Bessonov L. A. . Electrical circuits . - 9th ed., revised. and additional - M.: "Higher School", 1996. - 638 p.
In Bessonov's book Theoretical foundations of electrical engineering. Electrical circuits » traditional and new issues of the theory of linear and non-linear electrical circuits are considered.
The traditional ones are methods for calculating currents and voltages for constant, sinusoidal, impulse and other types of influences, the theory of two- and four-terminal networks, electric filters, electric and magnetic lines with distributed parameters, calculation of transient processes by classical, operator methods, the Duhamel integral method, generalized functions, the space method states, Fourier transforms, analog and digital signals, fundamentals of signal theory, digital filters, simulated elements and their applications, Bruton transform, Hilbert transform, steady-state and transient processes in non-linear electrical circuits, stability various kinds movements, subharmonic oscillations.
Among the new questions included in the course are the physical causes, conditions for the occurrence and channels of non-linear, implicit feedback in non-linear electrical circuits. alternating current, leading to the occurrence of oscillations in them, called "strange attractors", a method for calculating the steady state operation of a generalized alternating current circuit, taking into account higher harmonics, using the principle of diacoptics, a macromethod for calculating transients in a bridge rectifier circuit with an upstream resistance in an alternating current circuit, magnetotransistor a meander-type voltage generator, the main provisions of the wavelet transform of signals, a new approach to compiling equations for increments in the study of the stability of periodic processes in nonlinear circuits with a source of sinusoidal EMF, which makes it possible to reduce the equation for increments to the Mathieu equation in a simple way, and a number of other new issues.
For all questions of the course, examples with detailed solutions are given. At the end of each chapter are questions and tasks for self-examination. Download textbook Bessonov L. A. Theoretical foundations of electrical engineering. Electrical circuits. - 9th ed., revised. and additional - M .: "Higher School", 1996
Foreword
Introduction
Part I Linear electrical circuits
Chapter first. Basic provisions of the theory electromagnetic field and their application to electrical circuit theory
§ 1.1. Electromagnetic field as a kind of matter
§ 1.2. Integral and differential relations between the main quantities characterizing the field
§ 1.3. Division of electrical tasks into circuit and field
§ 1.4. Capacitor
§ 1.5. Inductance. The phenomenon of self-induction
§ 1.6. Mutual inductance. The phenomenon of mutual induction
§ 1.7. Equivalent circuits of real electrical devices
Questions for self-examination
Chapter two. Properties linear electrical circuits and methods for their calculation. Electrical chains direct current
§ 2.1. Definition of linear and non-linear electrical circuits
§ 2.2. EMF source and current source
§ 2.3. Unbranched and branched electrical circuits
§ 2.4. Voltage in the circuit section
§ 2.5. Ohm's law for a circuit section that does not contain an EMF source
§ 2.6. Ohm's law for a circuit section containing an EMF source. Generalized Ohm's Law
§ 2.7. Kirchhoff's laws
§ 2.8. Drawing up equations for calculating currents in circuits using Kirchhoff's laws
§ 2.9. Grounding one point of the circuit
§ 2.10. Potential Diagram
§ 2.11. Energy balance in electrical circuits
§ 2.12. Proportional value method
§ 2.13. Loop current method
§ 2.14. Overlay principle and overlay method
§ 2.15. Input and mutual conductivities of the branches. Input impedance
§ 2.16. Reciprocity theorem
§ 2.17. Compensation theorem
§ 2.18. Linear relationships in electrical circuits
§ 2.19. Changes in branch currents caused by an increase in the resistance of one branch (theorem of variations)
§ 2.20. Replacement of several parallel branches containing EMF sources and current sources with one equivalent
§ 2.21. Two node method
§ 2.22. Nodal potential method
§ 2.23. Convert star to triangle and triangle to star
§ 2.24. Transfer of EMF sources and current sources
§ 2.25. Active and passive bipolar
§ 2.26.
§ 2.27.
§ 2.28. Transmission of energy through a transmission line
§ 2.29. Some conclusions on the methods for calculating electrical circuits
§ 2.30. Basic properties of matrices and simple operations with them
§ 2.31. Some topological concepts and topological matrices
§ 2.32. Writing equations according to Kirchhoff's laws using topological matrices
§ 2.33. Generalized branch of the electrical circuit
§ 2.34. Derivation of equations of the loop current method using topological matrices
§ 2.35. Derivation of equations of the method of nodal potentials using topological matrices
§ 2.36. Relations between topological matrices
§ 2.37. Comparison of matrix-topological and traditional directions of circuit theory
Questions for self-examination
Chapter three. Electric circuits of single-phase sinusoidal current
§ 3.1. Sinusoidal current and its main characterizing quantities
§ 3.2. Mean and effective values of a sinusoidally changing quantity
§ 3.3. Crest factor and shape factor
§ 3.4. Image of sinusoidally changing quantities by vectors on the complex plane. Complex amplitude. effective value complex
§ 3.5. Addition and subtraction of sinusoidal functions of time on the complex plane. vector diagram
§ 3.6. Instant Power
§ 3.7. Resistive element in a sinusoidal current circuit
§ 3.8. Inductive element in a sinusoidal current circuit
§ 3.9. Capacitive element in a sinusoidal current circuit
§ 3.10. Vector multiplication by j and -j
§ 3.11. Fundamentals of the symbolic method for calculating sinusoidal current circuits
§ 3.12. complex resistance. Ohm's law for a sinusoidal current circuit
§ 3.13. Complex conductivity
§ 3.14. Resistance Triangle and Conductivity Triangle
§ 3.15. Working with complex numbers
§ 3.16. Kirchhoff's laws in symbolic notation
§ 3.17. Application to the calculation of sinusoidal current circuits of the methods discussed in the chapter "Electrical circuits of direct current"
§ 3.18. The use of vector diagrams in the calculation of electrical circuits of sinusoidal current
§ 3.19. Image of potential difference on the complex plane
§ 3.20. Topographic chart
§ 3.21. Active, reactive and apparent power
§ 3.22. Power Expression in Complex Notation
§ 3.23. Measuring power with a wattmeter
§ 3.24. Two-terminal network in a sinusoidal current circuit
§ 3.25. Resonant mode of operation of a two-terminal network
§ 3.26. Current resonance
§ 3.27. Phase compensation
§ 3.28. R voltage resonance
§ 3.29. The study of the operation of the circuit fig. 3.26, and when changing the frequency and inductance
§ 3.30. Frequency characteristics of two-terminal networks
§ 3.31. Canonical schemes. Equivalent two-terminal networks
§ 3.32. Transfer of energy from an active two-terminal network to a load
§ 3.33. Matching transformer
§ 3.34. Ideal Transformer
§ 3.35. Drop and loss of voltage in the power transmission line
§ 3.36. Calculation of electrical circuits in the presence of magnetically coupled coils
§ 3.37. serial connection two magnetically coupled coils
§ 3.38. Determination of mutual inductance empirically
§ 3.39. Transformer. Insertion resistance
§ 3.40. Resonance in magnetically coupled oscillatory circuits
§ 3.41. "Decoupling" magnetically coupled circuits
§ 3.42. Theorem on the balance of active and reactive power(Longevin's theorem)
§ 3.43. Tellegen's theorem
§ 3.44. Dual chain definition
§ 3.45. Converting the original schema to a dual one
Questions for self-examination
Chapter Four. Quadripoles. Circuits with controlled sources. Pie charts
§ 4.1. Quadripole Definition
§ 4.2. Six forms of writing the quadripole equations
§ 4.3. Derivation of equations in A-form
§ 4.4. Determination of the coefficients of the A-form of writing the quadripole equations
§ 4.5. T- and P-equivalent circuits of a passive quadripole
§ 4.6. Determination of the coefficients Y-, Z-, G- and H-forms of writing the quadripole equations
§ 4.7. Determination of coefficients of one form of equations in terms of coefficients of another form
§ 4.8. Application of various forms of writing the quadripole equations. Quadripole connections. Regularity conditions
§ 4.9. Characteristic and repeated resistances of quadripoles
§ 4.10. Permanent transmission and attenuation units
§ 4.11. Quadripole equations written in terms of hyperbolic functions
§ 4.12. Resistance converter and inverter
§ 4.13. gyrator
§ 4.14. Operational amplifier
§ 4.15. Controlled voltage sources (current)
§ 4.16. Active quadripole
§ 4.17. multipole
§ 4.18. Construction of an arc of a circle by a chord and an inscribed angle
§ 4.19. Circle arc equation in vector notation
§ 4.20. Pie charts
§ 4.21. Pie chart current of two resistors connected in series
§ 4.22. Voltage pie chart of two resistors connected in series
§ 4.23. Active two-terminal current circle diagram
§ 4.24. Quadripole voltage circle diagram
§ 4.25. Line charts
Questions for self-examination
Chapter five. Electrical filters
§ 5.1. Purpose and types of filters
§ 5.2. Fundamentals of k-filter theory
§ 5.3. k-filters low-pass and high-pass, band-pass and band-stop k-filters
§ 5.4. Qualitative definition of k-filter
§ 5.5. Fundamentals of the theory of m-filters. Cascading Filters
§ 5.6. RC filters
§ 5.7. Active RC filters
§ 5.8. Transfer functions of active RC filters in normalized form
§ 5.9. Obtaining the transfer function of a low-pass active RC filter, choosing a circuit and determining its parameters
§ 5.10. Obtaining the transfer function of a bandpass active RC filter
Questions for self-examination
Chapter six. Three-phase circuits
§ 6.1. Three-phase EMF system
§ 6.2. The principle of operation of a three-phase machine generator
§ 6.3. Three phase circuit. Extension of the concept of phase
§ 6.4. Basic schemes for connecting three-phase circuits, determination of linear and phase quantities
§ 6.5. Relationships between line and phase voltages and currents
§ 6.6. Advantages of three-phase systems
§ 6.7. R Calculation of three-phase circuits
§ 6.8. Star-star connection with neutral wire
§ 6.9. Delta Load Connection
§ 6.10. Operator a of a three-phase system
§ 6.11. Star-star connection without neutral wire
§ 6.12. Three-phase circuits in the presence of mutual induction
§ 6.13. Active, reactive and apparent power of a three-phase system
§ 6.14. Measurement active power in a three-phase system
§ 6.15. Pie and line charts in three-phase circuits
§ 6.16. Phase sequence indicator
§ 6.17. The magnetic field of a coil with a sinusoidal current
§ 6.18. Obtaining a circular rotating magnetic field
§ 6.19. Principle of operation induction motor
§ 6.20. Decomposition of an asymmetric system into systems of direct, reverse and zero phase sequences
§ 6.21. The main provisions of the method of symmetrical components
Questions for self-examination
Chapter seven. Periodic non-sinusoidal currents in linear electrical circuits
§ 7.1. Determination of periodic non-sinusoidal currents and voltages
§ 7.2. Depiction of non-sinusoidal currents and voltages using Fourier series
§ 7.3. Some properties of periodic curves with symmetry
§ 7.4. On the Fourier Series Expansion of Curves of Geometrically Regular and Irregular Shapes
§ 7.5. Graphic (graph-analytical) method for determining the harmonics of the Fourier series
§ 7.6. Calculation of currents and voltages for non-sinusoidal power supplies
§ 7.7. Resonance phenomena at non-sinusoidal currents
§ 7.8. RMS non-sinusoidal current and non-sinusoidal voltage
§ 7.9. Modulo mean value of a non-sinusoidal function
§ 7.10. Quantities that ammeters and voltmeters measure at non-sinusoidal currents
§ 7.11. Active and apparent power of non-sinusoidal current
§ 7.12. Replacing non-sinusoidal currents and voltages with equivalent sinusoidal ones
§ 7.13. Features of the operation of three-phase systems caused by harmonics that are multiples of three
§ 7.14. beats
§ 7.15. Modulated oscillations
§ 7.16. Calculation of linear circuits under the influence of modulated oscillations
Questions for self-examination
Chapter eight. Transition processes in linear electrical circuits
§ 8.1. Definition of transients
§ 8.2. Reduction of the problem of the transient process to the solution of a linear differential equation with constant coefficients
§ 8.3. Forced and free components of currents and voltages
§ 8.4. Rationale for the impossibility of a current surge through an inductive coil and a voltage surge across a capacitor
§ 8.5. The first law (rule) of switching
§ 8.6. The second law (rule) of switching
§ 8.7. Initial values of quantities
§ 8.8. Independent and dependent (post-switching) initial values
§ 8.9. Zero and non-zero initial conditions
§ 8.10. Drawing up equations for free currents and voltages
§ 8.11. Algebraization of the system of equations for free currents
§ 8.12. Compilation of the characteristic equation of the system
§ 8.13. Compilation of the characteristic equation by using the expression for the input resistance of the circuit on alternating current
§ 8.14. Primary and non-primary dependent initial values
§ 8.15. Determination of the degree of the characteristic equation
§ 8.16. Properties of the roots of the characteristic equation
§ 8.17. Negative signs of the real parts of the roots of the characteristic equations
§ 8.18. Character of a free process with one root
§ 8.19. Character of a free process with two real unequal roots
§ 8.20. The nature of a free process with two equal roots
§ 8.21. Character of a free process with two complex conjugate roots
§ 8.22. Some features of transient processes
§ 8.23. Transients accompanied by an electric spark ( arc)
§ 8.24. Dangerous overvoltages caused by opening of branches in circuits containing inductive coils
§ 8.25. general characteristics methods for analyzing transient processes in linear electrical circuits
§ 8.26. Definition of the classical method for calculating transients
§ 8.27. Determination of constants of integration in the classical method
§ 8.28. On transient processes, in the macroscopic consideration of which the switching laws are not fulfilled. Generalized commutation laws
§ 8.29. Logarithm as a representation of a number
§ 8.30. Complex images of sinusoidal functions
§ 8.31. Introduction to Operator Method
§ 8.32. Laplace transform
§ 8.33. Image constant
§ 8.34. Image of the exponential function e at
§ 8.35. Image of the first derivative
§ 8.36. Image of voltage across an inductive element
§ 8.37. Image of the second derivative
§ 8.38. Image of the integral
§ 8.39. Capacitor voltage image
§ 8.40. Some theorems and limit relations
§ 8.41. Ohm's law in operator form. Internal EMF
§ 8.42. Kirchhoff's first law in operator form
§ 8.43. Kirchhoff's second law in operator form
§ 8.44. Forming equations for images using the methods discussed in the third chapter
§ 8.45. The sequence of calculation by the operator method
§ 8.46. Depiction of the function of time as the ratio N(p)/M(p) of two polynomials in powers of p
§ 8.47. Transition from image to function of time
§ 8.48. Decomposition of a complex fraction into simple ones
§ 8.49. Decomposition formula
§ 8.50. Additions to the operator method
§ 8.51. Transient conductance
§ 8.52. The concept of a transition function
§ 8.53. Duhamel integral
§ 8.54. The sequence of calculation using the Duhamel integral
§ 8.55. Application of the Duhamel integral with a complex voltage shape
§ 8.56. Comparison of different methods for calculating transients
§ 8.57. Electrical differentiation
§ 8.58. Electrical integration
§ 8.59. Transfer function of a quadripole at a complex frequency
§ 8.60. Transient processes when exposed to voltage pulses
§ 8.61. Delta function, identity function and their properties. Pulsed transient conduction
§ 8.62. Definition of h (t) in terms of K (p)
§ 8.63. State space method
§ 8.64. Complementary bipolar networks
§ 8.65. System functions and the concept of types of sensitivity
§ 8.66. Generalized functions and their application to the calculation of transients
§ 8.67. Duhamel integral for the envelope
Questions for self-examination
Chapter nine. Fourier integral, Spectral method. Signals
§ 9.1. Fourier series in complex notation
§ 9.2. Function spectrum and Fourier integral
§ 9.3. The spectrum of a time-shifted function. Spectrum of the sum of time functions
§ 9.4. Reilly's theorem
§ 9.5. Application of the spectral method
§ 9.6. The current spectrum of the time function
§ 9.7. Fundamentals of Signal Theory
§ 9.8. Narrowband and analytical signals
§ 9.9. Frequency spectrum of the analytical signal
§ 9.10. Direct and inverse Hilbert transform
Questions for self-examination
Chapter ten. Synthesis of electrical circuits
§ 10.1. Synthesis characteristic
§ 10.2. Conditions that must be satisfied by the input impedances of two-terminal networks
§ 10.3. Implementation of two-terminal ladder (chain) circuit
§ 10.4. Implementation of two-terminal networks by sequential selection of the simplest components
§ 10.5. Brunet method
§ 10.6. The concept of minimum-phase and non-minimum-phase quadripoles
§ 10.7. Synthesis of quadripoles by L-shaped and RC circuits
§ 10.8. Quadripole for phase correction
§ 10.9. Quadripole for amplitude correction
§ 10.10. Frequency response approximation
Questions for self-examination
Chapter Eleven. Steady-state processes in electric and magnetic circuits containing lines with distributed parameters
§ 11.1. Basic definitions
§ 11.2. Compilation of differential equations for a homogeneous line with distributed parameters
§ 11.3. Solution of Line Equations with Distributed Parameters for a Steady Sinusoidal Process
§ 11.4. Propagation constant and impedance
§ 11.5. Formulas for determining the complexes of voltage and current at any point on the line through the complexes of voltage and current at the beginning of the line
§ 11.6. Graphical interpretation of the hyperbolic sine and cosine of a complex argument
§ 11.7. Formulas for determining the voltage and current at any point on the line through the complexes of voltage and current at the end of the line
§ 11.8. Incident and reflected waves in a line
§ 11.9. Reflection coefficient
§ 11.10. Phase speed
§ 11.11. Wavelength
§ 11.12. line without distortion
§ 11.14. Determination of voltage and current at a matched load
§ 11.15. Transmission Line Efficiency at Matched Load
§ 11.16. Load line input impedance
§ 11.17. Determination of voltage and current in a lossless line
§ 11.18. Line input impedance without no-load loss
§ 11.19. Line input impedance without loss at short circuit at the end of the line
§ 11.20. Line input impedance without loss with reactive load
§ 11.21. Definition of standing electromagnetic waves
§ 11.22. Standing waves in a line without no-load losses
§ 11.23. Standing waves in a line with no short circuit loss at the end of the line
§ 11.24. quarter wave transformer
§ 11.25. Traveling, standing and mixed waves in lossless lines. Traveling and standing wave coefficients
§ 11.26. Analogy between the equations of a line with distributed parameters and the equations of a quadripole
§ 11.27. Replacement of a quadripole with an equivalent line with distributed parameters and reverse replacement
§ 11.28. Quadripole of given attenuation
§ 11.29. chain diagram
Questions for self-examination
Chapter twelve. Transient processes in electrical circuits containing lines with distributed parameters
§ 12.1. General information
§ 12.2. Initial equations and their solution
§ 12.3. Incident and reflected waves on lines
§ 12.4. Relationship between functions f 1 , f 2 and functions φ 1 , φ 2
§ 12.5. Electromagnetic processes during the movement of a rectangular wave along a line
§ 12.6. Equivalent Circuit for Studying Wave Processes in Lines with Distributed Parameters
§ 12.7. Connecting an open line at the end of the line to the source constant voltage
§ 12.8. Transient process when a DC voltage source is connected to two series-connected lines in the presence of capacitance at the junction of the lines
§ 12.9. delay line
§ 12.10. Using lines to form short-term impulses
§ 12.11. Initial provisions for the application of the operator method to the calculation of transients in lines
§ 12.12. Connection of a lossless line of finite length l, open at the end, to a constant voltage source
§ 12.13. Connecting a line without distortion of finite length l, open at the end, to a constant voltage source U
§ 12.14. Connection of an infinitely long cable without inductance and leakage to a DC voltage source U
§ 12.15. Connecting an infinitely long line without leakage to a DC voltage source
Questions for self-examination
Literature for Part I
Part II.
Chapter thirteen. Nonlinear electrical circuits direct current
§ 13.1. Basic definitions
§ 13.2. CVC of non-linear resistors
§ 13.3. General characteristics of methods for calculating non-linear electrical circuits of direct current
§ 13.4. HP serial connection
§ 13.5. HP parallel connection
§ 13.6. Series-parallel connection of resistances
§ 13.7. Calculation of a branched nonlinear circuit by the two-node method
§ 13.8. Replacing several parallel branches containing HP and EMF with one equivalent
§ 13.9. Calculation of nonlinear circuits by the equivalent generator method
§ 13.10. Static and differential resistance
§ 13.11. Replacing a non-linear resistor with an equivalent linear resistance and EMF
§ 13.12. current stabilizer
§ 13.13. Voltage regulator
§ 13.14. Construction of I–V characteristics of sections of circuits containing nodes with currents flowing from outside
§ 13.15. Diacoptics of nonlinear circuits
§ 13.16. Thermistors
§ 13.17. Photoresistor and photodiode
§ 13.18. Transferring maximum power to a linear load from a source with a non-linear internal resistance
§ 13.19. Magnesitors and magnetodiodes
Questions for self-examination
Chapter fourteen. Magnetic circuits
§ 14.1. Division of substances into strongly magnetic and weakly magnetic
§ 14.2. The main quantities characterizing the magnetic field
§ 14.3. Main characteristics of ferromagnetic materials
§ 14.4. Hysteresis loss
§ 14.5. Soft and hard magnetic materials
§ 14.6. Magnetodielectrics and ferrites
§ 14.7. Full current law
§ 14.8. Magnetomotive (magnetizing) force
§ 14.9. Varieties of magnetic circuits
§ 14.10. The role of ferromagnetic materials in a magnetic circuit
§ 14.11. Magnetic voltage drop
§ 14.12. Weber ampere characteristics
§ 14.13. Construction of weber-ampere characteristics
§ 14.14. Kirchhoff's laws for magnetic circuits
§ 14.15. Application to magnetic circuits of all methods used to calculate electrical circuits with non-linear resistors
§ 14.16. Determination of the MMF of an unbranched magnetic circuit for a given current
§ 14.17. Determination of the flux in an unbranched magnetic circuit according to a given MMF
§ 14.18. Calculation of a branched magnetic circuit by the two-node method
§ 14.19. Additional notes on the calculation of magnetic circuits
§ 14.20. Obtaining a permanent magnet
§ 14.21. Calculation of the magnetic circuit of a permanent magnet
§ 14.22. Straight line and return rate
§ 14.23. Magnetic resistance and magnetic conductivity of a section of a magnetic circuit. Ohm's law for a magnetic circuit
§ 14.24. Magnetic line with distributed parameters
§ 14.25. Explanations to the formula
Questions for self-examination
Chapter fifteen. Nonlinear electrical circuits and AC
§ 15.1. Subdivision of non-linear elements
§ 15.2. General characteristics of non-linear resistors
§ 15.3. General characteristics of non-linear inductive elements
§ 15.4. Core losses of non-linear inductive coils due to eddy currents
§ 15.5. Losses in a ferromagnetic core due to hysteresis
§ 15.6. Equivalent circuit of a non-linear inductive coil
§ 15.7. General characteristics of non-linear capacitive elements
§ 15.8. Nonlinear elements as generators of higher current and voltage harmonics
§ 15.9. Basic transformations carried out using non-linear electrical circuits
§ 15.10. Some physical phenomena observed in nonlinear circuits
§ 15.11. Separation of non-linear elements according to the degree of symmetry of characteristics relative to the coordinate axes
§ 15.12. Approximation of characteristics of nonlinear elements
§ 15.13. Approximation of symmetric characteristics for instantaneous values by a hyperbolic sine
§ 15.14. The concept of Bessel functions
§ 15.15. Expansion of the hyperbolic sine and cosine in a periodic argument into Fourier series
§ 15.16. Decomposition of the hyperbolic sine from a constant and sinusoidally varying components in a Fourier series
§ 15.17. Some General Properties of Symmetric Nonlinear Elements
§ 15.18. The appearance of a constant current component (voltage, flux, charge) on a non-linear element with a symmetrical characteristic
§ 15.19. Types of characteristics of non-linear elements
§ 15.20. Characteristics for instantaneous values
§ 15.21. VAC on the first harmonics
§ 15.22. CVC for effective values
§ 15.23. Obtaining analytically generalized characteristics
controlled nonlinear elements on the first harmonics
§ 15.24. The simplest controlled non-linear inductive coil
§ 15.25. CVC of a controlled nonlinear inductive coil in terms of the first harmonics
§ 15.26. CVC of a controlled nonlinear capacitor in terms of the first harmonics
§ 15.27. Device Basics bipolar transistor
§ 15.28. The main ways to include bipolar transistors in a circuit
§ 15.29. The principle of operation of a bipolar transistor
§ 15.30. I-V characteristic of a bipolar transistor
§ 15.31. Bipolar transistor as an amplifier for current, voltage, power
§ 15.32. Relationship between increments of input and output values of a bipolar transistor
§ 15.33. Bipolar transistor equivalent circuit for small increments. Method for calculating circuits with controlled sources, taking into account their frequency properties
§ 15.34. Graphical calculation of circuits on transistors
§ 15.35. Principle of operation field effect transistor
§ 15.36. I-V characteristic of a field-effect transistor
§ 15.37. FET switching circuits
§ 15.38. Basic information about the three-electrode lamp
§ 15.39. CVC of a three-electrode lamp for instantaneous values
§ 15.40. Analytical expression of the grid characteristic electronic lamp
§ 15.41. Relationship between small increments of input and output quantities of a vacuum tube
§ 15.42. Small Increment Vacuum Tube Equivalent Circuit
§ 15.43. Thyristor - controlled semiconductor diode
§ 15.44. General characteristics of methods for analysis and calculation of non-linear electrical circuits of alternating current
§ 15.45. Graphical calculation method when using the characteristics of non-linear elements for instantaneous values
§ 15.46. Analytical calculation method when using the characteristics of non-linear elements for instantaneous values with their piecewise linear approximation
§ 15.47. Analytical (graphical) calculation method for the first harmonics of currents and voltages
§ 15.48. Analysis of non-linear AC circuits using I-V characteristics for effective values
§ 15.49. Analytical method for calculating circuits by the first and one or more higher or lower harmonics
§ 15.50. Circuit design using linear equivalent circuits
§ 15.51. Calculation of circuits containing inductive coils whose cores have an almost rectangular magnetization curve
§ 15.52. Calculation of circuits containing nonlinear capacitors with a rectangular Coulomb-voltage characteristic
§ 15.53. straightening AC voltage
§ 15.54. Self-oscillations
§ 15.55. Soft and hard excitation of self-oscillations
§ 15.56. Definition of ferroresonant circuits
§ 15.57. Construction of the CVC of a series ferroresonant circuit
§ 15.58. Trigger effect in a series ferroresonant circuit. Stress ferroresonance
§ 15.59. VAC parallel connection capacitor and steel core coil. Ferroresonance currents
§ 15.60. Trigger effect in a parallel ferroresonant circuit
§ 15.61. Frequency characteristics of non-linear circuits
§ 15.62. Application of the symbolic method for the calculation of nonlinear circuits. Construction of vector and topographic diagrams
§ 15.63. Equivalent Generator Method
§ 15.64. Vector diagram of a non-linear inductive coil
§ 15.65. Determination of the magnetizing current
§ 15.66. Determining the loss current
§ 15.67. Basic Ratios for a Steel Core Transformer
§ 15.68. Vector diagram of steel core transformer
§ 15.69. subharmonic oscillations. Variety of motion types in nonlinear circuits
§ 15.70. Self-modulation. Chaotic oscillations (strange attractors)
Questions for self-examination
Chapter sixteen. Transient processes in non-linear electrical circuits
§ 16.1. General characteristics of methods for analysis and calculation of transients
§ 16.2. Calculation based on the graphical calculation of a definite integral
§ 16.3. Calculation by the method of integrable nonlinear approximation
§ 16.4. Calculation by the method of piecewise linear approximation
§ 16.5. Calculation of transient processes in nonlinear circuits by the method of state variables on a computer
§ 16.6. Method of slowly varying amplitudes
§ 16.7. Small parameter method
§ 16.8. Method of integral equations
§ 16.9. Transient processes in circuits with thermistors
§ 16.10. Transient processes in circuits with controlled non-linear inductive elements
§ 16.11. Transient processes in nonlinear electromechanical systems
§ 16.12. Transient processes in circuits with controlled sources, taking into account their nonlinear and frequency properties
§ 16.13. Remagnetization of ferrite cores by current pulses
§ 16.14. Phase plane and characteristics of its areas of application
§ 16.15. Integral curves, phase trajectory and limit cycle
§ 16.16. Image of the simplest processes on the phase plane
§ 16.17. Isoclines. special points. Construction of phase trajectories
Questions for self-examination
Chapter seventeen. Fundamentals of the theory of stability of operating modes of nonlinear circuits
§ 17.1. Stability "in the small" and "in the big". Stability according to Lyapunov
§ 17.2. General foundations for the study of sustainability "in the small"
§ 17.3. Study of the stability of the equilibrium state in systems with a constant driving force
§ 17.4. Study of the stability of self-oscillations and forced oscillations in terms of the first harmonic
§ 17.5. Study of the Stability of the Equilibrium State in the Generator of Relaxation Oscillations
§ 17.6. Study of the stability of periodic motion in a tube generator of sinusoidal oscillations
§ 17.7. The study of the stability of the operation of electrical circuits containing controlled sources of voltage (current) taking into account their non-ideality
Questions for self-examination
Chapter eighteen. Electrical circuits with time-varying parameters
§ 18.1. Circuit elements
§ 18.2. General properties of electrical circuits
§ 18.3. Calculation of electrical circuits in steady state
§ 18.4. Parametric vibrations
§ 18.5. Parametric oscillator and amplifier
Questions for self-examination
Literature for Part II
Applications
Annex A
Directed and undirected graphs
§ A.1. Characterization of two directions in graph theory
I. Directed Graphs
§ A.2. Basic definitions
§ A.3. Transition from the system under study to a directed graph
§ A.4. General formula for passing a directed (signal) graph
II. Undirected Graphs
§ A.5. Definition and basic formula
§ A.6. Determining the Number of Trees in a Graph
§ A.7. Path Determinant Decomposition Between Two Arbitrarily Chosen Nodes
§ A.8. Application of the basic formula
§ A.9. Mapping directed and undirected graphs
Annex B
Simulated electrical circuit elements
Annex B
Research of processes in non-electrical systems on electrical analogue models
Annex D
Random processes in electrical circuits
§ D.1. random processes. Correlation functions
§ D.2. Direct and Inverse Fourier Transforms for Random Time Functions
§ D.3. White noise and its properties
§ D.4. Sources of internal noise in electrical circuits
Annex D
Discrete signals and their processing
§ E.1. Kotelnikov's theorem
§ D 2. Frequency spectrum of the sampled signal
§ E.3. Frequency Spectrum Discretization
§ E.4. Direct Fourier Transform of Sampled Signal
§ E.5. Determining a continuous signal x(t) from DFT coefficients
§ E.6. Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform
§ D 7. Calculation of the discrete Fourier transform. Fast Fourier Transform
§ D.8. Discrete convolution in time and frequency domains
Appendix E
Frequency conversions
§ E.1. Classification of frequency transformations
§ E.2. Frequency transformations of the first kind
§ E.3. Frequency transformations of the second kind
§ E.4. Frequency transformations of circuits with distributed parameters
§ E.5. Bruton transform
Annex G
Z-conversion of digital signals
§ G.1. Direct Z-conversion of digital signals
§ G.2. Solving differential equations by reducing them to difference equations
§ G 3. Discrete Convolution
§ G.4. Shift theorem for digital signal
§ G.5. Transfer function of a digital quadripole
§ G.6. Correspondence between the complex frequency p and the parameter z of the discrete z-transform
§ G.7. Inverse z-transform
§ G.8. Correspondence between the poles of analog and digital quadripoles
§ G.9. Transition from the transfer function of an analog four-terminal network to the transfer function of the corresponding digital
Annex 3
Digital filters
§ 3.1. Introduction
§ 3.2. Element base of digital filters
§ 3.3. Classification of digital filters according to the type of transfer function K (z)
§ 3.4. Algorithm for obtaining the transfer function of a digital filter
§ 3.5. Modulus and argument K(z) as a function of frequency
§ 3.6. Frequency conversions of digital filters
§ 3.7. Implementation transfer functions digital filters
Name: Theoretical foundations of electrical engineering
Annotation: Electric and magnetic fields can be changing and constant in time. Unchanging in the macroscopic sense electric field is an electrostatic field created by a set of charges that are motionless in space and unchanged in time. In this case, there is an electric field, but no magnetic field. When flowing direct currents on conducting bodies inside and outside of them there is an electric and magnetic field that do not affect each other, so they can be considered separately. In a time-varying field, the electric and magnetic fields, as mentioned, are interrelated and condition each other, so they cannot be considered separately.
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Authors: Volkov E. A., Sankovsky E. I., Sidorovich D. Yu.
Name: Theory of linear electrical circuits
railway automation, telemechanics and communications
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Name: Fundamentals of Theoretical Electrical Engineering
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Name: Theoretical foundations of electrical engineering. Volume 1
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