For a competent morphological analysis of the participle as a part of speech, this article provides a detailed action plan with illustrative examples. Also described is the technique of morphemic parsing of the gerunds with the ghost of examples.
How to make a morphological analysis of the gerunds?
Morphological analysis of the adverbial participle as an independent part of speech includes the grammatical and syntactic characteristics of the word. During the parsing, the morphological signs of the participle are determined, as well as its role in the sentence.
Plan of morphological parsing of the verbal participle as a part of speech:
I. Part of speech. General grammatical meaning. What question does he answer.
II. Initial form. Morphological signs ( permanent).
- View ( perfect, imperfect);
- Returnability ( returnable, irrevocable);
- Transition ( transient, intransitive);
- Immutability.
III. Syntactic role.
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Examples of morphological parsing of gerunds
Feeding children, mom went to the store.
what having done?
II. N. f. - feeding ... Morphological signs: perfect appearance, irreversible, transitional, unchangeable word.
III. The syntactic role is a circumstance (gone - when? - feeding ).
Walking, the children saw a hare running out of the forest.
I. A verbal participle, denotes an additional action, answers the question - what are you doing?
II. N. f. - walking ... Morphological signs: imperfect appearance, irreversible, intransitive, unchangeable word.
III. The syntactic role is a circumstance (saw - when? - walking ).
Rejoicing, he greeted a friend.
I. A verbal participle, denotes an additional action, answers the question - what are you doing?
II. N. f. - rejoicing ... Morphological signs: imperfect appearance, returnable, transitional, unchanging word.
III. Syntactic role - circumstance (welcomed - as? - rejoicing ).
Morphemic parsing of the participle
In some sources, the morphemic parsing of the gerunds is included in the general grammatical parsing. The gerunds are an unchangeable part of speech, therefore, when parsing according to their composition, they do not have endings. Form-building suffixes of gerunds are - -a / -ya, -v / -lice / -shi.
Examples of morphemic parsing of participles
Calling friend... Na-zv-a-lice-sy - derived from the verb "to be called"; the foundation - calling himself, prefix - on-, root - -zv-, suffixes - -a-, -lice-, postfix - - sit.
In the course of studying the Russian language, students conduct Examples of analysis of this mysterious part of speech in our article. And also we will try to figure out step by step what difficulties await the guys in this work.
Part of speech
The participle and participle are the most mysterious speech groups in our language. It is believed that most of all spelling and punctuation errors are associated with them. This is due to the fact that scientists have not yet decided what category they should be classified as independent or not. They borrowed most of their features from the verb. Therefore, performing the participles and participles, we will see how they are similar to their "progenitor."
However, the presence of their own grammatical categories allows us to call them independent parts. In such a controversial situation, there is, unfortunately, no unambiguous opinion of linguists. But at the same time, both the adverbial and participle turnovers have their own plan of morphological analysis. This shows once again how special these groups of speech are.
Signs
Now you can proceed to study in detail the morphological analysis of the participle. We will give examples of such works below. The features of this part, denoting an additional action, include the type, as well as the recurrence. Let's consider them in more detail.
An imperfect form denotes an action that is still completed by a certain moment. His distinctive question is "what to do?" at the verb and "doing what?" at the gerunds.
For example: speaking - speaking.
This form is used when the process of action is still in progress or happened sometime in the past, but has not yet ended.
The next type is called perfect. Already by its name it is clear that it is the opposite in meaning to imperfect. This view conveys an action completed by a point in time. The question typical for him is "what having done?"
For example: To come running (what to do?) - a verb, having come running (what to do?) - a participle.
For example: to admire (verb) - admiring (participle).
Syntactic features
The participle, examples of which we will consider after studying all its details, is not an easy task. After studying its signs, you can go to which it is playing. Since the main feature of the adverb is immutability, borrowed from the adverb, then their questions will be similar. In a sentence, it usually plays the role of a circumstance.
For example: Walking down the street without a hat, a child fell ill with a cold.
We ask a question from the verb "sick" to the gerunds "walking" (how?). Thus, it is a circumstance designating a course of action.
But it is worth considering the fact that it is not single. That is, this participle in this example has words depending on it: walking (where?) - along the street and walking (how?) - without a hat. And, as you know, their presence suggests that we are in front of us in this sentence, it is expressed by the adverbial phrase. What to do in this case, starting to underline this member of the sentence? No doubt, single out the whole construction of the turnover as a circumstance. In linguistics, it is customary to underline it with a dotted line with dots between it. Do not forget that such a turn is always separated by commas. In this case, it does not matter in what position the main word is for him.
Parsing plan
It's time to perform morphological analysis of the participle. We will give a sample immediately after drawing up a clear algorithm.
- We determine the part of speech by asking the question (what by doing? What by doing?).
- We put the word in its initial form, defining the verb that formed it, and the characteristic suffix.
- We analyze the morphological signs: we determine the type (Soviet / Non-Soviet), look at the suffix and state the recurrence, if available.
- We carry out the characterization of this part of speech as a member of the sentence.
Such a simple plan has a morphological analysis of the participle.
Examples of
Having collected the necessary information about this part of speech, you can proceed to its analysis.
Consider an example: Sounds murmuring, streams ran with the onset of spring.
In this sentence, we will conduct a morphological analysis of the verbal participle "murmur".
- Doing what? - Murcha (participle).
- We find the signs. The view is imperfect, since it answers the question "doing what?" The action is unfinished, continuing during that period of time. Since the suffix is absent, this participle is irrevocable.
- The syntactic role is a circumstance. Firstly, it depends on the verb, and secondly, it has dependent words with it and is part of the turnover (murmur loudly). According to this, we completely single out it as a separate circumstance.
The next example that we will analyze is this: The wind blew the forest with coolness, rustling the foliage of the trees.
Here we need to perform a morphological analysis of the gerunds "rustling".
- Doing what? - rustling (participle).
- We find the signs. The view is imperfect, because the word answers the question "doing what?" Formed from the verb "murmur" plus the suffix -а. The absence of the -sy suffix confirms that the participle is irreversible.
- The sentence is a circumstance. It depends on the verb "blown" and answers the question "how?"
In addition, it dominates the phrase "tree foliage." This suggests that we have to underline it entirely with a dotted line with dots.
Conclusion
In this article, we have explored one of the most unusual parts of speech. Having considered the gerunds from different sides, we were able to analyze it, as well as draw up an algorithm for its implementation. If you know all the subtleties, then no difficulties should arise during parsing. We wish you the best in this endeavor!
Adverb parse plan
I. Part of speech, general meaning.
II. Morphological signs.
1. Immutability. 2. View.
III. Syntactic role
Sample parsing
He hurt himself when he fell off his horse.(Turgenev.)
Oral analysis
Having fallen- verbal participle.
First, it denotes an additional action: hurt yourself (having done what?), falling.
Secondly, it has the following morphological features: unchangeable, perfect type.
Third, the sentence is a circumstance.
Written analysis
I. Having fallen- verbal participle.
II. Duck (what did you do?) Falling.
Post .: unchanged.
Unpost .: Sov. view
III. hurt yourself (what did you do?) falling.
─ ·─ ·
Lodor waterfall
Boiling,
Hissing,
Murcha,
Grumbling,
Flowing
Spinning
Merging,
Billowing
Swelling
Flickering, rustling,
Frolicking and hurrying
Gliding, hugging
By sharing and meeting
Caressing, rebelling, flying
Playing, crushing, rustling,
Shining, taking off, staggering,
Intertwining, ringing, bubbling,
Soaring, spinning, rumbling,
Wrinkling, worrying, rolling,
Rushing, changing, cooing, making noise,
Rising and foaming, exulting, thundering,
Trembling, spilling, laughing and chatting,
Rolling, wriggling, striving, growing
Running forward and forward in freedom-loving fervor, -
So stormy waves fall in the blazing fast Lodor!
Robert Southey
Output: denoting an additional action, the verbal participle adorns our speech, makes us pay attention to seemingly imperceptible details. It was with the help of germs that the author managed to describe the indomitable natural element, to show the power and splendor of the waterfall.
Test on the topic "Communion. German participle "
1. Continue with the sentence: The sacrament is a _____________________ form of _____________, which means _______________________
2. Continue the sentence: The geruch is the _____________________ form _______, which means ____
And has properties ___________________________
3. Continue the sentence: The participle answers the questions _________
4. Continue the sentence: The sacrament answers the questions of ___________
5. Indicate the signs of which part of speech the gerunds have:
a) verb and adjective
b) adverbs and adjectives
c) verbs and adverbs
6. Indicate the signs of which part of speech the participle has:
a) verb and adjective
b) adverbs and adjectives
c) verbs and adverbs
7. The verbal participle -
a) variable part of speech
b) unchangeable part of speech
c) service part of speech
8. Communion -
a) variable part of speech
b) unchangeable part of speech
c) service part of speech
9. List the signs of a verb and an adjective in a participle:
___________________________________________________________
Adjective______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
10. List the signs of a verb and an adverb in an adverbial participle:
Verb______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Adverb______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
11. Suffixes of valid participles ________________________
________________________________________________________________
12. Suffixes of passive participles ________________________
13. The participle turnover is ______________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
14. The adverbial turnover is _____________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
15. The sacraments are ________________________________ and __________
______________________________________________
16. How many N have short passive participles? _______________
17. Suffixes of imperfective participles ___________________
18. Suffixes of perfect participles ______________________
19. Continue the sentence:
German participles are formed from verbs using the suffixes _____________
__________________________________________________________________
20. Indicate the sign (or signs) of the verb that the gerunds do not have:
b) return
21. Conduct a morphemic analysis of the participles and participles: sparkling snow, drizzling rain, lowering the price, thinking about the future, warmed lunch, wading through the thickets, unabated storm, singing a song, a blue strip of sky, telling the truth, sitting in the car, warming tea, climbing in a hut, stiff legs.
22. Compose and write down, punctuation marks, a participle sentence. Highlight the participle as a member of the sentence. _____________________________________________________________________________
23. Compose and write down, placing punctuation marks, a sentence with an adverbial turnover. Underline the adverbial phrase as a member of the sentence .__________________ __________________________________________________________________________________
24. Determine in which phrase the participle is used figuratively. Compose and write down a sentence with a phrase in which the participle is used in its direct meaning. loose hair - loose children, running guys - shifting eyes, a shiny object - a brilliant success, an open door - an open soul, an extinguished light - an extinguished smile, limited movement - a limited person. _____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
25. Find mistakes in the use of participles and participles. Write down the corrected sentences. 1) The beginning of the rain confused all plans for a vacation outside the city. 2) We were given an assignment for the summer. H) Noticing the agitation of the interlocutor, I stopped. 4) Having eaten his fill, he wanted to sleep. _____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
26. Indicate the verb from which the gerunds cannot be formed.
a) Worry.
c) Watch out.
c) Whisper.
27. Indicate a sentence in which the participle is not isolated.
a) By dawn, the lamp went out after burning. c) The clouds are melting into an enticing distance. c) The cranes usually rest while standing. e) Having made a noise, the river calmed down again and laid down on the banks.
f) Chongarsky bridge flashed through.
28. Indicate simple sentences, complicated by adverbial and participial phrases.
in the autumn.
c) The youths involuntarily leaned back in their saddles as if recoiling from the cold which breathed on them from these ancient graves.
c) The Irtysh makes a big bend here, forming a wide bay, very convenient for winter parking of steamers and barges. e) Askar, sitting in the cart, began to hum Abai's song about spring, but he was knocked down by the ringing trill of a lark fluttering its wings in the air. f) Streams murmuring and meandering and echoing among themselves in a echoing valley in a hurry.
29. Specify the word with -нн-.
a) Boiling ... th water.
c) Nezva. ... .th guests.
c) Not cut ... th lawn.
e) Swift .. .new head.
f) Not trimmed. ..th boy.
Adverb as part of speech
An adverb is an independent (significant) part of speech, which denotes a sign of an action, a sign of an object or other sign.
Sign actions denote adverbs that join a verb or gerunds. Learn (how?) Hard, live (how?) Amicably.
Sign subject denote adverbs that are attached to a name noun: walk (what?) on foot, movement (what?) forward,
Sign of another sign denote adverbs that join:
to the adjective: highly controversial question, very high wood;
to the sacrament:The trees were completely hung tassels of cherries;
to the adverb: The morning is so sweet, clear, but I a little sad.
Adverbs do not change, that is, they do not bend or conjugate.
Let everything be fine in life!
Gracefully, sweetly, tenderly, passionately!
Brilliant, bright, fantastic
Nice, fashionable and practical.
Careless, tasty, appetizing,
Unusually, colorful,
Successful, simple, flawless,
And with pleasure, of course!
Word adverb in the Old Russian language had several meanings, including "to speak". From the word speech, words were formed to name, spoken and an adverb, which literally translates from Latin advepbium - "an adverb". As you can see, there is the closest connection between an adverb and a verb. Scientists have calculated that the adverb is 70% adjacent to the verb.
Sometimes it is desirable for you
Action or sign to explain.
This means: it is necessary
It's good for you to invite the adverb. (Peter Chesnokov)
82. Find adverbs. Determine their meanings.
1. I bent down to the thawed spot and began to carefully examine this first piece of thawed earth. 2. He's not scary at all. 3. The car soared upward and disappeared. 4. Then a warm wind blew, clouds moved, and for three days and three nights a stormy and warm rain poured down. 5. Gavrila in a temper ordered to raise the whole house. 6. I cannot convey all his questions, and there is no need.
CLASSIFICATION OF ADVENTURES
| DISSOLVED ADDRESSES | EXAMPLES |
| Definitive (can refer not only to a verb, but also to an adverb, a noun, a word of the category of state, characterizing them from different sides): | |
| quality | sad, strange, monstrous, scary, fast, right |
| quantitative | a lot, a little, a little, double, triple, three times, six, very, very, completely, absolutely |
| image and mode of action | running, galloping, walking, swimming, shuffling, idling, supine, for sure |
| Circumstantial (most often related to a verb): | |
| places | far, near, back, far, towards, from the side |
| time | yesterday, today, tomorrow, during the day, at night, in the morning, in the spring, sometimes, now |
| causes | in the heat of the moment, foolishly, blindly, involuntarily, not without reason |
| goals | on purpose, on purpose, in spite, in spite of, as a joke, intentionally |
| Pronouns (like pronouns, they do not name a sign, but only indicate it; unlike pronouns, pronouns DO NOT CHANGE): | |
| indicative | there, there, from there, here, here, so, then, therefore, therefore, then |
| determinative | always, sometimes, everywhere, everywhere, everywhere |
| interrogative-relative | how, where, where, from where, when, why, why, why |
| undefined | somehow, somehow, somehow, somewhere, somewhere, somewhere, somewhere, sometime, someday, ever, for some reason, for some reason |
| negative. | no way, nowhere, nowhere, nowhere, nowhere, nowhere, nowhere, never, no time, no need |
| NOT ADDEDED | |
| together | apart |
| 1.not used without not: sloppy, awkward, awkward | 1.there is or implied opposition to the union a: He spoke not loudly, but in a whisper. |
| 2. forms a new word for which you can choose a synonym: easy to guess = easy | 2.if the particle serves not for the formation of new words, but for negation: not hard to guess(there is no great difficulty, but there is no lightness, simplicity) |
| 3.in negative adverbs: nowhere, no time | 3.with adverbs not in -O (-E): not three of us, not in my opinion, not there, not in Russian |
| 4.comparatively: not better, not prettier | |
| 5.there are explanatory words with NI: written not at all interesting | |
| 6. there are explanatory words at all, far, by no means, at all (meaning "at all, by no means"): you don't have to go |
I once visited the country,
Where the NOT particle disappeared.
I looked around with perplexity:
What the stucco position!
But all around it was quiet, quiet,
And in everything was figure it out a,
And on adult flowerbed by the booth
Blue bloomed forgetting.
And the weather stood wall,
And the dog walked happy.
And wagging my tail ugly,
Ran prolazable puddles.
To meet me without any fear
Washed, combed ryakha,
And for p yaoi on fresh grass
Walked harsh dotepa and vezha.
And from school, holding the pens,
Decent step went out daughters.
And to meet everyone early in the morning
The princess smiled Laughing.
It's a pity that only in a dream
There is a country without a particle of NOT. (S. Bondarenko)
83. Write not together or separately.
1. (Not) noticeably they became (not) necessary for me.
2. It was decided (not) to leave slowly.
3. Travelers (not) admired this picture for a long time.
4. You will have (not) a little work.
5. Everywhere people labored (not) tiredly.
6. The airfield was (not) far away.
7. I (not) noticed him right away.
8. I waited for them (not) less than an hour.
9. The horses ran (slowly).
10. It is (not) deep, but shallow.
11. He left for a short time, (not) for a long time.
12. He left not for a long time, (not) for a long time.
14. It is not at all (not) difficult for me to do this.
15. Saying this is not at all (not) necessary.
84. Make up phrases or sentences with the following words:
Not bright dim. Not long, not long.
Not clear, unclear. Not good, not good.
Not reasonable, unreasonable. Not fair, unfair.
Test. Option I
1.
1. He lay (not) mobile for many hours, like a wounded animal.
2. We dump (not) the right to blame our lives.
3. The sun was (not) hot, but gentle.
4. His acquaintance is far (not) pleasant.
5. I had (not) expected to get to know her.
6. (Un) usually severe winters in Yakutia.
7. He understood the task (not) immediately.
8. The student looked (not) the worst.
9. Peering into the world around us, we make (not) unusually interesting discoveries.
10. We just need to remember that if we (not) take good care of this world, we will perish ourselves.
Option II.
1. Complete the table below.
1. Eagerly and (not) hastily, wanting to embrace and squeeze everything visible in her arms, the girl looked at the clear sky.
2. To our right, (not) far, but somewhere close, a stream gurgled.
3. The day was (not) warm in winter.
4. In the world, miracles are scattered everywhere, but (not) everyone noticed them everywhere.
5. Opening the gate a little bit, a girl (not) comes out boldly.
6. New acquaintances in the forest happen (not) rarely.
7. Walking on an unfamiliar road was by no means (not) scary.
8. Old letters in the mail are (not) quieter than new ones.
9. Nature (in) audibly lives around us.
10. Tall stalks of grass stood (not) mobile, as if enchanted.
The morphological analysis of the participle, like the morphological analysis of the participle, depends on whether we recognize the participle as a special form of the verb, or whether we consider the participle as an independent part of speech.
Scheme of morphological analysis of the participle as a verb form:
1. Verb. The initial form is infinitive.
2. Morphological features:
a) permanent:
Transitivity,
Returnability,
Conjugation;
b) fickle signs: in the form of a gerunds.
Educational complexes offer parsing of the verbal participle, corresponding to the approach to it as a hybrid part of speech.
So, complex 1 offers the following analysis: part of speech (gerunds), immutability, type, syntactic function. Complex 2 offers to indicate the recurrence and the type. Complex 3 offers the following scheme: from which verb is formed, type, syntactic function. If we proceed from the fact that the verbal participle is an independent part of speech, then the parsing scheme changes.
Scheme of morphological analysis of the verbal participle as an independent part of speech:
1. The verbal participle.
2. Morphological features:
a) permanent:
Transitivity,
Returnability,
Immutability;
b) inconsistent signs: no.
3. The syntactic role in the sentence.
Let's give sample morphological analysis of the participle.
Sipping sour wine, squinting at the smoke of his pipe, he listened sullenly to what Zoya was telling him. When she finished, she snapped her fingers.
(A. N. Tolstoy)
Parsing the participle as a verb form:
sipping- verb, beginning. the form sip;
fast. signs: crossover, non-return, NSV, I spr .;
squinting- verb, beginning. the form screw up;
fast. signs: nepech., return., NSV, II sp .;
unpost signs: in the form of a verbal participle;
synth. role: part of the circumstance.
graduating- verb, beginning. the form finish;
fast. signs: cross., non-return., CB, II sp .;
unpost signs: in the form of a verbal participle;
Parsing the verbal participle as an independent part of speech:
sipping- verbal participle;
fast. signs: transition., non-return., NSV, unchanged;
unpost signs: no;
synth. role: part of the circumstance.
squinting- verbal participle;
fast. signs: non-transient, return, NSV, unchanged;
unpost signs: no;
synth. role: part of the circumstance.
graduating- verbal participle;
fast. signs: transition, non-return, SV, unchanged;
unpost signs: no;
synth role: part of the circumstance.
Service parts of speech
Service parts are those parts of speech that, without independent parts of speech, cannot form a sentence and serve to connect independent units or to express additional shades of meaning.
Pretext
Pretext- This is an official part of speech that serves to connect a noun, pronoun and number with other words in a phrase. Prepositions can denote a relationship between an action and an object ( look in the sky), object and object ( sail boat), feature and object ( self-sacrificing).
Prepositions do not change, they are not independent members of the sentence.
When parsing, there are different techniques for working with prepositions. First, prepositions may not be highlighted in any way. Secondly, prepositions can be underlined together with the attached word as a single prepositional-case group expressing a single meaning. This approach is presented in complexes 1 and 2 (in complex 1, the preposition is also circled in a square). Complex 3 disposes of prepositions ambiguously: in some examples it is not emphasized at all, in others it is underlined along with the noun; there are even cases of underlining a preposition together with an adjective, a definition in type constructions at the edge of the forest; the latter is unacceptable.
Prepositions are used either with one case (for example, in spite of- with V. p., from and y - with R. p.), or with several cases (for example, per- with V. p. and T. p., on and v- with V. p. and P. p., on - with D. p. and V. p., with - with R. p., V. p. and etc.).
By education, prepositions can be divided into
1) non-derivatives(antiderivatives) - not related by origin with other parts of speech, for example, without, with, from, from, because of;
2) derivatives(non-primitive), that is, those that are associated in origin with other parts of speech:
a) adverbial: close, around, on the contrary, along;
b) canceled: in view of the form, during, at the expense of;
c) verbal: thanks, including, excluding, starting, later.
By structure, prepositions can be divided into
1) simple(written without a space): around, thanks, around, due;
2) composite(written with a space): during, during, except, during, due to, depending on, towards.
Prepositions can express the following meanings:
1) object: tell about yourself, homesickness,
2) spatial: live in Moscow / near Moscow / near the metro,
3) temporary: come in the evening, work before / after lunch, come every other day,
4) causal: not to come due to / due to / due to / due to illness,
5) target: to live for the sake of children, to give as a keepsake, to do for a friend,
6) comparative: the size of a fist, go to mother,
8) attributive: a boat with a sail, a skirt in a cage, a down coat.
The question of the categories of prepositions by meaning is touched upon only in complex 2, and there are 6 such categories in it: the definitive and comparative meaning is not highlighted, and the object meaning is called additional.
Prepositions come either before the noun or before the definition (s) referring to this noun, if the definition precedes the noun: in a beautiful dress. Only a few prepositions are also used after the noun: for what and what for.