The surname Romanov goes back to the baptismal name Roman (from the Latin romanus Roman). The patron saint of the name is the holy martyr Roman, deacon of the church of Caesarea in Palestine. During one of the persecutions of Christians, he moved to Antioch, where he strengthened Christians in the faith by his example and ardent preaching.
When the ruler of Antioch, Asclepiades, planned to destroy the Christian temple, Saint Roman called on the faithful to defend their shrine. He convinced them that if they keep the temple, they will rejoice here, on earth, in the militant Church, and if they die defending the temple, they will rejoice in the triumphant Heavenly Church. Seeing such determination of the people, the ruler did not dare to fulfill his intention.
In Russia, this name was borne by the holy noble prince Roman, the Wonderworker of Uglich. He became famous for building a new beautiful city in his principality, which was named after the founder Romanov (now the city of Tutaev). Chronicles have preserved the details of its construction. The holy prince chose a place for him on the high bank of the Volga. A church was founded there in honor of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross of the Lord. Roman himself indicated where and what should be built in the city.
The ancestor of the Romanovs is Andrei Ivanovich Kobyla, whose father, Glanda-Kambila Divonovich, baptized Ivan, came to Russia in the last quarter of the 14th century from Lithuania. His descendants until the beginning of the XVI century. were called the Koshkins, later the Zakharyins-Romanovs, and then simply the Romanovs. Anastasia, the first wife of Tsar Ivan the Terrible, belonged to this family. It is associated with the rise of the Romanovs, who, after the suppression of the Moscow branch of the Rurikovich, began to claim the throne.
In 1613, Anastasia's great-nephew Mikhail Fedorovich became tsar, and his offspring (traditionally called the House of Romanov) ruled Russia until 1917.
Legally, however, during this period, members of the royal, and then the imperial family did not have any surnames at all (Tsarevich Ivan Alekseevich, Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich, etc.). In addition, since 1761, the descendants of the daughter of Peter the Great Anna Petrovna and the Duke of Holstein-Gottorp reigned in Russia, who, in the male line, no longer descended from the Romanovs, but from the Holstein-Gottorps.
Despite this, the names Romanovs and the House of Romanovs were almost universally used for the informal designation of the Russian Imperial House. The coat of arms of the Romanov boyars was included in the official legislation, and in 1913 the tercentenary of the Romanov dynasty was widely celebrated. After 1917, almost all members of the reigning house officially began to bear the name of the Romanovs. Roman, eventually received the surname Romanov.
The study of the history of the emergence of the Romanov surname reveals the forgotten pages of the life and culture of our ancestors and can tell a lot of interesting things about the distant past.
The surname Romanov belongs to one of the oldest types of Slavic family names, formed from baptismal names.
Religious tradition obliged to name the child in honor of some saint, legendary or historical person revered by the Orthodox Church on a certain day of the year. Most personal Christian names historically date back to ancient languages - Greek, Latin, ancient Aramaic, from which they were borrowed.
Often, the ancient Slavs also added the name of his father to the name of the newborn, thereby denoting belonging to a certain genus. This is due to the fact that there were relatively few baptismal names, and they were often repeated. The addition to the name of a person in the form of a patronymic helped to solve the problem of identification. In the future, the patronymic often unchanged passed into the surname of the descendants.
The surname Romanov is based on the baptismal name Roman, which means “Roman, Roman” in Latin.
In the name book, this name appeared in honor of St. Roman of Uglich, who lived during the difficult time of the Tatar invasion on Russian soil. According to legend, Roman was distinguished by piety and did not have a great inclination for a noisy life and fun. Being sufficiently enlightened, he was engaged in reading books, loved the temples of God, the clergy and church services. So during his life, Roman believed in Christ and gave his love to those around him.
Already in the XV-XVI centuries in Rus', surnames denoting a person's belonging to a particular family began to be fixed and passed down from generation to generation. These were possessive adjectives with the suffixes -ov / -ev, -in, originally indicating the name of the head of the family. Thus, the descendants of a person who had the name Roman eventually received the surname Romanovs.
The surname of the Romanovs is the surname of the famous Russian boyar family, which has worn it since the end of the 16th century, and since 1613 it has been the surname of the dynasty of Russian tsars, since 1721 - emperors. According to family tradition, the ancestors of the Romanovs left for Rus' “from Prussia” at the beginning of the 14th century. However, many historians believe that the Romanovs come from Novgorod.
The first reliable ancestor of the Romanovs and a number of other noble families is Andrei Ivanovich Kobyla, the boyar of the Moscow prince Ivan Kalita. At the beginning of 1917, the Romanov dynasty consisted of 32 males, 13 of whom were executed by the Bolsheviks in 1918-1919. Those who escaped this settled in Western Europe (mainly in France) and the USA.
It is currently difficult to talk about the exact place and time of the emergence of the Romanov surname, since the process of forming surnames was quite lengthy. Nevertheless, the surname Romanov is a remarkable monument of Slavic writing and culture.
Sources: Dictionary of modern Russian surnames (Ganzhina I.M.), Encyclopedia of Russian surnames. Secrets of origin and meaning (Vedina T.F.), Russian surnames: a popular etymological dictionary (Fedosyuk Yu.A.), Encyclopedia of Russian surnames (Khigir B.Yu.), Russian surnames (Unbegaun B.O.).
Romanovs- an ancient Russian noble family. Andrei Ivanovich Kobyla is considered to be its ancestor, whose father (according to a more accepted view), Glanda-Kambila Divonovich, baptized Ivan, came to Russia in the last quarter of the 13th century. from Lithuania or "from Prussia". Among historians, there is also a worldview that the Romanovs came from Novgorod. Andrei Ivanovich Kobyla had 5 offspring: Semechki Horse, Alexander Elka, Vasily Ivantai, Gavriil Gavsha and Fedor Koshka, who became the founders of 17 Russian noble houses. The branch that laid the foundation for the Romanov dynasty came from Fyodor Koshka. In the first generation, Andrei Ivanovich and his sons were called Kobylins, Fedor Andreevich and his offspring Ivan - Koshkins. The children of Zakhary Ivanovich Koshkin became the Koshkin-Zakharyins, and the grandchildren became simply the Zakharyins.
From Yuri Zakharyevich came the Zakharyins-Yuryevs, and from his brother Yakov, the Zakharyins-Yakovlevs. The surname of the Romanovs came to the dynasty from the nobleman Nikita Romanovich Zakharyin-Yuriev. Thanks to the marriage of his sister Anastasia to Tsar Ivan IV Severe, the Zakharyin-Yuryev family intersected in the 16th century with the Rurik dynasty and approached the royal court. The great-nephew of Anastasia, the offspring of the nobleman Fyodor Nikitich Romanov (later - the Metropolitan Patriarch Filaret) Misha Fedorovich was elected by the Zemsky Sobor to the kingdom in 1613, and his offspring (which is usually referred to as the “Romanov House”) ruled Russia until 1917.
Below are the names of all the kings, kings and rulers of the Romanov dynasty.
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Additional to the site:
Where did the Romanov dynasty come from?
The Romanovs are an ancient Russian noble family. Andrei Ivanovich Kobyla is considered to be its ancestor, whose father (according to a more accepted view), Glanda-Kambila Divonovich, baptized Ivan, came to Russia in the last quarter of the 13th century. from Lithuania or "from Prussia". Among historians, there is also a worldview that the Romanovs came from Novgorod. Andrey Ivanovich Kobyla had 5 offspring: Horse Seeds,...
Surname Romanov in Russia it has a special privilege, because it was worn by more than one generation of Russian tsars. But if we abstract from the royal past, it turns out that origin of the surname Romanov most prosaic. Thanks to the way it was formed surname Romanov, most of the hereditary names appeared in Rus'.
History of the Roman family.
The meaning of the name Romanov goes back to its own name. This surname is based on the personal Christian name Roman, which in Latin means "Roman". Many peoples had a similar scheme for the formation of surnames - when there was a need to identify citizens in more detail, the simplest thing was to choose a generic name based on patronymics. Moreover, the name of the father in the pre-familial period served as an addition to the name to recognize a particular person. Hence it is clear What does the name Romanov mean?- the father of its first owner at baptism was named Roman. And since quite a few men had such baptismal names, the surname, of course, did not appear in one copy and with different stress. Most often, the stress is placed on the vowel “a” of the middle syllable, but there are such surnames as Romanov (with the accent on the first “o”) or RomanOv (with the accent on the ending).
Origin of the royal family.
Of course, it is impossible to find out who was the first bearer of the Romanov surname. However, in this case it is possible to know for certain Where does the surname Romanov come from? appeared among the royalty of Russia. It is known that the Romanov dynasty replaced the Rurikovich on the Russian throne. Andrei Ivanovich Kobyla, the boyar of the Moscow prince Ivan Kalita, is considered the founder of the Romanov family. Until the beginning of the 16th century, his descendants were called Koshkins, then Zakharyins-Romanovs, and finally simply Romanovs. The example of this family shows that the formation of surnames was a long process, and hereditary generic names went a long way from street nicknames (Koshka-Koshkin) to surnames in the modern sense. It is known that Ivan the Terrible took his wife Anastasia from the Romanov family. Although the first who began to bear the surname Romanov was her nephew Fedor, in the future Patriarch Filaret. Decades later, Anastasia's great-nephew and grandson of Patriarch Filaret, Mikhail Fedorovich, became the first Romanov tsar.
Currently, the surname Romanov is one of the most common Russian surnames, but not all of its representatives are related to the royal family. True, if we take into account the influence of the surname Romanov, then its carriers must have some common features. It is believed that the Romanovs are not deprived of talents, but they show them already in adulthood. They succeed in life a lot if they develop their innate determination and perseverance. Is this so, each of the Romanovs decides for himself.
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The origin of the family and surname of the Romanovs
The history of the Romanov family has been documented since the middle of the 14th century, from the boyar of the Grand Duke of Moscow Simeon Gordoy - Andrei Ivanovich Kobyla, who, like many boyars in the medieval Moscow state, played a significant role in government.
Kobyla had five sons, the youngest of whom, Fedor Andreevich, bore the nickname "Cat".
According to Russian historians, “Mare”, “Koshka” and many other Russian surnames, including noble ones, came from nicknames that arose spontaneously, under the influence of various random associations, which are difficult, and most often impossible, to reconstruct.
Fedor Koshka, in turn, served the Grand Duke of Moscow Dmitry Donskoy, who, speaking in 1380 in the famous victorious campaign against the Tatars on Kulikovo Field, left Koshka to rule Moscow instead of himself: “Observe the city of Moscow and protect the Grand Duchess and all his family” .
The descendants of Fyodor Koshka occupied a strong position at the Moscow court and often became related to members of the Rurik dynasty then ruling in Russia.
By the names of men from the family of Fedor Koshka, in fact, by patronymic, the descending branches of the family were called. Therefore, the descendants bore different surnames, until finally one of them - the boyar Roman Yuryevich Zakharyin - occupied such an important position that all his descendants began to be called Romanovs.
And after the daughter of Roman Yuryevich - Anastasia - became the wife of Tsar Ivan the Terrible, the surname "Romanovs" became unchanged for all members of this family, who played an outstanding role in the history of Russia and many other countries.
In 1598, the Rurik dynasty ceased to exist - the last of the dynasty, Tsar Fedor Ivanovich, died without descendants. After many years of Troubles, in 1613 the Zemsky Sobor was convened to elect a new tsar.
They elected Mikhail Romanov, who became the founder of a new dynasty that ruled Russia for three centuries - until March 1917.
From Mikhail Romanov in 1645, the throne passed to his son, Alexei Mikhailovich, who was the father of sixteen children. Thirteen of them were born by his first wife, Maria Miloslavskaya, three by his second wife, Natalia Naryshkina.
Since the subsequent narrative cannot do without a number of details that are necessary in order to make it clear when and why the Romanov dynasty embarked on the path of concluding many marriage alliances with German ruling houses, the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich will already be covered taking into account this circumstance.
The key moment in the history associated with many subsequent events is the second marriage of Alexei Mikhailovich to Natalya Naryshkina. And that's where we'll start the next chapter.
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