next batch.
From the official report of the camp command:
“... During July 1944, 12 thousand prisoners were killed a day, and since the crematorium could not let such a number of corpses through, they were dumped into deep pits and covered with quicklime ...”
Surviving eyewitnesses said:
“In order to accommodate a larger number of victims in the cells, people were driven with their hands up, and small children were thrown on their heads. The SS man Sepp Gaytrader was a specialist in killing babies, whom he himself grabbed by the legs and killed by hitting his head against a stone fence. According to the testimonies of witnesses, the killing in the cells lasted 15 minutes...”
Usually, from the arriving parties from 1000 to 1500 people, no more than 250 people got into the camp. Also, healthy women 20-30 years old were selected, who were sent to the unit where medical experiments were carried out. The rest were immediately sent to the gas chamber.
Eyewitnesses spoke of how older couples were separated, how mothers were forced to leave their young daughters behind because they were in the camp, while mothers and young children were sent to the gas chamber.
“To defuse the atmosphere of the reception, an orchestra of young, handsome prisoners, dressed in white blouses and blue sailor skirts, played cheerful arias from operettas. The Nazis were afraid of panic, so the arrivals were told that this was a labor camp.”
According to eyewitnesses:“Often at night we woke up from terrible screams, this happened when we saved gas in gas chambers and threw living children into the furnaces of crematory furnaces.”
"Buchenwald alarm" Roman Nemchenko
Leading: The International Tribunal at Nuremberg recognized that the imprisonment of civilians of foreign states, as well as the use of forced labor in the interests of Germany, is not only a war crime. It was qualified as a crime against humanity. Overwork, terrible conditions of detention, beatings, bullying had the most negative impact on the health, life expectancy, and psyche of victims of Nazism.
Fragment "Ordinary fascism"
Poryakova D. Oh, how many tears, hot and combustible!
My land, tell me what's wrong with you?
You often saw human grief,
You bloomed for us for millions of years,
But have you ever experienced
Such a shame and barbarism?
My country, enemies threaten you,
But raise the banner of great truth higher,
Wash his lands with bloody tears,
And let its rays pierce
Let them destroy mercilessly
Those barbarians, those savages,
That the blood of children is swallowed greedily,
The blood of our mothers...
Leading: On this day, we must remember another of the tragedies of the Great Patriotic War - the tragedy of former underage prisoners of fascist concentration camps. Then, in 1941, in violation of the provisions of the Hague Convention of 1907 on the attitude of the belligerents towards children, their lives, health, labor were used in concentration camps, military factories, industrial and agricultural enterprises. Children became hostages, donors, biological raw materials for criminal "medical experiments".
Fragment of the film "Remember your name"
Bochegov A. The men tortured the children.
Clever. Intentionally. Skillfully.
They did everyday work
They worked - they tortured children.
And this every time again, -
Cursing, swearing for no reason...
And the children did not understand
What do men want from them?
Leading: In one of the concentration camps in Europe, Terezina, there were more than 10,500 children under the age of 15 and about 2,000 under the age of 18. Of the 12,500 children, about 1,000 survived. The relentless thought of death, even if it was not allowed by consciousness, tormented gradually, and the children asked questions that usually take a whole life to solve.
Kaganov N. For what - offensive words,
Beatings, hunger, growling dogs?
And the children thought at first
What kind of disobedience is this.
They couldn't imagine
What was open to everyone:
According to the ancient logic of the earth,
Children need protection from adults.
Leading: The Salaspils concentration camp was established by the invaders in 1941 on the territory of Latvia. Both residents of Latvia and Jews who were brought to the camp from other European countries went there. In the camp, about 3 thousand children under 5 years old were martyred only in the period from May 18, 1942 to May 19, 1943, the bodies were partly burned, and partly buried in the old garrison cemetery near Salaspils. Most of them were subjected to blood pumping, and they were also subjected to terrifying medical experiments in their cruelty. According to historians, more than 100,000 people died in the camp: adults and children, these data are also confirmed by surviving eyewitnesses. However, an accurate assessment of both the number of deaths in this camp and the nominal composition of prisoners is difficult because in August 1944, while preparing a retreat, the Nazis took the surviving prisoners of Salaspils to the Stutthof concentration camp, while they destroyed its administrative archive.
Kukushkin D. And the days went by, how terrible death is,
And the children became exemplary
But they were all beaten.
Same way. Again.
And they weren't relieved of their guilt.
They grabbed people.
They prayed. And they loved.
But the men had "ideas"
The men tortured the children.
I'm alive. I breathe. Love people,
But life is disgusting to me,
As soon as I remember: it was.
The men tortured the children.
Leading: In 1967, a memorial center was opened on the site of the Salaspils concentration camp.
Leading: As a day of remembrance for the victims, April 11 was established at the initiative of the UN in memory of the international uprising, which was raised on April 11, 1945 by the prisoners of Buchenwald, having learned about the approach of the Soviet army.
I propose to honor the memory of the victims of the Nazi concentration camps with a MINUTE OF SILENCE
Leading: After the horrors of war, occupation, concentration camps, no one could even think about the possibility of the revival of fascism on Earth. But years passed, and in some countries people who openly supported the ideas of nationalism and fascism came to power. Hiding behind false democratic slogans and imaginary freedom of speech, they organize marches of former SS men in the squares, erect obelisks for them, while destroying monuments to Soviet liberators, persecuting veterans of the Great Patriotic War.
In modern Ukraine, the former part of the Soviet Union, which suffered heavy losses in the Great Patriotic War, supporters of the ideas of nationalism raised their heads. They took an active part in the coup d'état, in overthrowing the legitimate government. It is especially terrible that they are drawing young people into their ranks, using false slogans and false ideas to cover up their real goals. We are citizens of Russia, we must be proud of our Motherland, remember its history, honor the traditions and customs of our people. But at the same time, our love and pride should not be associated with humiliation, disrespect and negative attitude towards other peoples and their cultures. We must remember that Russia is a multinational country, and this is our strength. We are called to this by the blood of our compatriots, given for a just cause, for our bright future.
In order to resist the streams of deceit and lies flowing from the West, it is necessary to know the history of your country and your people. The events and facts of the history of concentration camps are only a background for understanding where, when and in what conditions, due to tragic circumstances, the Soviet people found themselves. All of them were soldiers and participants of that terrible war. Eternal memory to all those who died unconquered in a fierce battle with fascism!.. No years will heal the wounds of millions of human hearts... This must not be forgotten. And this cannot be forgiven!